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Stroke survivors’ experiences of a client-centered occupational therapy in stroke rehabilitation : A qualitative literature study
No full textSyftet med litteraturstudien var att beskriva personers upplevelser av klientcentrerad arbetsterapi vid rehabilitering efter stroke. Litteraturstudiens metod är en sammanställning av kvalitativa artiklar inspirerad av en beskrivande metasyntes. Artiklarna är hämtade från fyra databaser; CINAHL, PubMed, AMED samt APA PsycInfo. Författarna har granskat valda artiklar och identifierat likheter som resulterat i tre teman. I resultatet framkom temana: Att möjliggöra en terapeutisk relation mellan arbetsterapeut och klient, Att vara involverad i sin egen rehabiliteringsprocess samt Vikten av kontinuerligt stöd genom hela rehabiliteringsprocessen. Resultatet visade på vikten av att utveckla en terapeutisk relation med sin arbetsterapeut med grund i kommunikation, tillit samt personlig kontakt. Klientens involvering är viktig för att känna en delaktighet i rehabilitering. Klienter upplevde en känslomässig påverkan på grund av en ny omställning efter en stroke, varav stöd av arbetsterapeut ansågs vara viktigt. Slutsatsen författarna kom fram till var att resultatet visar på viktiga aspekter en arbetsterapeut kan ta i beaktande för ökad vårdkvalitet och fulländad rehabilitering för klienten. Mer forskning behövs inom arbetsterapi för att kunna belysa ytterligare upplevelser av klientcentrering från strokedrabbade personer, inom en arbetsterapeutisk rehabilitering.The purpose of the literature study was to describe stroke survivors’ experiences of a client-centered occupational therapy in stroke rehabilitation. The method used was to compile qualitative articles inspired by a descriptive meta-synthesis. Articles were taken from four databases; CINAHL, PubMed, AMED and APA PsycInfo. The selected articles have been reviewed by the authors and identified by similarities which resulted in three themes. The result is based on the themes; To enable a therapeutic relationship between occupational therapist and client, To be involved in one's own rehabilitation process and The importance of continuous support throughout the rehabilitation process. The results showed the importance of developing a therapeutic relationship with your occupational therapist based on communication, trust and personal contact. The client’s involvement is important for a sense of ownership in rehabilitation. Stroke survivors’ also experienced an emotional impact due to a new adjustment, which shows that support of the occupational therapist was important. The conclusion the authors attained was important aspects a occupational therapist can take into account for increased quality of care and complete rehabilitation for the client. Further research is needed in occupational therapy for illuminate experiences of client centeredness from stroke survivors’ within occupational therapy rehabilitation
From project experience to useful insight : A way to present experiences gathered from previous projects to aid the design process
No full textKnowledge and experience are vital assets for construction organizations, providing a competitive edge. Decisions made during a project's design phase play a crucial role in determining the overall cost of the product. However, the Swedish construction sector reports that organizations have significant challenges with effectively reusing knowledge and information. Often, important data is not used because it is stored in unavailable documents or is inappropriately formatted. This lack of accessibility can result in poor-quality work, diminished profitability, and weakened team collaboration. This study aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of how knowledge from previous projects (experiences) can be formatted to better aid the design processes. This will be achieved by investigating and characterizing available experiences used by product designers in a modular construction organization. The thesis will utilize the DIKW model to differentiate between experience formats. The thesis investigates the available experience format in a modular construction organization's early stages of product design. To alleviate the problem of inaccessible knowledge, the study will touch upon the perspective of product designers and how they want the experiences formatted for usability. The data gathered in the study originates from interviews conducted with employees whose work contributes to the design phase. The interviews focus on identifying the available sources in the organizations and identifying patterns in which the experiences should be represented to aid the decision process in the design phase. The interview highlights common and uncommon methods to access experiences and their disadvantages. The literature review in this study focuses on describing the use of the DIKW model. It gives a general understanding of how product knowledge and experience impact industrial design and production processes. The results and analysis highlight formal and informal resources of tacit and explicit experiences that respondents mention. Depending on the documentation viewed, formal experience resources fall under the category of data, information, and knowledge in the DIK(W) model, while informal experience resources mediate a higher level of understanding, thereby classifying them mostly as knowledge in the DIK(W) model. Projects are typically time-constrained, so experiences must be up-to-date, accessible, and quick to grasp to aid the design process. A project's outcome should be documented in a statement, percentage, or colour, as explained by the respondents. Construction components documentation should serve as the experience carrier. The respondents want additional information on cost, time, and production estimations for the studied organization. Meanwhile, due to time efficiency, the respondents prefer vast and detailed experiences to be accessed through interpersonal sharing. This creates friction between the desire for accessibility of expertise and its ability to be preserved; this discrepancy is highlighted through the literature and the interviews. The thesis presents possible hindrances and areas for improvement in the organization studied.
