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Jesu li iskustva snova uistinu nova?: Filozofsko istraživanje Thompsonove teze
No full textIn this paper, I will delve into Evan Thompson’s analysis of dream experiences,
which has challenged philosophers and scholars in the past. Many thinkers argue
that dreams are not conscious experiences; there is an opposite view in which
philosophers still argue for dreams as conscious phenomena. The paper primarily
focuses on the hypothesis: ‘Thompson’s explication of dreams as conscious
experiences.’ Philosophers like Norman Malcolm and Daniel Dennett critique
the eminent received view of dreaming, asserting that dream experiences lack
conscious awareness. However, recent philosophical contributions by Thompson
criticize their standpoint and posit that dreams are conscious experiences with
an independent status during sleep. The paper navigates this philosophical conflict,
and I have specifically taken a defence examining Thompson’s explication
of dream consciousness, emphasizing the metaphysical and ontological bases of
dreams. Lastly, I discuss the limitations of his analysis and also propose a tripartite
model of the dynamic nature of our dreaming mind.U ovome članku autor proučava analizu iskustva snova prema Evan Thompsonu, koja
je u prošlosti predstavljala izazov za filozofe i znanstvenike. Mnogi mislioci smatraju
da snovi nisu svjesna iskustva; međutim, postoji i suprotan pogled obzirom da filozofi i
dalje tvrde da su snovi svjesni fenomeni. Članak se oslanja na hipotezu: “Thompsonovo
tumačenje snova kao svjesna iskustva.” Filozofi, kao primjerice Norman Malcolm
i Daniel Dennett analiziraju dominantno prihvaćen pogled na snove te potvrđuju da
iskustvima snova nedostaje svjesna spoznaja. Međutim, noviji filozofski doprinosi od
strane Thompsona kritiziraju njihovo stajalište te tvrde da su snovi svjesna iskustva
sa samostalnim statusom za vrijeme sna. Članak prati ovaj filozofski sukob, a autor
članka zauzima obrambeno stajalište u svojim razlaganjima o svjesnosti snova,
naglašavajući metafizičke i ontološke osnove snova. Na kraju se raspravlja o granicama
njegove analize te se predlaže trodijelni model dinamičke naravi uma koji sanja
Searching for a Link Between Independence of Mind and Mental Health
No full textU sklopu tematike kulture empatije i mentalnoga zdravlja autorica otkriva kako
empatija gradi ljudsko stanje duha i što se događa s mentalnim zdravljem pri
razračunavanju s nasiljem i nepravdom. Čovjekova uronjenost u komunikaciju
povezana je s neodoljivom potrebom za orijentacijom pri sučeljavanju s kulturnim,
ekonomskim, političkim i drugim vrstama koncentrirane društvene moći.
Vodi nas jasnijemu dijagnosticiranju toksičnih društvenih uvjeta, pokazuje zašto
je suvremeni čovjek žrtva dihotomija te kako će očuvati vlastiti integritet, tjelesno
i duhovno zdravlje, a da druge ne podjarmljuje i ne diskriminira. Razumijevanje
nam je oslonjeno na jezik, moralno razmišljanje ukorijenjeno u najobuhvatnijoj
među svim znanostima, u etici, pregnantnoj nasljeđem razboritosti. Bioetika je
najmlađa znanost te vrste — u težnji da sebično razmišljanje preobrazi u moralno
razmišljanje koristi se multidisciplinarnim znanjem. Otkriva da bitne komponente
empatije nisu samo emocije, nego i refleksivnost.This paper reveals — in regard to themes on the culture of empathy and mental
health — the extent to which empathy constitutes the state of the human mind and
the way in which the confrontation with violence or injustice affects mental health.
