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A transcriptomic based deconvolution framework for assessing differentiation stages and drug responses of AML
No full textThe diagnostic spectrum for AML patients is increasingly based on genetic abnormalities due to their prognostic and predictive value. However, information on the AML blast phenotype regarding their maturational arrest has started to regain importance due to its predictive power for drug responses. Here, we deconvolute 1350 bulk RNA-seq samples from five independent AML cohorts on a single-cell healthy BM reference and demonstrate that the morphological differentiation stages (FAB) could be faithfully reconstituted using estimated cell compositions (ECCs). Moreover, we show that the ECCs reliably predict ex-vivo drug resistances as demonstrated for Venetoclax, a BCL-2 inhibitor, resistance specifically in AML with CD14+ monocyte phenotype. We validate these predictions using LUMC proteomics data by showing that BCL-2 protein abundance is split into two distinct clusters for NPM1-mutated AML at the extremes of CD14+ monocyte percentages, which could be crucial for the Venetoclax dosing patients. Our results suggest that Venetoclax resistance predictions can also be extended to AML without recurrent genetic abnormalities and possibly to MDS-related and secondary AML. Lastly, we show that CD14+ monocytic dominated Ven/Aza treated patients have significantly lower overall survival. Collectively, we propose a framework for allowing a joint mutation and maturation stage modeling that could be used as a blueprint for testing sensitivity for new agents across the various subtypes of AML.Pattern Recognition and Bioinformatic
Empowering psychosocial well-being at the workplace: How communicating micro-breaks can contribute to structuring breaks and creating social awareness
No full textMore and more (young) working adults in the Netherlands experience burnout-related stress symptoms. Although the focus of office environments is more focused on vitality, this trend keeps rising.Products that already focus on awareness of well-being turn out to not be sustainable or even intrusive. Employees on the other hand seem to be burdened by occupational pressure while most people are like-minded when it comes to prioritising well-being over work.Micro-breaks are necessary for keeping a steady energy level and most importantly required during stressful periods with high workloads.The product solution is a simplified communication tool with only one purpose, communicating micro-breaks. The tools consist of a little display and are all connected. Every workplace or employee has such a product and by connecting it to your work computer or telephone, micro-breaks can be communicated with people in the same team. Different kinds of breaks can be communicated, depending on the team and facilities of the company. When team members are invited to participate in a micro-break they can simply accept, decline, or ignore the invitation.The product aims to bring structure to taking breaks in a work environment and provides reminders during busy and stressful periods. In addition, the solution supports social interactions to lower the threshold for taking breaks. Ultimately to create a healthy working atmosphere in various environments.Integrated Product Desig
Human Values for Responsible Decision-Support for Fire Services
No full textArtificial Intelligence systems are more and more being introduced into first response; however, this introduction needs to be done responsibly. While generic claims on what this entails already exist, more details are required to understand the exact nature of responsible application of AI within the first response domain. The context in which AI systems are applied largely determines the ethical, legal, and societal impact and how to deal with this impact responsibly. For that reason, we empirically investigate relevant human values that are affected by the introduction of a specific AI-based Decision Aid (AIDA), a decision support system under development for Fire Services in the Netherlands. We held 10 expert group sessions and discussed the impact of AIDA on different stakeholders. This paper presents the design and implementation of the study and, as we are still in process of analyzing the sessions in detail, summarizes preliminary insights and steps forward.Interactive Intelligenc
Towards time-based architectural strategy: Interpretation of metabolism under the scope of circular design
No full textMetabolism as the avant-garde architectural movement in Japan, reflects the thinking for the future toward changes, new technology, and social resilience by the 1960s Japanese architects. The movement is deeply rooted in the Japanese Buddhist belief based on reincarnation and architectural tradition based on dismantling.From a functional point of view, ‘Metabolism’ emphasizes the flexibility or adaptability of buildings over time. In the view of materialization, ‘metabolism’ puts forward the idea of returning the material back to the economic cycle or return to nature. We see similarities in the concept of circular design, which also aims at making the building future-proof throughout its material life cycle.Though the two movements share a high level of similarity in terms of initial concept and strategy, we turn to think about what the inspiration from metabolism would be under the scope of circular design nowadays at the architectural level. At the same time, we see that a new generation of architects is still drawing from the lessons of the Metabolists. They diverge from the fetish of megastructures to more human-associated and mobility aspects of Metabolism. By analyzing projects from Japanese architects Ryue Nishizawa from SANAA and Sou Fujimoto, this thesis aims to study the interpretation of metabolism in the current context at the architectural scale, focusing on how this philosophical concept gets reflected in architectural design, structure, and materialization.AR2A011Architectural History ThesisArchitecture, Urbanism and Building Science
