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Ontstaan en ontwikkeling van arbeiderswoningen in gemeente Amsterdam gedurende einde 19de en begin 20ste eeuw
No full textDe ontwikkeling van arbeiderswoningen in gemeente Amsterdam heeft veel doorgemaakt gedurende de 19de en 20ste eeuw. Onder andere eerste filantropische woningbouwverenigingen, de revolutiebouw, Woningwet uit 1901 en de Noodwoningwet hierna. Door Per tijdsblok te onderzoeken naar zowel de gemeentelijke en nationale schaal wordt hierna case studies geanalyseerd om een beeld van de ontwikkeling te geven.AR2A011Architectural History ThesisArchitecture, Urbanism and Building Science
Flight Path Optimization for Airborne Wind Energy Applications Using Multiple Tethered Aircrafts
No full textArchival Challenges for the Van Nelle Factory: Documenting Twenty Years of a World Heritage Property's Redevelopment
No full textMarking the anniversary of the redevelopment of the Van Nelle Factory in Rotterdam, the related project archive was formally transferred to the Rotterdam City Archive in order to enable proper archival conservation and public accessibility of this essential documentation. This article sheds light on the documentation and redevelopment process of a modern World Heritage (WH) site and on the role of archives as an example for other protected heritage projects or sites.Heritage & Architectur
A Multi-Step Gaussian Process Learning Framework for Long-Horizon Vehicle Dynamics Prediction
No full textThis work introduces a novel training strategy for Gaussian Process (GP) models aimed at improving their predictive accuracy and uncertainty quantification capabilities over extended prediction horizons. This improvement is highly relevant for applications in model predictive control (MPC) in the autonomous driving domain. Learning-based MPC strategies typically rely on standard physics-based models augmented with GP models to account for residual nonlinearities and uncertainties not captured by the former. Nonetheless, these conventional approaches often struggle with long-term prediction accuracy, especially when faced with out-of-distribution scenarios, a phenomenon where the model encounters data points that are significantly divergent from the training set. To address these challenges, a multi-step Gaussian process training framework is proposed. This framework yields a GP model capable of making accurate long-term predictions, i.e. a multi-step Gaussian Process (MSGP) model. It achieves this by integrating the simulation of future dynamics into the training process, allowing for the model’s kernel parameters to be tuned toward long-term dynamics. As a result, the MSGP model not only demonstrated the ability to make more stable and accurate long-term dynamic predictions but also with greater confidence. The efficacy of the multistep training framework is shown by the significant improvements in long-horizon dynamics predictions by the MSGP model, achieving an average 19% reduction in mean error and a 90% reduction in variance compared to the standard GP model. Moreover, the efficacy of the MSGP model is further confirmed through its application in a Multi-Step Gaussian Process-based Model Predictive Contouring Controller (MSGP-MPCC), which outperforms a traditional GP-based MPCC (GP-MPCC) baseline controller in lap time and reliability, achieving a 100% success rate in completing laps across ten consecutive simulations without crashing.Mechanical Engineering | Vehicle Engineering | Cognitive Robotic
Validation of a turboprop cabin demonstrator
No full textTurboprop aircraft should be improved as they are more environmentally friendly aircraft compared to turbojet aircraft but noise and vibration are often too high for passengers. A simple and uncomplicated way to carry out experiments is using a demonstrator. To determine whether the demonstrator represents the reality, it must be validated. In this project, real flights were first conducted in a turboprop aircraft. During two 70-minute flights, 94 subjects answered questions about symptoms, mood or comfort levels related to noise and vibration, among other things. In the next step, investigations will be carried out in the demonstrator under the same conditions as the real flights. Both results will be compared with each other. If the data from the demonstrator corresponds to that of the real flights, the demonstrator is considered to have been successfully validated. The requirement for this is that the demonstrator data lies within the confidence intervals of the results from the real flights. The aim is to validate a full-scale on-ground demonstrator of a regional turboprop aircraft cabin that will be used for multiple tests like subject tests and comfort evaluation, composite materials and structures, systems and energy consumption.Emerging Material
Nanophotonics with Diamond Color Centers: Quantum Optics and Entanglement Protocols
No full textA large-scale quantum network, where many nodes are connected via entanglement and can share and process quantum information, will allow applications that are now unattainable. While some are known, ranging from distributed quantum computing to enhanced quantum sensing and quantum communication, the full potential of such a fundamentally new technology is yet to be discovered. Color centers in diamond, with their excellent optical properties, long spin coherence times, and versatile control over local nuclear spins, are a leading platform for building quantum network nodes and recently allowed crucial proof-of-principle experiments. Going beyond experiments and towards a large and functional network requires faster entanglement generation and a scalable architecture. Integration of color centers in nanophotonic structures paves the way to solving these challenges, enhancing the interface between the spins and photons that carry quantum information across the network. Furthermore, combining diamond nanophotonic devices with integrated photonic and electronic circuits is a promising way to realize a large-scale quantum system. This thesis is about integrated spin-photon interfaces in diamonds and how to generate entanglement between them and includes experimental and theoretical results toward this goal.First, we introduce the Group-IV color centers in diamond, which thanks to their symmetry properties are robust against electric field noise and compatible with integration in nano-scale structures. Focusing on the tin-vacancy (SnV) center, we discuss the main features and effects that play a role in its use as a spin-photon interface. We then present experimental results going from the fabrication and characterization of bulk diamond samples with SnV centers to the integration in nanophotonic