The fact that man is immersed in communication arouses in him a compelling need
for orientation when confronted by cultural, economic, political and other aspects of
concentrated social power. The paper guides us towards a clearer diagnosis of toxic
social conditions: it shows why modern man is a victim of dichotomies, and it shows
him the way to preserve his integrity — his physical and mental health — without
subjugating others or discriminating against them. Human understanding has been
based on language, while moral thinking is rooted in the most comprehensive of all
sciences, in ethics, which is brimming with the patrimony of prudence. Bioethics is
the youngest science of its kind, and as it aspires to transmute selfish thinking into
moral thinking, it makes use of multidisciplinary knowledge. Bioethics can unveil the
essential components of empathy which are not only the emotions but also reflexivity
Challenges of Explainable Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare Decision-Making Processes
No full textU ovom radu autor usmjerava pozornost na potencijal i izazove primjene umjetne
inteligencije u zdravstvu, s naglaskom na objašnjivu umjetnu inteligenciju,
koja nudi transparentnost u donošenju odluka. Potencijal umjetne inteligencije
u zdravstvu ostvaruje se u brojnim područjima, a sve se više raspravlja o etičkim
izazovima poput objašnjivosti, pristranosti i povjerenja. Objašnjiva umjetna inteligencija
može unaprijediti zdravstvenu skrb i ponuditi rješenje za specifične vrste
pristranosti, što je naglašeno u ovom radu.In this paper the author draws our attention to the potential and the challenges of
the application of artificial intelligence in healthcare. Artificial intelligence offers advancements
such as better diagnostics and personalized treatments, but also raises
ethical challenges related to explainability, bias, and trust. A key challenge is the
“black box” phenomenon, where artificial intelligence predictions lack transparency
and cannot be easily explained. To address this, explainable artificial intelligence
aims to make predictions explainable and foster trust in use of artificial intelligence
in healthcare. However, this approach faces its own hurdles, such as balancing between
accuracy and explainability, the lack of standardized tools for measuring ex-planation quality, and under–researched relationship between bias and explanations
in automated systems. Understanding these limitations is vital for the responsible
use of artificial intelligence in high–risk healthcare settings. Special attention is given
to the overconfidence bias, where artificial intelligence systems or their users may
overestimate the reliability of outputs. The paper proposes an original explainable
artificial intelligence method designed to detect and mitigate the effects of overconfidence
bias, thereby reducing decision–making errors. By identifying such risks and
addressing them through tailored an explainable artificial intelligence approach, the
paper contributes to the development of trustworthy artificial intelligence systems in
healthcare
Optimisation of High-Speed Railway Freight Transport Service Plan in Inter-Modal Transport Based on Extended Time-Space Network
No full textThe air-rail inter-modal transport is a feasible choice to enlarge the freight service scope of high-speed railway. Essentially, optimising the service plan for high-speed rail express under inter-modal mainly involves determining the train and flight trips, and space-time route selections for each batch of express shipment from the origin to the destination. We construct an extended space-time network to capture the transport and transfer space-time attributes of the serviced express shipments. A multi-commodity flow model is then established with a series of practical constraints. The Lagrangian relaxation algorithm is designed to decompose the original problem into a shortest path problem of a single-batch express shipment in a multi-dimensional network. The sub-problem is solved by the dynamic programming method, and a heuristic algorithm based on sub-gradient sorting is designed to ensure the feasibility of the dual solutions. In order to compare the performance of the traditional solver method with that of the LR algorithm, a nonlinear mixed-integer programming model was constructed in the appendix and solved by using the DICOPT solver. Taking the Shanghai-Kunming corridor as an example, the experimental results demonstrate that the LR algorithm can obtain high-quality solutions within a relatively short time, while the traditional solver method has certain limitations. Furthermore, the inter-modal transport is validated with a significant advantage in expanding the service scope of express demand. The research results are of great theoretical significance for the rational allocation of transportation resources and enhancement of the quality and efficiency of high-speed rail express services
Integrated Optimisation of Train Timetables and Maintenance Windows under Mixed Passenger and Freight Train Operation Mode
No full textThe train timetable and maintenance windows are closely interrelated and mutually constrained, creating a coupled relationship. Optimising the train timetable can greatly enhance the operational efficiency of trains. This study focuses on the mixed passenger-freight train operation mode and investigates the integrated optimisation of train timetables and maintenance windows in this context. The problem is modelled as a multi-objective mixed-integer programming problem. The model’s objectives are twofold: to minimise the total travel time of all trains and to maximise the density of train paths. Several constraints are incorporated, including those related to train stopping, train safety intervals, passenger train departure time windows and maintenance windows. These constraints ensure that the model reflects practical operational requirements while achieving optimal efficiency. The model places particular emphasis on station capacity constraints. To facilitate solving, these constraints are linearised. A case study is conducted to compare scenarios with and without considering station capacity constraints. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model. This study provides theoretical support for the integrated optimisation of train timetables and maintenance windows under mixed passenger-freight train operation mode and offers valuable insights for improving the efficiency of railway transportation
NIHILISM IN ECONOMIC THOUGHT: A STRUCTURED LITERATURE REVIEW AND BIBLIOMETRIC MAPPING
No full textKoncept nihilizma dugo je prisutan u ekonomskoj misli - od ranih moralnih kritika političke ekonomije do marksističkih i weberijanskih promišljanja o kapitalističkom razočaranju i rasprava o neoklasičnoj vrijednosnoj neutralnosti. Suvremene rasprave o konzumerizmu i neoliberalizmu obnovile su zabrinutost da ekonomija riskira postati etički prazna. Ipak, sustavne analize nihilizma u ekonomiji ostaju ograničene.
