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Stigma associated with early-onset type 2 diabetes: A secondary qualitative analysis
No full textAbstract
Objectives
Diabetes‐related stigma has been previously investigated in people with type 1 diabetes and older people with type 2 diabetes. However, stigma in early‐onset type 2 diabetes (EOT2D) remains understudied, despite increasing prevalence and the unique characteristics of this population. Hence, this study aimed to explore perceptions and experiences of stigma in people living with EOT2D, from the perspectives of people living with EOT2D and HCPs who have work in EOT2D care.
Design
Secondary qualitative analysis of semi‐structured interviews.
Methods
Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 25 young adults with EOT2D and 25 HCPs. Data were analysed using inductive reflexive thematic analysis and subsequently presented using a framework for understanding diabetes‐related stigma.
Results
Findings highlight causes, experiences, and consequences of stigma in EOT2D, in addition to potential mitigating strategies. The media, healthcare professionals and others perpetuate stigma, underpinned by misconceptions that type 2 diabetes is self‐inflicted, and attitudes of blame. PEOT2D experience judgement and harmful stereotypes, including ‘fat’, ‘unhealthy’, ‘lazy’, and type 2 diabetes being an ‘old‐person's disease’. Psychological consequences of stigma were reported, including self‐blame, embarrassment, and shame, leading to behavioural consequences of non‐disclosure and reluctance to seek help. Education, raising awareness, and non‐judgemental communication were highlighted as strategies to minimize stigma and its consequences.
Conclusions
Stigma is highly pervasive in the lives of young adults living with EOT2D and can cause harmful consequences. Given the increased risk of physiological and psychological complications in this population, efforts to reduce stigma in EOT2D should be prioritized
Perceived Mental and Physical Fatigue, Stress and Recovery, and Workload in Masters Athletes Pre‐ and Post‐Sailing Competition
No full textABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to examine the effect of sailing competition on perceived mental fatigue and physical fatigue, stress and recovery, and workload for Masters athletes, and to explore the underlying modulating factors of perceptual fatigue. Using a cross‐sectional study design, 22 Masters athletes competing in the 2023 Oceania and Australian Laser Masters Championships completed a survey 48 h prior to and following the competition. The survey asked sailors to report on their perceived mental fatigue and physical fatigue (Visual Analogue Scales), stress and recovery (Short Recovery and Stress Scale), workload (NASA Task Load Index), and modulators of mental fatigue and physical fatigue. Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Tests were used to assess differences before and after the competition period. Mental fatigue and physical fatigue significantly increased due to the sailing competition, and this was accompanied by significant increases in stress and workload, and reduced recovery. Weather and complex decision making were identified as important modulators of perceptual fatigue during competition with weather having a larger influence on physical fatigue than mental fatigue. In conclusion, findings indicate a potential relationship between sailing competition and athletes perceived levels of mental and physical fatigue, and this is underpinned by changes in stress, recovery, and workload. Practitioners are encouraged to use self‐report measures to monitor these mechanisms and inform the development of individualised interventions that holistically manage perceptual outcomes
Merging Location in Work Zones: A Comparison of Slow and Fast Lane Closures
No full textLane closure operations in highway work zones use both slow lane closures (SLCs) and fast lane closures (FLC), requiring drivers to perform two different merging maneuvers. While the merging location of vehicles can derive valuable insights on driver merging behavior, there is limited understanding available in the literature about merging locations in these two types of lane closures. To address this gap, this paper presents results from an observational study of two work zones in New South Wales, Australia. Videos of merging events were collected from a SLC and a FLC and processed using an automated image processing tool to compare the merging locations of vehicles in these two setups. The effects of vehicle type and platoon characteristics on merging locations were analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis. The results showed that late merging cases were more common at SLC compared to FLC. Type of merging vehicle, order of merging vehicle
in platoon, and the type of leading vehicle were found to significantly influence the merging location of SLC, while order in platoon was not found to be a significant
factor for FLC. These findings suggest that the type of lane closure configuration should be considered in the design of temporary traffic controls to ensure safe and
efficient merging events.</p
How do nutrition interventions targeting parents with young children address parental food literacy? A systematic review
No full textHow do nutrition interventions targeting parents with young children address parental food literacy? A systematic revie
Creating health-enabling supermarkets in Australia: using the <i>Store Scout App </i>in health promotion practice