waveguides, where we show stable and coherent optical lines and measure the extinction of the transmission signal caused by a single SnV center with contrast up to 35%. Then, we investigate the interaction between a single SnV center and a weak coherent light field in a single-mode waveguide. We perform spectroscopy of the transmitted and reflected signals, and demonstrate the single-photon nature of the interaction by measuring the effect on the photon statistics in both fields. Finally, we introduce a theoretical framework for photon-mediated entanglement generation protocols between spin-based quantum systems. This allows us to understand, categorize, and construct entanglement protocols in terms of abstract building blocks, that can be combined with hardware modeling for a more detailed description of the protocols. To showcase the framework, we analyze three different entanglement protocols, considering silicon-vacancy (SiV) centers coupled to photonic crystal cavities as the hardware, and we quantitatively compare them using a software package built to match the structure of the framework.QID/Hanson La
Universal Basic Income: the future of social welfare?: Trade-off between acceptance of Universal Basic Income, labor participation, budget neutrality and poverty reduction in the Netherlands
No full textThe primary objective is to explore the relationship between support for Universal Basic Income (latterly referred to as UBI), labor participation, and poverty reduction in the Netherlands across various financial policies. The research also seeks to examine the behavioral responses of Dutch citizens to UBI policies, considering potential benefits beyond mere financial aspects such as education, health, and volunteerism. Ultimately, the study aims to offer policy recommendations regarding UBI based on its findings.To address these objectives, the study analyzes the impact of UBI on recipients' disposable income. Support for UBI and its influence on labor participation are investigated using conjoint analysis, which involves varying attributes such as the value of UBI per adult, UBI per child, changes in the taxation system, and modifications in allowances. Additionally, the study employs a traditional survey to gauge respondents' intentions regarding the use of time and money under two proposed UBI policies: mid-UBI and high-UBI. Furthermore, the effect of UBI on poverty is assessed by examining marginal taxation rate tables from prior research, testing five different UBI policies to determine their impact on household incomes and changes in marginal tax rates.The findings of this study reveal mixed effects on both labor participation and support for UBI, with an average of a slight overall increase. However, there is variability in the results, with both positive and negative values present within the confidence intervals. Notably, single parents and individuals receiving welfare payments demonstrate increased labor participation across their entire confidence intervals, despite lacking support for UBI. This discrepancy can be attributed to the fact that single adult households and single parents tend to fare poorly under UBI, facing heightened poverty risks. Conversely, UBI appears to be beneficial in boosting disposable income for multi-adult households, positioning them as the primary beneficiaries of this policy.To ensure the success of UBI, a shift in policy is imperative, moving away from incentivizing individual living— a trend that has been increasingly prominent in the Netherlands. As an initial step, UBI can be introduced modestly with a taxable monthly amount of 210 euros per month per adult, supplemented by 300 euros per month per child, and bolstered by the provision of rent allowances and free childcare. This approach aims to augment the disposable income of households earning up to 60,000 euros in gross income, without adversely affecting higher-income earners. Notably, this policy adjustment also serves to reduce marginal taxation rates from levels sometimes exceeding 100\% to a more manageable 69\%.To progress towards higher UBI values per adult, further research is warranted into inefficient tax deductions, potential increases in income tax, considerations around land value and property tax, and the reallocation of governmental employees. Based on the findings of these investigations, UBI could be incrementally increased to 630 euros per month per adult, at which point the rent allowance may be phased out. At the threshold of 630 euros per month, significant enhancements in quality of life are expected to ripple across the population. These improvements encompass a reduction in stress levels, augmented accessibility to healthcare services, the empowerment to opt for healthier dietary options, and an enhanced ability to save among low and middle-income earners in the Netherlands. Building on these gains, the trajectory of UBI can be extended towards a higher benchmark of 1200 euros per month per adult. This upward progression aims to unlock additional benefits, including a more optimal allocation of jobs within the Dutch populace and further mitigation of marginal taxation rates towards levels akin to standard income tax rates.Engineering and Policy Analysi
Advancing the local climate zones framework: A critical review of methodological progress, persisting challenges, and future research prospects
No full textThe local climate zones (LCZs) classification system has emerged as a more refined method for assessing the urban heat island (UHI) effect. However, few researchers have conducted systematic critical reviews and summaries of the research on LCZs, particularly regarding significant advancements of this field in recent years. This paper aims to bridge this gap in scientific research by systematically reviewing the evolution, current status, and future trends of LCZs framework research. Additionally, it critically assesses the impact of the LCZs classification system on climate-responsive urban planning and design. The findings of this study highlight several key points. First, the challenge of large-scale, efficient, and accurate LCZs mapping persists as a significant issue in LCZs research. Despite this challenge, the universality, simplicity, and objectivity of the LCZs framework make it a promising tool for a wide range of applications in the future, especially in the realm of climate-responsive urban planning and design. In conclusion, this study makes a substantial contribution to the advancement of LCZs research and advocates for the broader adoption of this framework to foster sustainable urban development. Furthermore, it offers valuable insights for researchers and practitioners engaged in this field.Design & Construction Managemen