Decentralized project delivery on the crypto commons: Conceptualization, governance mechanisms, and future research directions
No full textThis paper presents a first conceptualization for decentralized project delivery through the combination of blockchain technology and common pool resource governance theory, also known as the ”crypto commons”. While previous literature on project delivery models identifies the use of decentralized governance, there is not yet a holistic conceptualization nor a specific overview of governance applications that can be applied. To develop the concept, we use a literature review to synthesize fourteen blockchain governance mechanisms useful for managing the crypto-commons. Subsequently, we use systematic combining to identify twenty-two specific applications for decentralized project delivery in the construction industry, one of the largest project-based industries. Each application is briefly reviewed, and examples of their relevance to realize decentralized project delivery models are provided. We discuss the potential for novel forms of project delivery, but also the need for future research on the applications, as well as on the system level implications, the system design challenges, and the implementation barriers in the specific context of the construction industry. Overall, the concepts and mechanisms presented provide a theoretical foundation upon which future researchers can use to design novel decentralized project delivery models.Design & Construction Managemen
Addressing CO2 Electrolysis Challenges with Novel Ion-exchange Membranes
No full textAs a response to climate change, substantial efforts are being made to achieve global net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by the year of 2050, as established by the Paris agreement. To decrease reliance on fossil fuels, we are transitioning to renewable energies and electrifying various sectors. However, certain segments of the global supply chain will still require carbon-based chemicals and energy carriers. CO2 electrolysis allows the use renewable electricity to electrochemically reduce air-captured CO2, producing chemical building blocks such as CO, ethylene and formate. These chemicals can then be converted into larger hydrocarbons, e.g. into synthetic diesel using the Fischer-Tropsch process. In this way, CO2 electrolysis can aid in closing the carbon cycle by converting CO2 emissions into valuable chemicals and fuels. Despite its promise, a few hurdles still hamper the industrialization of CO2 electrolysis. These are the relatively low energy efficiency, salt deposition, the inefficient use of CO2 due to carbonate cross-over and the necessity of scarce iridium-based anode catalysts. Most of the mentioned challenges can potentially be solved by novel, or optimized ionexchange membranes (IEMs) - these have a pivotal role in the process since they provide a conductive medium to selectively transport ions between the electrodes. Increasing the IEM’s ionic conductivity and permselectivity can increase the energy efficiency of the process and decrease cation cross-over and therefore salt deposition. Furthermore, an OH– selective membrane which rejects other anions such as carbonate, can potentially solve the carbonate-cross over issue. In this way, the goal of this work is to develop novel IEMs to address each of the challenges tied with CO2 electrolysis...ChemE/Transport Phenomen
Effectively Applying Maritime Fuel Cell Systems Operating on Alternative Fuels
No full textMarine Technology | Marine Engineerin
Self-organizing voltage regulation in the distribution networks: Insights into planning, operation and validation
No full textGlobal energy trends are experiencing a significant shift characterized by a growing movement toward the integration of Distributed Renewable Energy Sources (DRES), such as wind and solar energy, into the power grid. Accelerated by technological advancements and supportive policy initiatives, this transition aims to reduce our reliance on fossil fuels, promote local energy generation, and improve energy security. However, the extensive penetration of DRES into the power grid presents its unique set of challenges.A big challenge associated with the integration of DRES is their innate intermittency and unpredictability, which induce fluctuations in power availability and demand. Such fluctuations could lead to voltage instability, frequency deviations, and general power quality problems within the power grid. Moreover, the traditional power grid, which is largely unidirectional in design, cannot manage the bidirectional power flow resulting from DRES integration. As a result, ensuring the stability and reliability of the power grid becomes essential with the widespread integration of DRES. Furthermore, incorporating DRES requires innovative grid planning and operation methodologies to optimize resources and prevent potential congestion. Motivated by these challenges, this thesis develops and implements the method on identifying the main barriers to increasing the integration of DRES in distribution networks (DN) and developing the solution that can enable high DRES penetration levels in power grids, thereby supporting the transition to a future 100\% renewable energy system. This thesis provides a solution