The ReDO-program: An Occupational Therapy Intervention and Its Effects on Women with Stress-Related Illness : A literature review
No full textSyfte: Att sammanställa och beskriva effekter av ReDO-programmet för kvinnor i arbetsför ålder med stressrelaterad ohälsa. Metod: En litteraturöversikt av kvantitativ forskning. Datainsamlingen utfördes genom systematisk sökning i databaserna PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science och Scopus via Luleå tekniska universitet även sekundära sökningar i Google Scholar, vilket resulterade i nio artiklar. Åtta artiklar av kvantitativ metod och en av mixad metod med både kvantitativ och kvalitativ metod. Data analyserades och kvalitetsgranskades enligt Statens beredning för medicinsk och social utvärdering (SBU) mall för kvantitativa studier. Resultat: Åtta av de inkluderande studierna hade statistisk signifikant effekt på olika områden så som ångest, depression, aktivitetsbalans, vardagsbalans och livskvalitet. Resultatet visade att kvinnor tog till sig strategier som underlättade tillvaron i allmänhet och det stärkte deras självkänsla. Resultatet visade att effekterna av ReDO- programmet avtog efter tid. Slutsats: ReDO-programmet har i de inkluderade studierna visat positiva effekter på psykisk hälsa, aktivitetsbalans och livskvalitet. Studierna bedömdes ha låg risk för bias, vilket stärker resultatens tillförlitlighet. För att ytterligare stärka evidensläget rekommenderas fler randomiserade kontrollerade studier samt fortsatt forskning kring varför programmets effekter tenderar att avta över tid.
How do occupational therapists rate their digital competence? : A quantitative study
No full textSyfte: Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka och beskriva hur arbetsterapeuter skattar sin digitala kompetens. Metod: För att besvara studiens syfte, valdes en deskriptiv kvantitativ tvärsnittsstudie. Data samlades in via en egenkonstruerad webbenkät och analyserades med hjälp av deskriptiv- och inferentiell statistik. Resultat: Resultaten från studien visar att arbetsterapeuter skattar sin digitala kompetens som god. De är proaktiva och ser fördelar med att utveckla sin digitala kompetens. Arbetsterapeuter betraktar digitala lösningar som möjliggörare för personcentrerad vård, förbättrat utfall och effektivisering av arbetet. Samtidigt identifierar de utmaningar att använda digitala lösningar och utveckla digital kompetens kopplade till begränsade tillgängliga resurser och bristande förutsättningar i arbetsmiljön. Slutsats: Arbetsterapeuter erkänner att digital kompetens är avgörande för att leverera personcentrerad och kvalitativ vård i en alltmer digitaliserad omgivning. Samtidigt upplever de att begränsningar, i form av otillräckliga resurser och stöd, hindrar deras professionella utveckling. Med rätt förutsättningar och stöd från verksamheter, organisationer och samhälle kan arbetsterapeuter effektivt integrera digitala lösningar i sitt arbete och därmed fullfölja sin roll på alla nivåer i ett alltmer digitaliserat samhälle.Aim: The aim of this study was to explore and describe how occupational therapists rate their digital competence. Method: To address the aim of the study, a descriptive quantitative cross-sectional study was chosen. Data was collected through a self-constructed online survey and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The study's findings show that occupational therapists rate their overall digital competence as good. They are proactive and recognize the benefits of further developing their digital competence. Occupational therapists view digital solutions as enablers for person-centered care, improved outcomes, and increased work efficiency. At the same time, they identify challenges in using digital solutions and developing digital competence linked to limited available resources and inadequate opportunities in the work environment. Conclusion: Occupational therapists acknowledge digital competence as crucial for delivering person-centered and high-quality care in an increasingly digitalized environment. However, they also experience limitations in the form of lack of resources and support, which hinder their professional development. With the right conditions and support from organizations, institutions, and society, occupational therapists can effectively integrate digital solutions into their work, thereby fulfilling their role at all levels in an increasingly digitalized society
