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    Void swelling in a 9Cr ferritic/martensitic steel irradiated with energetic Ne-ions at elevated temperatures

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    In this work the void swelling behavior of a 9Cr ferritic/martensitic steel irradiated with energetic Ne-ions is studied. Specimens of Grade 92 steel (a 9%Cr ferritic/martensitic steel) were subjected to an irradiation of Ne-20-ions (with 122 MeV) to successively increasing damage levels of 1, 5 and 10 dpa at a damage peak at 440 and 570 degrees C, respectively. And another specimen was irradiated at a temperature ramp condition (high flux condition) with the temperature increasing from 440 up to 630 degrees C during the irradiation. Cross-sectional microstructures were investigated with a transmission electron microscopy (TEM). A high concentration of cavities was observed in the peak damage region in the Grade 92 steel irradiated to 5 dpa, and higher doses. The concentration and mean size of the cavities showed a strong dependence on the dose and irradiation temperature. Enhanced growth of the cavities at the grain boundaries, especially at the grain boundary junctions, was observed. The void swelling behavior in similar 9Cr steels irradiated at different conditions are discussed by using a classic void formation theory. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

    Energy momentum for randall sundrum models

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    We investigate the conservation law of energy momentum for Randall-Sundrum models by the general displacement transform. The energy momentum current has a superpotential and are therefore identically conserved. It is shown that for Randall-Sundrum solution, the momentum vanishes and most of the bulk energy is localized near the Planck brane. The energy density is epsilon = epsilon(0)e(-3 vertical bar y vertical bar)

    The beta decay of N-21

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    The beta-delayed neutron and gamma energy spectra taken from the decay of neutron-rich nucleus N-21 were measured by using the beta - gamma and beta - n coincidence detection method. Thirteen new neutron groups ranging from 0.28MeV to 4.98 MeV and with a total branching ratio of 88.7 +/- 4.2% were observed and presented. One gamma transition with an energy of 1222 keV emitted from the excited state of O-21, and four gamma transitions with energies of 1674, 2397, 2780, and 3175 keV emitted from the excited states of O-20 were identified in the 3 decay chain of N-21. The beta decay half-life for N-21 is determined to be 82.9 +/- 1.9 ms. The uncertainty of half-life is much smaller than the previous result

    Transfer ionization of helium in collisions with Cq+ and Oq+ (q=1-3)

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    Cross-section ratios sigma(TI)/sigma(SC) of transfer ionization (TI) to single capture (SC) of Cq+- and Oq+-He (q = 1 - 3) collisions in the energy range of 15-440 keV/u (0.8-4.2 v(Bohr)) are experimentally determined. It is shown that sigma(TI)/sigma(SC) strongly depends on the projectile velocity, and there is a maximum for E(keV/u)/q(1/2) approximate to 150. Combining the Bohr-Lindhard model and the statistical model, a theoretical estimate is presented, in reasonable agreement with the experimental data when E(keV/u)/q(1/2) > 35

    Effects of helium and oxygen common implantation in silicon wafer

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    Defect engineering for SiO2] precipitation is investigated using He-ion implantation as the first stage of separation by implanted oxygen (STMOX). Cavities are created in Si by implantation with helium ions. After thermal annealing at different temperatures, the sample is implanted with 120keV 8.0 x 10(16) cm(-2) O ions. The O ion energy is chosen such that the peak of the concentration distribution is centred at the cavity band. For comparison, another sample is implanted with O ions alone. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (XTEM), Fourier transform infrared absorbance spectrometry (FTIR) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements are used to investigate the samples. The results show that a narrow nano-cavity layer is found to be excellent nucleation sites that effectively assisted SiO2 formation and released crystal lattice strain associated with silicon oxidation.National Natural Science Foundation of China 1057512

    Evolution of spiral wave and pattern formation in a vortical polarized electric field

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    In this paper, the evolution of the pattern transition induced by the vortical electric field (VEF) is investigated. Firstly, a scheme is suggested to generate the VEF by changing the spatial magnetic field. Secondly, the VEF is imposed on the whole medium, and the evolutions of the spiral wave and the spatiotemporal chaos are investigated by using the numerical simulation. The result confirms that the drift and the breakup of the spiral wave and the new net-like pattern are observed when different polarized fields are imposed on the whole medium respectively. Finally, the pattern transition induced by the polarized field is discussed theoretically

    Single particle properties in asymmetric nuclear matter and TBF rearrangement effect

