Hrčak - Portal of scientific journals of Croatia
Not a member yet
321498 research outputs found
Sort by
From bedside monitors to mobile technology: a modern approach to cardiac patient monitoring
No full textLow Back Pain and Neck Pain in Children and Adolescents: Prevalence, Risk Factors, Evaluation, Differential Diagnosis and Treatment
No full textPrevalencija križobolje i vratobolje bilježi sve veći porast u djece i adolescenata. U posljednje je vrijeme prvenstveno dokumentirana njihova povezanost sa sedentarnim načinom života, inaktivnosti, prekomjernom tjelesnom masom, pretilošću, lumbalnom hiperlordozom, nošenjem teških školskih torbi i psihosocijalnim poteškoćama. S druge strane, intenzivna sportska aktivnost u djece i adolescenta ne smije se zanemariti kao potencijalni čimbenik rizika. Križobolja u ovoj dobi predstavlja snažan prediktor za razvoj kroniciteta. Nespecifična križobolja najčešće se dijagnosticira, a definira se kao bol lokalizirana kaudalno od stražnjeg rebrenog luka i kranijalno od donje glutealne brazde s iradijacijom simptoma u donje ekstremitete ili bez iridacije, bez jasnog nociceptivnog uzroka. Spondiloliza, spondilolisteza, Scheuermannova bolest, apofizitis ilijačnog grebena i progresivna skolioza neki su od najčešćih uzroka kroničnih bolova. U vratnoj kralješnici uslijed prolongirane antefleksije glave i vrata zbog veće izloženosti zaslonima mobilnih telefona razvija se klaster simptoma, u literaturi poznat pod pojmom sindrom text neck, koji pridonosi ranijoj degeneraciji intervertebralnog diska. Među specifičnim, iako rijetkim uzrocima akutne križobolje/vratobolje jesu: osteomijelitis, intervertebralni discitis, fraktura kralješka, maligni tumor, septički sakroileitis, epiduralni apsces i transverzalni mijelitis. U identificiranju pojedinih tipova križobolje anamnestički podatci na koje se mora posebno obratiti pozornost, jesu: priroda, lokalizacija, vremenski slijed boli i “crvene zastavice”. Radiološka obrada indicira se ovisno o diferencijalnoj dijagnozi, težini i trajanju kliničkih simptoma i znakova. Za bolove benignog karaktera preporučuje se kraći period relativnog mirovanja, uz terapijske vježbe. Uz individualno strukturirane terapijske vježbe liječenje uznapredovanih skolioza i kifoza provodi se ortozama i kirurški.The prevalence of low back pain (LBP) and neck pain has been an increasing healthcare concern among children and adolescents. Recently, the relationship between pain and being overweight, obesity, sedentary habits, lumbar hyperlordosis, physical activity lack, heavy school bags, and psychosocial difficulties have been outlined. However, vigorous sports activities should not be overlooked as a risk factor. At this age, LBP is a substantial predictor of chronic development. Non-specific LBP is most frequently diagnosed and is defined as pain localized caudal from the posterior costal arch and cranially from the lower gluteal folds with or without symptoms irradiation to the lower extremities, without a clear nociceptive cause. The most prevalent causes of chronic LBP encompass spondylolysis, spondylolisthesis, Scheuermann's disease, iliac crest apophysitis, and progressive scoliosis. Text neck syndrome develops in the cervical spine due to prolonged anteflexion caused by increased mobile phone exposure which might lead to earlier intervertebral disc degeneration. Osteomyelitis, intervertebral discitis, vertebral fracture, malignant tumor, septic sacroileitis, epidural abscess, and transverse myelitis are among the specific causes of acute pain. When assessing distinct types of LBP, the nature, localization, chronological sequence of pain, and "red flags" require special attention. Radiological examination must be indicated by differential diagnostics of back disorders, considering the severity and duration of clinical symptoms and signs. The treatment of benign character pain includes a shorter period of relative rest with a program of therapeutic exercises. In addition to individually tailored exercises, advanced scoliosis and kyphosis treatment is provided with orthoses and surgery
Prevalence of Dysphagia in People With Multiple Sclerosis Based on a Self-Report Questionnaire: a Systematic Review