for three critical phases for future smart power grids: planning, operation, and validation.Planning phase: The thesis introduces a stochastic simulation-based approach to assess DRES penetration levels and the capacity requirements for the central Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) in DNs while ensuring technical constraints. The stochastic method creates a wide range of scenarios under various conditions. For each scenario, my proposed approach calculates the maximum allowable DRES penetration level and the required BESS capacity with different DRES control logic. The maximum allowable DRES penetration level and the BESS capacity requirements are then determined by analyzing various simulation results. The unique contribution lies in equipping distribution system operators (DSO) with the ability to compare results and select the most appropriate voltage control and power smoothing methods. This helps address the challenges associated with voltage violation and intermittency issues arising from DRES-generated power, thus improving the overall resilience and reliability of the power grid. Moreover, data analysis techniques are utilized to compare the efficacy of various local voltage and BESS control methodologies, offering valuable insights for network planners.Operation phase (DSO): Building on the foundational knowledge acquired in the planning phase about DRES high penetration level network, a novel algorithm is proposed to achieve optimal voltage regulation through the self-organizing actions of agents. This algorithm empowers distributed agents to coordinate and collaborate in real time to regulate voltage in DNs with high DRES penetration. The proposed method can minimize the number of agents involved in the voltage regulation and the change of required power for voltage regulation, which together minimizes the need for re-dispatching, i.e., the impact of voltage regulation on the exchange of energy. Moreover, the proposed method performs online optimization, i.e., the value of the decision variable is physically implemented as a controller set-point at each iteration, which reduces the response time. The presented algorithm is benchmarked against the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) algorithm and centralized optimization to validate its efficiency.Operation phase (Energy community): While coordinating DRES strategies from the grid's viewpoint is vital, it's equally important to consider the energy management of energy communities. I propose a comprehensive four-stage energy management approach that employs receding-horizon optimization to stabilize power fluctuations in a residential energy community system. This system comprises a photovoltaic (PV) installation, a BESS, and a hydrogen system with an electrolyzer, a fuel cell, and a hydrogen storage. This innovative approach uniquely integrates four optimization stages, i.e., yearly, monthly, day-ahead, and intra-day. It blends long-term and short-term optimization techniques in EMS development to utilize hydrogen generated via electrolysis as seasonal storage. The introduced algorithm incorporates three modes with distinct objective functions for enhanced user adaptability. The approach is tested through simulations and operational analysis of an on-site PV–BESS–electrolyzer–fuel cell energy system field lab, including an in-depth analysis of system failure rates, system efficiency evaluation, and performance comparison across different modes of operation.Validation Phase: To make our research more hands-on and highlight the challenges of DRES, I developed a practical simulation tool named The Illuminator. The Illuminator helps illustrate the challenges of DRES integration, acts as a sandbox for testing new research concepts in real and nonreal time, and allows real-world equipment simulations to check an algorithm before it is fully used. The Illuminator technology is primarily a modular software platform developed on a Raspberry Pi cluster. It is open-source, available on GitHub and developed in Python. The Illuminator comprises models of common energy technologies, such as PV panels, wind turbines, BESS, and hydrogen systems. The uniqueness of The Illuminator is in its modularity and flexibility to reconfigure scenarios and cases on the fly, even by non-experts in a plug-and-play fashion. I introduce The Illuminator and show its performance in two simple case studies.This research improves the collective understanding of DRES integration by developing practical tools and methodologies that can significantly influence the design and operation of future power grids. Consequently, it paves the way for a cleaner, more efficient, and reliable energy system.Intelligent Electrical Power Grid
Charting a new course in healthcare: early-stage AI algorithm registration to enhance trust and transparency
No full textAI holds the potential to transform healthcare, promising improvements in patient care. Yet, realizing this potential is hampered by over-reliance on limited datasets and a lack of transparency in validation processes. To overcome these obstacles, we advocate the creation of a detailed registry for AI algorithms. This registry would document the development, training, and validation of AI models, ensuring scientific integrity and transparency. Additionally, it would serve as a platform for peer review and ethical oversight. By bridging the gap between scientific validation and regulatory approval, such as by the FDA, we aim to enhance the integrity and trustworthiness of AI applications in healthcare.Information and Communication TechnologyEthics & Philosophy of Technolog
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