Ovaj članak nudi strukturirani pregled načina na koji je nihilizam izražen i kritiziran u ekonomskim tradicijama, dopunjen bibliometrijskim mapiranjem njegove difuzije u srodnim znanstvenim istraživanjima. Kombinirajući tematski pregled literature i bibliometrijsku analizu, pretraživanja pojma "nihilizam" provedena su u Scopusu, Web of Science i Dimensions.ai unutar poslovanja, menadžmenta i ekonomije. Podaci su obrađeni u VOSvieweru kako bi se vizualiziralo zajedničko pojavljivanje pojmova.
Nalazi otkrivaju trajne napetosti između ekonomske racionalnosti i značenja, od moralnih kritika 19. stoljeća do suvremenog "neonihilizma". Bibliometrijski klasteri pokazuju filozofske, pravne i primijenjene niti te pomak prema empirijskim istraživanjima usmjerenim na utjecaj. Studija doprinosi tipologiji nihilizma u ekonomiji, prati njegovu povijesnu i konceptualnu evoluciju te uspostavlja reproducibilnu osnovu za buduća istraživanja etičkih i humanističkih dimenzija ekonomske misli.The concept of nihilism has a longstanding presence in economic thought—from early moral critiques of political economy to Marxian and Weberian reflections on capitalist disillusionment, and debates on neoclassical value neutrality. Contemporary discussions on consumerism and neoliberalism have renewed concerns that economics risks becoming ethically hollow. Yet systematic analyses of nihilism in economics remain limited.
This article offers a structured review of how nihilism has been expressed and critiqued across economic traditions, complemented by bibliometric mapping of its diffusion in related scholarship. Combining thematic literature review and bibliometric analysis, searches for “nihilism” were conducted in Scopus, Web of Science, and Dimensions.ai within business, management, and economics. Data were processed in VOSviewer to visualize term co-occurrences.
Findings reveal enduring tensions between economic rationality and meaning, from 19th‑century moral critiques to contemporary “neonihilism.” Bibliometric clusters show philosophical, legal, and applied strands, and a shift toward empirical and impact-oriented research. The study contributes a typology of nihilism in economics, traces its historical and conceptual evolution, and establishes a reproducible baseline for future inquiry into the ethical and humanistic dimensions of economic thought
DIMENSIONS, CONCEPTS AND MEASUREMENT OF TOURISM RESILIENCE: CURRENT KNOWLEDGE AND RESEARCH CHALLENGES
No full textPrethodne su studije uglavnom promatrale otpornost i oporavak kao dva zasebna indikatora rezilijentnosti, bez obzira na to je li fokus bio na ekonomskoj, političkoj ili nekoj drugoj vrsti rezilijentnosti. Međutim, ne postoji općeprihvaćena definicija rezilijentnosti niti standardizirana metoda mjerenja, posebno kada se radi o turističkoj rezilijentnosti. U literaturi turizam se najčešće povezuje s ekonomskom rezilijentnosti, posebno na regionalnoj razini. U tom kontektsu, cilj je ovog rada razdvojiti i razjasniti sve koncepte i dimenzije povezane s rezilijentnosti koji se često miješaju, iako se međusobno ne isključuju. Ovaj rad kritički preispituje postojeće studije o turističkoj rezilijentnosti, kao i istraživanja koja povezuju turizam s ekonomskom rezilijentnosti. Nadalje, nastoji sistematizirati prednosti i ograničenja različitih pristupa koji se koriste za mjerenje rezilijentnosti na regionalnoj razini. Završno, rad predlaže najprikladniju metriku rezilijentnosti za turistički sektor, ilustriranu na primjeru odabranih NUTS 2 regija unutar Europske unije kao odgovor na šok u turističkoj potražnji uzrokovan COVID-19 pandemijom.Most previous studies have treated resistance and recovery as two separate indicators of resilience, regardless of whether the focus was on economic, political, or other types of resilience. However, there is no universally accepted definition of resilience, nor a standardized method for measuring it, particularly in the context of tourism resilience. In the literature, tourism is mostly associated with economic resilience, especially at the regional level. Against this backdrop, the aim of this paper is to disentangle and clarify the concepts and dimensions associated with resilience, which are often conflated despite not being mutually exclusive. The paper critically reviews existing studies on tourism resilience, as well as research linking tourism with economic resilience. Furthermore, it seeks to systematize the advantages and limitations of the different approaches used to measure resilience at the regional level. Finally, the paper proposes the most appropriate resilience metric for the tourism sector, illustrated through the case of selected NUTS 2 regions within the European Union in response to a shock in tourism demand caused by the COVID-19 pandemic