No full textDisfagija je česta i neprepoznata komplikacija kod osoba s multiplom sklerozom (MS), koja može značajno narušiti kvalitetu života te povećati rizik od aspiracijske pneumonije, pothranjenosti i dehidracije. Upitnici samoprocjene mogu se jednostavno i brzo primijeniti, a njihova evalvacija i usporedba može imati značajan doprinos u poboljšanju skrbi za osobe s MS-om, omogućujući rano prepoznavanje disfagije i pravovremenu intervenciju. Ciljevi ovog pregleda jesu utvrditi prevalenciju disfagije kod osoba s MS-om na temelju više upitnika samoprocjene te analizirati metodološke razlike među istraživanjima koje mogu utjecati na varijacije u prevalenciji disfagije. Pretraga je provedena u bazama podataka PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Medline i Google Scholar, koristeći ključne pojmove na engleskom jeziku: dysphagia, multiple sclerosis, prevalence, self-assessment, questionnaire. Pregled je proveden prema PRISMA smjernicama. U pregled su uključena istraživanja na engleskom jeziku koja su uključivala osobe s MS-om dijagnosticiranim prema McDonaldovim kriterijima. Istraživanja su morala koristiti barem jedan validirani upitnik samoprocjene i izvještavati o prevalenciji disfagije te o njezinoj povezanosti s kliničkim varijablama. Uključila su se opservacijska, kohortna i randomizirana kontrolirana istraživanja. Rezultati pokazuju kako prevalencija disfagije na temelju upitnika samoprocjene varira među istraživanjima. Prevalencija se kreće između 5,8 i 92,2 %. Viša prevalencija disfagije povezana je s višim vrijednostima proširene ljestvice statusa invaliditeta (EDSS), progresivnim podtipovima MS-a i višom dobi. Čimbenici koji utječu na razlike u prevalenciji, jesu korišteni upitnik samoprocjene, način definiranja disfagije i karakteristike uzorka. Zaključno, standardizacija definicija, sustavno provođenje procjene i rutinsko korištenje upitnika samoprocjene ključni su za rano prepoznavanje disfagije i unaprjeđenje skrbi za osobe s MS-om.Dysphagia is a common and unrecognised complication in people with multiple sclerosis (MS) that can significantly reduce quality of life and increase the risk of aspiration pneumonia, malnutrition, and dehydration. Self-assessment questionnaires can be administered easily and quickly, and their evaluation and comparison can make a significant contribution to improving the care of people with MS by enabling early detection of dysphagia and timely intervention. The aim of this review is to determine the prevalence of dysphagia in people with MS based on several different self-assessment questionnaires and to analyse the methodological differences between studies that might influence the variation in dysphagia prevalence. A literature search was conducted in the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Medline, and Google Scholar databases using the following English keywords: dysphagia, multiple sclerosis, prevalence, self-assessment, questionnaire. This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework. The included studies were published in English and involved individuals with MS diagnosed according to the McDonald criteria. Studies had to use at least one validated self-assessment questionnaire and report on the prevalence of dysphagia and its association with clinical variables. Observational studies, cohort studies and randomised controlled trials were included. The results show that the prevalence of dysphagia based on self-assessment questionnaires varies between studies. The prevalence ranges from 5.88% to 92.2%. A higher prevalence of dysphagia is associated with higher scores on the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), progressive MS subtypes, and older age. Factors influencing differences in prevalence include the type of self-assessment questionnaire used, the method of defining dysphagia and the characteristics of the sample. In summary, the standardisation of definitions, the systematic implementation of surveys, and the routine use of self-assessment questionnaires are crucial for the early detection of dysphagia and the improvement of care of people with MS
Sulkalno subarahnoidno krvarenje tijekom poroda vezano uz sindrom reverzibilne cerebralne vazokonstrikcije - prikaz slučaja
No full textAim: Pregnancy-related subarachnoid haemorrhage (pSAH), while uncommon, carries a higher risk of morbidity and mortality. The aim of the case presentation is to emphasize the importance of promptly identifying neurological complications during pregnancy and the postpartum period.