Identification of low-momentum muons in the CMS detector using multivariate techniques in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 13.6 TeV
No full text"Soft" muons with a transverse momentum below 10 GeV are featured in many processes studied by the CMS experiment, such as decays of heavy-flavor hadrons or rare tau lepton decays. Maximizing the selection efficiency for these muons, while simultaneously suppressing backgrounds from long-lived light-flavor hadron decays, is therefore important for the success of the CMS physics program. Multivariate techniques have been shown to deliver better muon identification performance than traditional selection techniques. To take full advantage of the large data set currently being collected during Run 3 of the CERN LHC, a new multivariate classifier based on a gradient-boosted decision tree has been developed. It offers a significantly improved separation of signal and background muons compared to a similar classifier used for the analysis of the Run 2 data. The performance of the new classifier is evaluated on a data set collected with the CMS detector in 2022 and 2023, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 62 fb-1.Godkänd;2025;Nivå 0;2025-05-26 (u8);For funding information see: https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/20/04/P04021;Full text license: CC BY</p
Olycksfallsutredningar i byggbranschen - finns lärdomar att hämta från luftfarten? : Delrapport 1: Förutsättningar och ramar för olycksfallsutredningar
No full textAtt få jazzbollen i rullning : En rockbasists stapplande steg mot att behärska jazzsolon
No full textMin ambition med detta arbete är främst att bli en bättre solist, och i samma veva utveckla en djupare förståelse för och uppskattning för jazzmusik. Arbetets första fas bestod av att planka, transkribera och analysera sex på el/kontrabas utförda solon. Efter detta valdes fem moment ut (baserade på, för mig, obekanta idéer som förekommer i dessa bassolon) för att bygga upp en övningsrutin kring. Denna övning har kretsat kring framför allt tre standards ur jazzrepertoaren. Resultatet redovisades i form av tre inspelningar på improviserade bassolon, ett framfört i en ensemble, och två framförda till förprogrammerat komp från appen iReal Pro. Analyserna av de utvalda solona gav mig insikter i det tonala och rytmiska språk som ligger till grund för, vad jag anser vara, inom genren övertygande solospel. Att i min övning betona vissa specifika verktyg (rörande både rytmik och harmonik) som fattats mitt eget solande gynnade min vokabulär som solist och utgjorde ett stort steg i riktningen mot att bli en mer komplett musiker
A Semi-Supervised-Learning-Aided Explainable Belief Rule-Based Approach to Predict the Energy Consumption of Buildings
No full textPredicting the energy consumption of buildings plays a critical role in supporting utility providers, users, and facility managers in minimizing energy waste and optimizing operational efficiency. However, this prediction becomes difficult because of the limited availability of supervised labeled data to train Artificial Intelligence (AI) models. This data availability becomes either expensive or difficult due to privacy protection. To overcome the scarcity of balanced labeled data, semi-supervised learning utilizes extensive unlabeled data. Motivated by this, we propose semi-supervised learning to train AI model. For the AI model, we employ the Belief Rule-Based Expert System (BRBES) because of its domain knowledge-based prediction and uncertainty handling mechanism. For improved accuracy of the BRBES, we utilize initial labeled data to optimize BRBES’ parameters and structure through evolutionary learning until its accuracy reaches the confidence threshold. As semi-supervised learning, we employ a self-training model to assign pseudo-labels, predicted by the BRBES, to unlabeled data generated through weak and strong augmentation. We reoptimize the BRBES with labeled and pseudo-labeled data, resulting in a semi-supervised BRBES. Finally, this semi-supervised BRBES explains its prediction to the end-user in nontechnical human language, resulting in a trust relationship. To validate our proposed semi-supervised explainable BRBES framework, a case study based on Skellefteå, Sweden, is used to predict and explain energy consumption of buildings. Experimental results show 20 ± 0.71% higher accuracy of the semi-supervised BRBES than state-of-the-art semi-supervised machine learning models. Moreover, the semi-supervised BRBES framework turns out to be 29 ± 0.67% more explainable than these semi-supervised machine learning models.Validerad;2025;Nivå 1;2025-06-02 (u2);Full text: CC BY license;</p