No full textIntroduction: Food retail outlets represent a setting where a healthy diet can be promoted. Community public health practitioners need user-friendly tools to collect real-time data, engage with local food retailers, and customise health-enabling initiatives in supermarkets. We aimed to examine the distribution and variation of Store Scout App (SS-App) scores to demonstrate the influence of health-enabling changes within the participant supermarkets. Methods: Data were collected from 10 supermarkets (5 implementation, 5 control) using the SS-App. The SS-App is a decision-support tool that evaluates health-promoting store practices and provides real-time feedback to retailers. Data were collected through a series of dichotomous (yes/no) questions related to the App’s 4Ps of marketing: Promotion, Price, Product, and Placement. The Reach for the Stars program included promotional and informational materials based on the health star rating of healthier products. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test the effects of time group (implementation vs. control) and their interaction on overall mean SS-App scores within the study arm. Results: SS-App scores improved from pre- to post-implementation (p<0.01). A larger increase in SS-App scores was observed in the implementation group (M = 8.7, SD = 3.7) compared to the control group (M = 1.4, SD = 6.1), (t(8) = -2.28, p <0.05). Conclusions: The SS-App was key in implementing the program by ensuring stores aligned with its goals and objectives, supporting and enhancing retailer participation and sustained engagement.</p
Is HRM Missing in Action? A Case Study Approach to Sexual Harassment in Mining
No full textABSTRACT
In focusing on the contextual aspects of human resource management (HRM), this special issue provides the opportunity to explore HRM in a more nuanced and layered way, as a lived experience that is often overlooked in the academic field of HRM. The paper examines the moral role and responsibility of HRM within organisations. Traditionally, the role of HRM has been on balancing the expectations of the organisation and the well‐being of the employee. However, with the strategic shift of HRM to a more managerialist or strategic partner focus, this has created a subtle but important divergence in how the organisation balances these issues, through its principles, policies and practices. We argue that this shift has the potential to create a lack of checks and balances in the system that becomes apparent when issues or incidents are not addressed but gain momentum due to a lack of (HRM) safeguards. We have titled this ‘HRM missing in action’ as a term exposing HR's lack of input into encouraging management to act in the best interests of all stakeholders and stop negating the responsibility to be the moral compass of the organisation. Using the taxonomy of rhetoric and deceit as a frame, we examine the contemporary issue of sexual harassment in the mining industry. We identify that there is a clear argument to be made that at times HRM is missing in its responsibilities to support employees
n - 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids mediate hyodeoxycholic acid-FXR signaling to ameliorate metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease
No full textn - 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids mediate hyodeoxycholic acid-FXR signaling to ameliorate metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver diseas
Reporting Definitions of Health Literacy in Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Resources: A Scoping Review
No full textABSTRACT
Issue Addressed
Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (Indigenous) peoples experience many inequalities in health status and outcomes compared to non‐Indigenous Australians. Given the strong association between health literacy and health status and outcomes, exploring definitions from an Indigenous perspective is critical to understanding what skills and attributes contribute to the development and maintenance of health literacy among Indigenous Australians. This scoping review sought to identify and describe definitions for health literacy found in health and wellbeing studies involving Indigenous Australians and how those definitions informed resource development in these populations.
Methods
A scoping review was conducted using Arksey and O'Malley's framework with the modifications recommended by Levac et al. MEDLINE, CINAHL, Emcare, ERIC, Informit and Scopus databases were searched for eligible studies with no restrictions on language or year of publication. The inclusion criteria were that studies required to be full‐text peer‐reviewed journal articles and empirical studies focused on culturally safe health literacy with Australian Indigenous peoples.
Results
Eighteen studies published between 2012 and 2022 met the inclusion criteria. Three of the studies defined health literacy and acknowledged how it assists Indigenous peoples to access and understand health‐related information, aiding in their ability to make informed decisions about their health. In the remaining studies, no explicit definition of health literacy was provided; however, they each described various strategies Indigenous peoples learned to incorporate health information into decisions about health and wellbeing. Three themes within the included studies were identified: underlying health literacy problems, misaligned Western medical practices and difficulties accessing culturally appropriate services.
Conclusion
While many of the studies included in this review reported adaptations of health literacy resources for Indigenous Australians, none of the health literacy definitions reflect the worldview of Indigenous Australians. This review highlights the lack of culturally safe definitions of health literacy informing the development of resources for improving health literacy in Indigenous populations. Definitions of health literacy must include cultural perspectives for future health resource development, including the understanding of health literacy through an Indigenous lens.
So What?
This review provides a summary of definitions of health literacy found in the literature reporting on the development of health resources for Indigenous Australians. These definitions are limited to Western notions of health literacy and therefore may be deemed culturally unsafe for Indigenous Australians. In order to improve health literacy for this population, culturally safe definitions are required to inform resource development. Further co‐designed research that privileges the perspectives of Indigenous Australians is warranted to improve health literacy in this population.</p
Personality and Cognitive Ability: A Critical Review and Meta-Analytic Synthesis
No full textPersonality and Cognitive Ability: A Critical Review and Meta-Analytic Synthesi
A fine-grained task scheduling strategy for resource auto-scaling over fluctuating data streams
No full textA fine-grained task scheduling strategy for resource auto-scaling over fluctuating data streams</p