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The past, present, and future of travel and tourism literature: Insights from a bibliometric review
No full textPurpose – This study identifies and maps the past, present, and future of travel and tourism
literature by drawing insights from a bibliometric analysis of papers from the Scopus database.
The study has two objectives: (i) to explore and identify the different theoretical characteristic
of extant travel and tourism literature, (ii) to identify emerging research trends, gaps, and
potential future research areas in travel and tourism literature.
Methodology/Design/Approach - Meta-data for 15,647 peer-reviewed articles, published
across 2104 journals, was downloaded from Scopus, with the bibliometric software
VOSviewer used to analyze, map, and visualize publication trends therein.
Findings – Analysis revealed the identification of burgeoning research areas, setting agendas
for future work within the travel and tourism domain. To understand the evolution of key
research themes over time in travel and tourism, we identified major and minor themes using
a period-wise thematic analysis.
Originality of the research – By analysing publication patterns, collaboration networks, and
citation impact, we provide a comprehensive overview of knowledge dissemination and
collaborative dynamics within the travel and tourism community. Our study also provides a
significant contextual contributions to travel and tourism literature by exploring the evolution
of dominant themes and their temporal growth
Hypertension and sports activity
No full textSAŽETAK
Ovaj pregledni rad analizira složen odnos između arterijske hipertenzije i sporta, obuhvaćajući ključne aspekte zastupljenosti, rizičnih čimbenika i strategija liječenja. Hipertenzija je vodeći uzrok kardiovaskularnih (KV) bolesti i smrtnosti, a, iako redovita tjelesna aktivnost najčešće ima kardioprotektivni učinak, određene sportske discipline i životne navike mogu dovesti do povišenja vrijednosti arterijskoga tlaka (AT) u sportaša. U ovom ćemo radu istaknuti ulogu izometrijskoga treninga, povišene tjelesne mase te primjene sredstava za poboljšanje sportskih performansi kao čimbenika koji pridonose povećanom riziku. Nadalje, razmotrit ćemo posljedice povišenog AT-a na sportske aktivnosti i uspješnost u sportu te na dugoročno KV zdravlje tjelesno aktivnih osoba. Raspravit ćemo i o dijagnostičkim izazovima, uz naglasak na ograničenja rutinskih mjerenja i potrebu za primjenom naprednih dijagnostičkih metoda, poput 24-satnog ambulantnog mjerenja arterijskoga tlaka. Predstavit ćemo najnovije europske smjernice kao okvir za pravilnu dijagnozu i procjenu rizika od hipertenzije u sportaša. Terapijski pristup uključuje prije svega intervencije u životnom stilu i navikama, kao što su promjene prehrambenih navika, smanjenje stresa i individualno prilagođeni programi tjelesne aktivnosti. Kada je nužno, farmakološko se liječenje preporučuje uz pažljivo uzimanje u obzir postojećih antidopinških propisa i mogućih učinaka na sportsku uspješnost. U ovom radu naglašavamo i važnost individualiziranoga pristupa u zbrinjavanju hipertenzije u sportaša te zagovaramo multidisciplinarni model skrbi koji integrira stručnost u područjima medicine, nutricionizma i sportskog treniranja. Sažimajući trenutačne podatke i znanje, cilj je rada pružiti praktične smjernice kliničarima koji se skrbe o sportašima i osobama koje se redovito bave tjelesnom aktivnošću da bi im se omogućilo bolje razumijevanje i učinkovitije liječenje hipertenzije u ovoj populaciji.SUMMARY
This summary article reviews the complex relationship between hypertension and sports, addressing key aspects of prevalence, risk factors, and management strategies. Hypertension is a leading cause of cardiovascular disease and mortality, and while regular exercise generally provides cardioprotective effects, certain sports disciplines and lifestyle choices may elevate blood pressure (BP) levels in athletes. The article highlights the role of isometric training, high body mass, and the use of performance-enhancing substances as contributors to increased risk. Additionally, it explores the implications of high BP on both athletic performance and long-term cardiovascular health in physically active patients. Diagnostic challenges are discussed, emphasizing the limitations of routine measurements and the need for advanced tools such as ambulatory BP monitoring. Updated European guidelines are presented as a framework for accurate hypertension diagnosis and risk assessment among athletes. Management approaches prioritize lifestyle interventions, including dietary changes, stress reduction, and tailored exercise programs. When necessary, pharmacological treatments are recommended with careful consideration of doping regulations and potential impacts on athletic performance. This article underscores the importance of individualized care in addressing hypertension in athletes, advocating for a multidisciplinary approach that integrates medical, nutritional, and training expertise. By consolidating current evidence, the article aims to provide practical guidance for clinicians, treating athletes and patients with regular physical activities, to better understand and manage hypertension in this population
Bayesian inference for integrated pharmacokinetic modelling of mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine