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    We have developed the formula and the numerical code for calculating the rearrangement contribution to the single particle (s.p.) properties in asymmetric nuclear matter induced by three-body forces within the framework of the Brueckner theory extended to include a microscopic three-body force (TBF). We have investigated systematically the TBF-induced rearrangement effect on the s.p. properties and their isospin-behavior in neutron-rich nuclear medium. It is shown that the TBF induces a repulsive rearrangement contribution to the s.p. potential in nuclear medium. The repulsion of the TBF rearrangement contribution increases rapidly as a function of density and nucleon momentum. It reduces largely the attraction of the BHF s.p. potential and enhances strongly the momentum dependence of the s.p. potential at large densities and high-momenta. The TBF rearrangement effect on symmetry potential is to enhances its repulsion (attraction) on neutrons (protons) in dense asymmetric nuclear matter.National Natural Science Foundation of China 10576119 10775061 Knowledge Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences KJCX3-SYW-N2 Major State Basic Research Developing Program of China 2007CB815004 CAS/SAFEA International Partnership Program for Creative Research Teams CXTD-J2005-1 Asia-Link Project of the European Commission CN/ASIA-LINK/008(94791

    Superfluidity in neutron matter and symmetric nuclear matter and the effect of a microscopic three-body force

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    The neutron (PF2)-P-3 pairing gap in pure neutron matter, neutron (PF2)-P-3 gap and neutron-proton (SD1)-S-3 gap in symmetric nuclear matter have been studied by using the Brueckner-Hartree-Fock(BHF) approach and the BCS theory. We have concentrated on investigating and discussing the three-body force effect on the nucleon superfluidity. The calculated results indicate that the three-body force enhances remaxkably the (PF2)-P-3 superfluidity in neutron matter. It also enhances the (PF2)-P-3 superfluidity in symmetric nuclear matter and its effect increases monotonically as the Fermi-momentum k(F) increases, whereas the three-body force is shown to influence only weakly the neutron-proton (SD1)-S-3 gap in symmetric nuclear matter.National Natural Science Foundation of China 10575119 10775061 Chinese Academy of Science Knowledge Innovation Project KJCX3-SYW-N2 Major State Basic Research Development Program of China 2007CB815004 CAS/SAFEA International Partnership Program for Creative Research Teams CXTD-J2005-1 Asia-Link project of European Commission CN/ASIA-LINK/008(94791

