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Flow in mind, flow in fingers: parallelism in written language production
Full text linkLanguage production is known to operate on different levels of representation. ‘Flow’ in writing results from parallelism in the coordination of subsequent planning units. In this article we discuss three points arising from Roeser et al. (2025b): (1) parallel processing results in non-additive effects; (2) study of the production of multisentence texts permits testing of questions around how language production is co-ordinated in real time, and, more generally; and (3) statistical models must closely align with what we know about the cognitive process of what is being studied
Nottingham Law School. Encouraging a diverse legal profession: response to the LSB
Full text linkThis is the response of Nottingham Law School to the Legal Services Board's consultation on diversity in the legal professions
Cognitive associations of orthographic knowledge and spelling in children with Developmental Language Disorder
No full textChildren with Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) often have difficulties with spelling. Orthographic knowledge, which can be separated into general and specific orthographic knowledge, is a key source of information in long term memory children draw upon to make accurate spelling attempts. This paper reports findings from a study aimed to assess whether children’s orthographic knowledge is associated with spelling when vocabulary and working memory have been considered. Forty-three children with DLD and forty-three typically developing children matched for chronological age took part in the study, completing a battery of measures assessing working memory, vocabulary, orthographic knowledge, spelling (real word and pseudoword spelling). Regression analyses were conducted to measure the variation that individual differences in orthographic knowledge accounted for in spelling outcome measures. Results suggest that children with DLD relied more on working memory when making spelling attempts. Typically, developing children were able to utilise orthographic awareness or draw more from their mental lexicon. The results align with an account where children with DLD either have less well specified orthographic knowledge or are less able to access this knowledge when making spelling attempts
A novel approach for enhancing the sustainability of off-grid photovoltaic solar systems using a low-cost hybrid battery-thermal storage
No full textOral evidence to Parliamentary Justice Committee on Access to Justice
No full textOral evidence to Parliamentary Justice Committee on Access to Justice stemming from report Regulatory Leadership on Access to Justice, written evidence to this committee and 3 policy brief
Are you on the internet or using screen-based devices? Revisiting the concepts of ‘internet addiction’ and ‘smartphone addiction’
Full text linkThe concept of ‘internet addiction’ was introduced in the 1990s and has increasingly been recognized as a clinical and public health issue. Although umbrella terms can be useful for screening, theoretical considerations, and intervention planning, the term itself has received criticism because of its conceptual heterogeneity, implying an addiction to a medium and not including a wide range of problematic behavioral patterns that are below the diagnostic threshold of a clinical disorder. To address this criticism, we propose adopting the term ‘problematic use’ instead of ‘addiction’. Furthermore, we argue that while ‘problematic usage of the internet’ is currently a useful umbrella term, recent technological advancements and increasing online presence may in the future require a conceptual and methodological shift in terminology from ‘internet’ to the more specific ‘screen-based devices’ or ‘screens’ that would enable more accurate assessment and intervention strategies. Terms focusing on specific devices, such as ‘smartphone addiction,’ should also be used with caution, as problematic use relates to applications rather than the hardware itself and may extend to various devices
Bioinspired auxetic metamaterial liners and sockets for transtibial prostheses: energy absorption and stress redistribution
Full text linkProsthetic comfort depends on how the residual limb, liner, and socket share load. A crab-inspired auxetic metamaterial is introduced and applied to transtibial liners and sockets, with region-specific and fully auxetic variants benchmarked against conventional interfaces. Patient CT/3D scans guided anatomically targeted components. Auxetic lattices were additively manufactured in TPU (liners) and PA-12 (sockets). Cyclic compression experiments calibrated material models, and finite-element analyses quantified interface stresses and energy metrics. Across four sensitive liner regions, a four-zone auxetic TPU liner cut peak von Mises stresses by up to 60 %, and a fully auxetic liner by up to 65 %, relative to silicone/EL50 baselines. In sockets, a PA-12 design with two auxetic zones reduced peak stresses by ∼40–45 % versus ABS, while a fully auxetic socket achieved ∼80 % reductions with higher specific energy absorption. These findings indicate that bioinspired auxetics, integrated where anatomy needs compliance, improve pressure redistribution and mass-efficient energy management. The workflow from imaging to lattice design, printing, testing, and simulation was validated and is compatible with multi-jet fusion, enabling patient-specific prosthetic interfaces suitable for clinical translation