Aktualnosti iz projekta “Znanje+Kreativnost = STEM Inspiracija”: Kalendar događanja veljača 2026. (“Znanje+Kreativnost = STEM Inspiracija”)
Get PDFINDUSTRIJSKA METODA ZA UBLAŽAVANJE POVRŠINSKIH DEVASTACIJA I OBNOVA STRUKTURE TLA U BAZENU KRIVOGA ROGA
No full textThis study addresses the critical issue of technogenic safety and revitalization of devastated landscapes in the Kryvyi Rih basin, a major mining region in Ukraine. It highlights the environmental challenges posed by extensive mining activities, including sinkhole formation, soil degradation, and biodiversity loss, exacerbated by climate change and erosion. The research evaluates the effectiveness of vegetation cover through phytomelioration efficiency coefficients (Kfm), revealing a steady decline from 1984 to 2024 due to expanding devastated areas. For instance, Kfm values dropped from 3.6 to 2.8 for sinkhole No. 1, indicating reduced ecological resilience. A key focus is the proposed cemented paste backfilling technology, utilizing mining waste to fill sinkholes. This method aims to mitigate surface deformations, enhance public safety, and restore soil integrity while repurposing industrial byproducts. The study analyzes sinkhole dynamics using GIS and historical data, identifying nonlinear growth patterns, particularly during 1995–2005. Polynomial models (R² up to 0.997) effectively describe these trends. Economic analysis underscores the escalating costs of delayed revitalization, with expenses rising up to sevenfold over 38 years. The research advocates for timely intervention to reduce both environmental risks and financial burdens. In conclusion, the integration of backfilling technologies and phytomelioration strategies offers a sustainable solution for restoring Kryvyi Rih’s landscapes, aligning with global climate goals and regional development needs. The findings emphasize the urgency of implementing these measures to ensure ecological stability and long-term socio-economic benefits.Studija istražuje kritična pitanja tehnogene sigurnosti i obnove devastiranih krajolika u bazenu Krivoga Roga, jednom od najvažnijih rudarskih područja Ukrajine. Istraživanje naglašava ekološke izazove uzrokovane intenzivnom rudarskom aktivnošću, uključujući stvaranje vrtača, degradaciju tla i gubitak bioraznolikosti, što je dodatno pogoršano klimatskim promjenama i erozijom. Analizom koeficijenata fitomelioracijske učinkovitosti (Kfm) studija procjenjuje učinkovitost vegetacijskoga pokrova, otkrivajući stalan pad od 1984. do 2024. zbog širenja devastiranih područja. Primjerice, vrijednosti Kfm za vrtaču br. 1 pale su s 3,6 na 2,8, a to upućuje na smanjenu ekološku otpornost. Ključni fokus istraživanja jest tehnologija ispunjavanja s cementiranom pastom, koja se koristi rudarskim otpadom za popunjavanje vrtača. Cilj je ove metode smanjiti devastirane površine, poboljšati javnu sigurnost i obnoviti strukturu tla, istovremeno reciklirajući industrijske nusproizvode. Korištenjem GIS-a i povijesnih podataka studija analizira dinamiku vrtača, identificirajući nelinearne obrasce povećanja, posebno u razdoblju od 1995. do 2005. Polinomski modeli (s R² do 0,997) učinkovito opisuju ove trendove. Ekonomska analiza ističe rastuće troškove odgađane revitalizacije, s povećanjem troškova do sedam puta tijekom 38 godina. Zaključeno je kako kombinacija tehnologije ispunjavanja i strategije fitomelioracije nudi održivo rješenje za obnovu krajolika Krivoga Roga usklađujući se s globalnim klimatskim ciljevima i regionalnim razvojnim potrebama. Rezultati ističu hitnu potrebu za provedbom predloženih mjera kako bi se osigurala ekološka stabilnost i dugoročne socioekonomske koristi