    Simulation and Experiments of Electron Cooling in HIRFL-CSRm

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    本论文从理论、模拟和实验三方面研究了HIRFL-CSRm离子束的电子冷却累积过程。 在没有内靶实验装置的电子冷却储存环中,离子束的冷却过程,是离子在电子冷却效应和以束内散射为主的各种加热效应共同作用下,发射度收缩并趋于平衡的过程。其中磁化冷却力的求解是研究电子冷却效应的理论基础,本论文采用Monte-Carlo技术解决了两体碰撞模型下磁化冷却力复杂积分表达式的求解,探讨了影响磁化冷却力的参数。针对离子束内散射过程,论文在B-M模型下束内散射率表达式的基础上,通过应用Carlson第二类椭圆积分形式实现了束内散射导致的束流发射度和动量分散变化的快速计算,分析了其对HIRFL-CSRm冷却累积过程的影响。 由于冷却力是离子-电子相对速度的复杂函数,而且考虑离子在储存环中的横向振荡和纵向运动特性,以及电子束空间电荷效应等情况下,冷却过程中束流发射度和动量分散的时间变化率无法解析计算。本论文采用模型离子跟踪方法,模拟了离子束特征参数在冷却过程中的变化,明确了电子束参数对冷却过程的影响函数,计算了几种典型离子束冷却累积的最佳参数值,并对测量冷却效应的实验方法进行了模拟研究。 对HIRFL-CSRm五种重离子束流(7.07MeV/u12C4+、8.28MeV/u12C5+、7.07MeV/u12C6+、21.6MeV/u36Ar18+、2.93MeV/u129Xe27+)的电子冷却和累积过程进行了初步的实验研究。采用电子束能量调制的方法,测量了12C6+和36Ar18+离子束受到的纵向冷却力随离子-电子相对速度变化的函数,分析了电子束密度、形状及电子束-离子束夹角对36Ar18+离子受到的纵向冷却力大小的影响。通过改变Bump触发的间隔时间研究了12C6+离子的横向冷却效应。实验研究了电子束密度、形状对几种束流的累积效率及储存束流寿命的影响,以及Bump幅度、Bump时间结构、注入间隔时间、绝热展开因子等参数对束流累积效率的影响。实验测量并理论验证了12C6+和36Ar18+强流束的集体效应,探讨了强流离子束的不稳定性。最后,论文展望了在HIRFL-CSR上进一步开展电子冷却实验的方向本论文从理论、模拟和实验三方面研究了HIRFL-CSRm离子束的电子冷却累积过程。 在没有内靶实验装置的电子冷却储存环中,离子束的冷却过程,是离子在电子冷却效应和以束内散射为主的各种加热效应共同作用下,发射度收缩并趋于平衡的过程。其中磁化冷却力的求解是研究电子冷却效应的理论基础,本论文采用Monte-Carlo技术解决了两体碰撞模型下磁化冷却力复杂积分表达式的求解,探讨了影响磁化冷却力的参数。针对离子束内散射过程,论文在B-M模型下束内散射率表达式的基础上,通过应用Carlson第二类椭圆积分形式实现了束内散射导致的束流发射度和动量分散变化的快速计算,分析了其对HIRFL-CSRm冷却累积过程的影响。 由于冷却力是离子-电子相对速度的复杂函数,而且考虑离子在储存环中的横向振荡和纵向运动特性,以及电子束空间电荷效应等情况下,冷却过程中束流发射度和动量分散的时间变化率无法解析计算。本论文采用模型离子跟踪方法,模拟了离子束特征参数在冷却过程中的变化,明确了电子束参数对冷却过程的影响函数,计算了几种典型离子束冷却累积的最佳参数值,并对测量冷却效应的实验方法进行了模拟研究。 对HIRFL-CSRm五种重离子束流(7.07MeV/u12C4+、8.28MeV/u12C5+、7.07MeV/u12C6+、21.6MeV/u36Ar18+、2.93MeV/u129Xe27+)的电子冷却和累积过程进行了初步的实验研究。采用电子束能量调制的方法,测量了12C6+和36Ar18+离子束受到的纵向冷却力随离子-电子相对速度变化的函数,分析了电子束密度、形状及电子束-离子束夹角对36Ar18+离子受到的纵向冷却力大小的影响。通过改变Bump触发的间隔时间研究了12C6+离子的横向冷却效应。实验研究了电子束密度、形状对几种束流的累积效率及储存束流寿命的影响,以及Bump幅度、Bump时间结构、注入间隔时间、绝热展开因子等参数对束流累积效率的影响。实验测量并理论验证了12C6+和36Ar18+强流束的集体效应,探讨了强流离子束的不稳定性。最后,论文展望了在HIRFL-CSR上进一步开展电子冷却实验的方