Real World Impact of Generative AI (GenAI) on Cybersecurity Professionals
No full textBackground: Rapidly evolving cyber threats challenge conventional cybersecurity measures, positioning Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) as a transformative force. GenAI offers potent defensive capabilities such as enhanced threat detection and automated responses, but also introduces significant offensive risks, including sophisticated attacks. This duality creates opportunities and challenges, highlighting a discrepancy between GenAI’s theoretical potential and its practical integration in cybersecurity. Purpose: This thesis investigates the adoption of GenAI by cybersecurity professionals, focusing specifically on the discrepancy between its widely theorized potential and its actual application in real-world operational settings. It analyzes the gap between the anticipated benefits of GenAI and the reported experiences of professionals utilizing it. To this end, the study explores key dimensions influencing GenAI adoption, such as its perceived usefulness and ease of use (PU & PEOU), the alignment of its capabilities with cybersecurity task requirements (Task-Technology Fit/TTF), influential organizational and technological factors, and the practical challenges encountered during adoption. The central research question seeks to determine the nature and extent of this theory-practice gap. Ultimately, the study provides a nuanced understanding of GenAI’s practical value and limitations in cybersecurity. Method: This study employed a qualitative methodology to explore GenAI adoption experiences. Ten cybersecurity professionals, purposively selected for their hands-on experience with GenAI in their roles, were interviewed semi-structured. The collected data was analyzed using thematic analysis, with findings interpreted through an integrated theoretical framework combining the TAM and TTF theories. Results and analysis: The analysis, framed by the integrated TAM-TTF model, revealed that cybersecurity professionals perceive GenAI as highly useful (PU) for specific tasks, where a strong TTF enhances efficiency. However, its broader adoption is significantly hampered by several critical factors. Notably, achieving proficient PEOU requires substantial learning and adaptation effort. More critically, pervasive issues with GenAI’s reliability and explainability severely undermine user trust, a crucial element for critical cybersecurity functions. Furthermore, substantial perceived risks related to data privacy, security vulnerabilities, and output integrity contribute to cautious adoption patterns. Consequently, GenAI is predominantly viewed as a powerful assistive tool that necessitates considerable human oversight and validation, with the gap between its anticipated benefits and actual experiences defined mainly by these trust, usability, and risk concerns, especially for high-stakes operations. Conclusions: The study concludes that a significant gap exists between GenAI’s anticipated benefits and professionals’ actual experiences. This discrepancy is primarily driven by current limitations in GenAI’s reliability and explainability, compounded by challenges and perceived risks. Thus, GenAI currently operates as an assistive tool requiring considerable human oversight, not an autonomous solution. The extent of this theory-practice gap varies, being most pronounced for complex functions demanding high reliability and transparency. Recommendations for future research: Future research directions include more granular evaluations of TTF for specific cybersecurity tasks, effective XAI to build practitioner trust, GenAI skills development, and long-term research observing how GenAI adoption and its impact shift as the technology itself improves.