Case report: A 39 weeks pregnant secundipara gave birth to a healthy baby. Just before childbirth she started signalling a right sided thunderclap headache followed by a blurred vision. Brain non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT) showed a convexity subarachnoid haemorrhage (cSAH). CT angiography (CTA) and MR angiography (MRA) of the brain revealed a multifocal vasospasm involving few of the arteries of Circle of Willis and a case of reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) was suspected. The patient was treated with nimodipine, and a follow up three months after the event showed the complete resolution of the cSAH as of the vasospasm.
Conclusion: Early suspicion, appropriate diagnosis, and a multidisciplinary approach to pregnancy-related neurological complications is crucial for achieving a successful outcome.Cilj: Naglasiti važnost prepoznavanja neuroloških komplikacija u trudnoći i puerperiju. Subarahnoidalno krvarenje povezano s trudnoćom, iako nije često, dovodi do većeg morbiditeta i mortaliteta.
Prikaz slučaja: Drugorotkinja u 39. tjednu trudnoće rodila je zdravo dijete. Neposredno prije poroda manifestirala je jaku desnostranu glavobolju praćenu zamućenim vidom. Nativni CT mozga pokazao je kortikalno subarahnoidalno krvarenje. Na CT-u, kao i na MR angiografiji mozga opisani su multifokalni vazospazmi koji su zahvatili više arterija Wilisijeva kruga te se posumljalo na sindrom reverzibilne cerebralne vazokonstrikcije (RCVS). Pacijentica je liječena nimodipinom i praćena neuroradiološki i neurosonološki u trajanju od tri mjeseca tijekom kojih dolazi do potpune resorpcije krvarenja i regresije vazospazma.
Zaključak: Rano prepoznavanje, postavljanje točne dijagnoze i multidisciplinarni pristup neurološkim komplikacijama u trudnoći ključni su za postizanje uspješnog ishoda
Influence of Solid Solution Temperature on the Microstructure Evaluation of 15-5PH Stainless Steel for Pipe Organ Rail Rod Applications
No full textThis study investigates the effect of solid solution treatment temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 15-5PH stainless steel, with the aim of optimizing its performance for precision mechanical components. Samples were solution-treated at 975 °C, 1000 °C, 1025 °C, and 1050 °C, followed by aging at 480 °C for 1 h. Microstructural observations revealed progressive grain coarsen-ing with increasing solution temperature. Mechanical testing showed that yield and tensile strengths increased with temperature up to 1025 °C, reaching maxi-mum values of 1390 MPa and 1286 MPa, respectively, due to enhanced dissolu-tion of strengthening phases prior to aging. In contrast, ductility and impact ener-gy decreased consistently with increasing temperature; the highest toughness was obtained at 975 °C (35.5 J), while the lowest values occurred at 1050 °C (6.5 J). The optimal combination of strength and ductility was achieved at 1025 °C, indicating this temperature as the most effective solution-treatment condition for the tested steel. These findings provide a basis for selecting heat-treatment parameters to enhance the performance and reliability of components manufactured from 15-5PH stainless steel
Hot Deformation Behavior and Constitutive Modeling of C61300 Aluminum Bronze for Gymnastics Equipment Applications
No full textThe hot deformation behavior of C61300 aluminum bronze at deformation tem-peratures of 600 °C – 900 °C and strain rates of 0.001 s-1 – 1 s-1 was studied by Gleeble-3500 thermo-mechanical simulator. Based on the hot compression test data, true stress–true strain curves of C61300 under different deformation condi-tions were obtained, and a constitutive equation describing the alloy’s hot defor-mation behavior was established through linear regression. The results show that flow stress decreases with increasing deformation temperature and increases with increasing strain rate
An Empirical Study on Metaverse Tourism Marketing in Emerging Markets
No full textThe metaverse presents new opportunities for tourism marketing, but its implementation requires a viable
service innovation business model. This study aims to develop a metaverse-based tourism marketing model
and to deepen the research on this contentious issue. A survey method is employed to collect data and develop
models that transform tourism management and marketing in emerging markets. The study examines the
fundamental changes that the metaverse introduces to tourism destinations and organisations, identifying key