    Study of Total Reaction Cross Sections of 12N, 12B, and 11C On Silicon Target

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    核反应总截面是描述原子核反应基本特征的一个重要的物理量,从中可以得到有关核反应、核结构和核内核子分布的信息。在由放射性束所产生的奇异核结构与各种反应机制的研究中,反应总截面更是具有特殊的重要性。具有奇异核结构的核的一个典型物理现象就是其反应总截面要比稳定核大得多,I.Tanihata等人最早就是通过对放射性束流的相互作用截面的测量发现了具有奇异结构的核-中子晕核。由于反应截面的测量对探测器的要求不高,而且数据分析过程相对较为简单,因此反应截面的测量已经成为放射性束物理研究的一个非常重要的实验手段。目前,奇异核研究的重点在丰中子一侧,理论预言的很多中子晕核如8He、11Li、11、14Be、15、17、19C、等已经从实验上得到证实,而理论预言的质子晕核目前只有8B得到实验证实,其他的核实验数据较少或相互矛盾,无法作出准确的结论。12N就是其中之一,理论学家认为其具有质子晕结构;而实验数据主要集中在的反应截面测量上,实验数据较少又相互矛盾或不肯定,不能得出确切结论。因此,进一步开展研究是十分必要和有意义的。考虑到以上因素,充分利用兰州放射性束流线现有的实验条件,我们采用束流透射法测量了中能区多个能量点12N、11C、12B与Si靶的反应总截面和12N去质子截面。同时用CLOVER探测器测量与碎片符合的γ能谱。利用透射法测量核的反应总截面对于模型没有依赖性,因而得到的结果更加可靠。利用Shen公式和采用各种密度分布形式的零力程Glauber模型计算了12N、11C、12B的激发函数并与实验结果比较,提取了12N、11C、12B的密度分布与核半径,对12N去质子截面作了简单分析。使用Shen公式拟合实验数据时发现,Shen公式在整个能区范围内基本上可以很好的拟合12B、11C的反应数据,但Shen计算得到的12N的反应总截面与实验测量值有明显的差异,计算结果偏小。在使用Glauber模型拟合实验数据之前,分别使用有限力程和零力程Glauber模型拟合了12C+12C的实验数据。在计算时,两种Glauber模型输入的密度分布采用Gauss密度分布形式。结果显示,使用零力程Glauber模型可以更好的拟合实验数据。分别使用高斯密度分布、HO密度分布、双参数费米密度分布、SHF模型计算得到的密度分布、基于少体模型的Gauss+尾巴密度分布形式代入零力程Glauber模型拟合实验数据。对于12B、11C、12C,这些密度分布形式代入零力程Glauber模型计算得到的激发函数曲线在整个能区范围内都可以很好的拟合实验数据。但是对于12N,只有基于少体模型的Gauss+尾巴密度分布形式代入零力程Glauber模型计算得到的激发函数曲线可以拟合实验结果。其他的密度分布形式计算得到的激发函数曲线明显低于实验数据。提取的12B、11C、12N均方根半径显示,12N的核半径明显大于其镜像核12B及其周围的核素。对12B、11C、12N的分析结果表明:12N的密度分布形式和稳定核有明显的不同,最后一个质子的密度分布具有很大的弥散,其可能具有奇异结构。对12N去质子截面的简单分析也表明了这一点核反应总截面是描述原子核反应基本特征的一个重要的物理量,从中可以得到有关核反应、核结构和核内核子分布的信息。在由放射性束所产生的奇异核结构与各种反应机制的研究中,反应总截面更是具有特殊的重要性。具有奇异核结构的核的一个典型物理现象就是其反应总截面要比稳定核大得多,I.Tanihata等人最早就是通过对放射性束流的相互作用截面的测量发现了具有奇异结构的核-中子晕核。由于反应截面的测量对探测器的要求不高,而且数据分析过程相对较为简单,因此反应截面的测量已经成为放射性束物理研究的一个非常重要的实验手段。目前,奇异核研究的重点在丰中子一侧,理论预言的很多中子晕核如8He、11Li、11、14Be、15、17、19C、等已经从实验上得到证实,而理论预言的质子晕核目前只有8B得到实验证实,其他的核实验数据较少或相互矛盾,无法作出准确的结论。12N就是其中之一,理论学家认为其具有质子晕结构;而实验数据主要集中在的反应截面测量上,实验数据较少又相互矛盾或不肯定,不能得出确切结论。因此,进一步开展研究是十分必要和有意义的。考虑到以上因素,充分利用兰州放射性束流线现有的实验条件,我们采用束流透射法测量了中能区多个能量点12N、11C、12B与Si靶的反应总截面和12N去质子截面。同时用CLOVER探测器测量与碎片符合的γ能谱。利用透射法测量核的反应总截面对于模型没有依赖性,因而得到的结果更加可靠。利用Shen公式和采用各种密度分布形式的零力程Glauber模型计算了12N、11C、12B的激发函数并与实验结果比较,提取了12N、11C、12B的密度分布与核半径,对12N去质子截面作了简单分析。使用Shen公式拟合实验数据时发现,Shen公式在整个能区范围内基本上可以很好的拟合12B、11C的反应数据,但Shen计算得到的12N的反应总截面与实验测量值有明显的差异,计算结果偏小。在使用Glauber模型拟合实验数据之前,分别使用有限力程和零力程Glauber模型拟合了12C+12C的实验数据。在计算时,两种Glauber模型输入的密度分布采用Gauss密度分布形式。结果显示,使用零力程Glauber模型可以更好的拟合实验数据。分别使用高斯密度分布、HO密度分布、双参数费米密度分布、SHF模型计算得到的密度分布、基于少体模型的Gauss+尾巴密度分布形式代入零力程Glauber模型拟合实验数据。对于12B、11C、12C,这些密度分布形式代入零力程Glauber模型计算得到的激发函数曲线在整个能区范围内都可以很好的拟合实验数据。但是对于12N,只有基于少体模型的Gauss+尾巴密度分布形式代入零力程Glauber模型计算得到的激发函数曲线可以拟合实验结果。其他的密度分布形式计算得到的激发函数曲线明显低于实验数据。提取的12B、11C、12N均方根半径显示,12N的核半径明显大于其镜像核12B及其周围的核素。对12B、11C、12N的分析结果表明:12N的密度分布形式和稳定核有明显的不同,最后一个质子的密度分布具有很大的弥散,其可能具有奇异结构。对12N去质子截面的简单分析也表明了这一

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