Is there an effect of upper limb interventions on ADL ability after stroke? : A systematic review
No full textBakgrund: Stroke är ett allvarligt och relativt vanligt sjukdomstillstånd, även om allt fler människor överlever en stroke. Som påföljd av en stroke kan en mängd olika nedsättningar i de övre extremiteterna uppstå. Nedsättningarna kan i sin tur påverka patienternas förmåga att utföra sina aktiviteter i dagliga livet. Arbetsterapeutens roll inom strokerehabilitering av de övre extremiteterna syftar i de flesta fall till att öka motorfunktionen, men vilken effekt har interventionerna på ADL-förmågan? Syfte: Att sammanställa arbetsterapeutiska interventioner för övre extremitet och om det finns effekter på ADL-förmågan efter stroke. Metod: En systematisk litteraturöversikt av RCT-studier utfördes. Med hjälp av relevanta inklusions- och exklusionskriterier valdes åtta studier ut för granskning och analys. Resultat: Resultatet visar att de analyserade interventionerna för rehabilitering av de övre extremiteterna främst fokuserar på motorfunktion. Mätningen av ADL-förmåga varierar beroende på intervention. Dock visar resultatet att motorfunktionen påverkar ADL-förmågan positivt. Det resulterade vidare i tre teman; Teknologiska interventioner och ADL, Spegelterapi och ADL samt Uppgiftsbaserade övningar och ADL. Slutsats: Slutsatsen som drogs från litteraturstudiens resultat var att om en intervention efter stroke fokuserar på motorfunktioner som är kopplade till ADL-funktioner kan den generella ADL-förmågan öka trots att den inte fokuserar på aktiviteten i sig. Spegelterapi, teknologiska interventioner och uppgiftsbaserade övningar kan alla vara effektiva metoder både gällande funktionsförmåga och ADL-förmåga. Tvångsinducerad rörelseterapi i hemmet kunde inte motiveras som en effektiv intervention på ADL-förmågan men däremot hade den goda effekter på den upplevda kvaliteten av användning av arm och hand i dagliga aktiviteter.Background: Stroke is a serious and relatively usual disease state, even if more people survive a stroke today. As a consequence of a stroke, a variety of impairments in the upper limb can occur. These impairments can in turn affect patients´ ability to carry out their activity of daily living. The role of the occupational therapist in upper limb stroke rehabilitation is in most cases aimed at increasing motor function, but what is the effect of the interventions ADL ability? Aim: The aim of the study was to compile occupational therapy interventions for upper extremity and whether there are effects on ADL ability after stroke. Methods: A systematic literature review of RCT-studies was performed. Using relevant inclusion and exclusion criteria, eight studies were selected for review and analysis. Results: The results show that the analyzed interventions for upper limb rehabilitation mainly focus on motor function. The measurement of ADL ability varies depending on the intervention. However, the results show that motor function has a positive effect on ADL ability. This further resulted in three themes, technological intervention ADL, mirror therapy and ADL, and task-based exercises and ADL. Conclusion: The conclusion drawn from the results of the literature review was that if an intervention after stroke focuses on motor functions that are linked to ADL functions, general ADL ability can increase even though it does not focus on the activity itself. Mirror therapy, technological interventions and task-based exercise can all be effective methods regarding both functional ability and ADL ability. Forced-induced movement therapy in the home could not be justified as an effective intervention on ADL ability, but on the other hand it had good effects on the perceived quality of use of the arm and hand in daily activities.