components of metaverse tourism. This research addresses unresolved questions in theoretical discourse and the
practical relevance of tourism in contemporary contexts, potentially redefining the broader concept of tourism
ANALYSIS OF COLLECTION OF PLACEMENT OF BUSINESS ENTITIES WITH BANKS IN THE CONTEXT OF CYBER SECURITY
No full textU suvremenom bankarskom poslovanju, učinkovita naplata plasmana poslovnim subjektima neraskidivo je povezana s osiguranjem kibernetičke sigurnosti. Složen proces naplate obuhvaća kontinuirano praćenje dospjelih obveza za različite vrste plasmana (dugoročni i kratkoročni krediti, revolving krediti, garancije i dr.). Kreditni plasmani i garancije, kao značajan dio bankarskog portfelja, predstavljaju kompleksan i obimom velik segment naplate, zahtijevajući precizno praćenje dinamike plaćanja i promptnu reakciju na eventualna kašnjenja. Komunikacija s poslovnim subjektima tijekom procesa naplate izložena je sve većem riziku kibernetičkih napada, čime kibernetička sigurnost postaje nezaobilazan element. Ovaj rad stoga ima za cilj detaljno opisati proces naplate plasmana poslovnih subjekata te istražiti i analizirati njegovu povezanost s kibernetičkom sigurnošću. Autori u radu koriste niz znanstvenih metoda istraživanja (metode analize, komparacije, indukcije, dedukcije, deskripcije i klasifikacije itd.) kao i pojedine statističko-matematičke metode. Metodologija istraživanja temeljena je na metodi ankete putem instrumenta anketnog upitnika on-line. Dobiveni rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da određena razina kibernetičke sigurnosti značajno doprinosi uspješnosti naplate plasmana unutar bankarskog sustava.
Rad je proizašao iz područja teme obranjenog diplomskog rada pod naslovom "Naplata plasmana poslovnih subjekata kod banaka."In modern banking business, effective payment of placements to business entities is inextricably linked to ensuring cyber security. The complex collection process includes continuous monitoring of overdue obligations for various types of placements (long-term and short-term loans, revolving loans, guarantees, etc.). Credit placements and guarantees, as a significant part of the banking portfolio, represent a complex and large-scale collection segment, requiring precise monitoring of payment dynamics and prompt reaction to possible delays. Communication with business entities during the billing process is exposed to an increasing risk of cyberattacks, which makes cyber security an indispensable element. This paper therefore aims to describe in detail the process of collection of placement of business entities and to investigate and analyze its connection with cyber security. In the paper, the authors use a number of scientific research methods (methods of analysis, comparison, induction, deduction, description and classification, etc.) as well as certain statistical and mathematical methods. The research methodology is based on the survey method using an online questionnaire instrument. The research results obtained show that a certain level of cyber security significantly contributes to the success of loan collection within the banking system
Mid-Term Revenue Risk Assessment Model for Railway Public-Private Partnership Projects Based on Copula-NPVaR
No full textPublic-private partnership (PPP) proves to be an effective approach to solving the financing problems of railway construction projects. However, there is a lack of studies on how to control its high revenue risk on financial returns caused by great uncertainties regarding revenue and cost during a long concession period for both the public and private sectors. Few studies focused on the mid-term risk assessment model, and there is still no well-developed mid-term risk assessment mechanism. To fill this research gap, this paper develops a mid-term revenue risk assessment model combining copula and net present value (NPV)-at-risk method. The copula-NPVaR (net present value at risk) model is applied in a numerical case study based on a railway construction project. The results indicate that by means of a copula, the simulated NPVs, under the more reasonable stochastic assumptions of random variables, will approach the real value. This model can be a useful tool to assess the profitability and financial sustainability of the project in the operation period, providing the stakeholders with more reliable and quantitative reference on the revenue risk. This study offers both theoretical foundations and practical suggestions to practitioners that will ultimately promote the adaptive and agile management of railway PPP projects