No full textBackground and purpose: Mitragynine is an active compound in kratom that is metabolized to the pharmacologically active 7-hydroxymitragynine, requiring an integrated pharmacokinetic approach to maintain plasma concentrations of both within the optimal range. This study aims to develop an integrated pharmacokinetic model of mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine using Bayesian inference. Experimental approach: A secondary dataset of mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine in healthy human plasma was extracted and used to construct a two-compartment pharmacokinetic model upon oral administration. Initial parameter estimation was performed using a deterministic model fit to determine prior parameters. Bayesian inference was performed using Hamiltonian Monte Carlo across four independent chains, each with 2,000 iterations. Key results: The prior distribution estimation indicated that the Markov Chain Monte Carlo chain had converged and attained stationarity, yielding many independent effective samples. In general, no correlation between pharmacokinetic parameters was found due to modelling errors. The posterior predictive check plot confirmed a good fit between the model and the data. Pharmacokinetic simulations of repeated administration have been successfully developed and used to predict essential parameters in repeated administration, such as accumulation factors, maximum plasma concentration, time to maximum concentration, minimum plasma concentration, and area under the curve. Conclusion: The pharmacokinetics of mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine were successfully modelled simultaneously with two compartments and proportional residuals using Bayesian inference with high accuracy
Immunohistochemical detection and localisation of prion protein in brain tissue of cattle, sheep and goats
No full textThe misfolding of the cellular prion protein into its pathogenic isoform prion—a proteinaceous infectious particle-causes fatal neurodegenerative diseases. These prion diseases are classified as transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, which may arise from genetic mutations, infectious transmission or sporadic occurrence. They are characterised by protein aggregation and progressive neurodegeneration. In humans, prion diseases include Kuru, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker-Syndrome, and fatal familial insomnia. In animals, they include atypical and classical scrapie in sheep and goats, atypical and classical bovine spongiform encephalopathy, also known as “mad cow disease”, and chronic wasting disease in cervids. Although the mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration and the role of neuroinflammation in these disorders remain insufficiently understood, characteristic features include spongiform changes, neuronal loss, gliosis, and accumulation of the pathogenic isoform of the prion. To date, there is no reliable ante mortem diagnostic test for these encephalopathies. The diagnosis is confirmed postmortem, and immunohistochemistry is one of the key diagnostic techniques. This review article summarises the available research data about prion diseases, focusing on the detection and localisation of the pathogenic isoform of the prion protein in brain tissue of cattle, sheep, and goats using immunohistochemical analysis
Reliability and performance evaluation of retrial repairable systems with an unreliable repairer using the GSPN model
Get PDFGeneralized Stochastic Petri Nets () are widely used in reliability analysis to model and optimize the dependability of complex systems, enabling assessments of availability, failure probabilities, and repair processes through stochastic timing. This study investigates a repairable redundant retrial system incorporating warm and cold standbys and an unreliable repairer through a Generalized Stochastic Petri Nets. The repairer experiences both active (during repair) and passive (idle) breakdowns. Component and repairer lifetimes are exponentially distributed. A component that fails undergoes immediate repair if the repairer is available; otherwise, it enters a retrial orbit. A Continuous Time Markov Chain () derived from the model yields steady state probabilities and availability. System reliability and time to first failure are then determined via Laplace transforms. Numerical examples demonstrate the system reliability performance
A negotiation method for cooperative collision avoidance between ships in mixed navigation scenarios: model construction, strategy driving, and unilateral learning
Get PDFWith the gradual development of Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS), sea traffic is expected to remain in mixed navigation scenarios where autonomous and conventional ships operate concurrently. General collision avoidance methods and autonomous algorithms resolve encounter situations independently, but disparities in decision-making logic and approaches leave uncoordinated collision risks. This study constructs a bilateral negotiation model that enables autonomous and conventional ships to resolve uncoordinated collision avoidance through negotiation. The Zeuthen strategy is applied to ensure convergence and consensus in bargaining, while unilateral Bayesian learning is embedded to allow autonomous ships to estimate relevant information from conventional ships for improved negotiation capacity. The method exploits the computational capability of autonomous ships while imposing only lightweight information exchange requirements on conventional ships. Simulation experiments in representative mixed navigation scenarios demonstrate that the method resolves previously uncoordinated encounters, eliminates unnecessary evasive maneuvers by autonomous ships, and significantly improves overall navigational safety. This research addresses the limited studies on collaborative collision avoidance in such scenarios, reduces unnecessary active avoidance by autonomous ships, enhances the safety of decision-making for heterogeneous fleets, and provides a reference for the design and optimization of mixed navigation methods
