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3-D geocellular oil-resource determination in south Texas Frio fluvial-deltaic reservoirs
No full text[[abstract]]Increased accuracy and possible variability of calculated original oil in place can be achieved by combining information acquired from both geologic and engineering reservoir characteristics into a comprehensive model. Three-dimensional (3-D) geocellular computer modeling facilitates this integration. Such an approach allows geologic architecture and engineering fluid-flow trends to be combined in order to delineate the spatial geometry of individual reservoir genetic units. Information from both disciplines can be used to determine the spatial distribution of petrophysical attributes within these genetic units, resulting in increased accuracy in calculating original-oil-in-place (OOIP) volumetrics.
In order to determine original and remaining OOIP in South Texas Frio Fluvial reservoirs, 3-D geocellular computer modeling was applied. We found that fourth- and fifth-order flooding surfaces define reservoir architecture by constraining depositional units and delineating the spatial distribution of gross sandstone depositional facies. Depositional facies information was then combined with both conventional and special core analyses to generate porosity, permeability, water saturation, and residual-oil saturation transforms. Fluid-flow trends, including water:oil and gas:oil ratios, were analyzed to determine the connectivity within each fifth-order genetic unit.
The 3-D geometry of each genetic unit was modeled as distinct bounding surfaces to constrain petrophysical property interpolation, and various controls on petrophysical interpolation were applied to test their sensitivity. Proportional geocellular layering character resulted in a 20-percent increase in OOIP, as compared with onlapping cells against bounding surfaces. A 6-percent variation in OOIP resulted when we combined onlap with directional interpolation bias as opposed to template weighting.
Preferred-actual learning environment "spaces" and earth science outcomes in Taiwan
No full text[[abstract]]This study examines the possibilities of differential impacts on students' earth science learning outcomes between different preferred-actual learning environment spaces by using a newly developed ESCLEI (Earth Science Classroom Learning Environment Instrument). The instrument emphasizes three simultaneously important classroom components: content, method, and assessment with both student-centered and teacher-centered scales embedded. Findings suggest that preferred-actual space (PAS[subscript match]) between posttreatment perceptions and pretreatment preferences accounted for a more substantial and statistically significant amount of learning outcomes in terms of students' attitudes toward the subject matter with greater than large effect size, concerning practical significance in the actual earth science classroom. These findings suggest that earth science instruction in the secondary schools should bridge the gap between students' preferred/perceived learning environment with the aim to enhance their learning outcomes.
Exploring interrelationships between student science achievement and their self-confidence and interest in science
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An online testing and analysis system for students' creative problem-solving ability in sciences
No full text[[abstract]]This paper proposes an online testing and analysis system for studying students’ Creative
Problem-Solving (CPS) ability in sciences. Using an open-ended essay-question-type test, students are
asked to express their idea and imagine how to solve problems better. Based on previous works, we
utilize an automated scorer for evaluating students’ CPS ability. This system serves as a real-time
(self-)assessment for online learners and a useful research tool to gather data for CPS studies. We
have re-examined the inter-rater reliability of our automated scorer with new samples, and conducted
a questionnaire survey for usability inspection. The preliminary results show the system is reliable for
automated scoring and satisfactory for system usability. A roadmap for future development is also
proposed