256488 research outputs found
Sort by
The charcoal-fired blast furnace of Roly (Entre-Sambre-et-Meuse) around 1850: geohistorical analysis of production, consumption and the origin of raw materials
No full textpeer reviewedCet article analyse le fonctionnement d’un des derniers hauts fourneaux au charbon de bois de l’Entre-Sambre-et-Meuse. Grâce au livre de compte du fourneau de Roly d’octobre 1845, tenu avec minutie par le facteur de forges Jean-Baptiste Roland, et à deux registres mensuels de transport des mines datés de janvier et août 1855, il est possible de connaître avec précision la production du fourneau, l’origine et les distances de transport des matières premières, ainsi que la destination des fontes produites. Ces documents de première main apportent également des informations précieuses pour la conversion des anciennes unités de mesure, ainsi que des données détaillées sur la comptabilité du fourneau et le personnel engagé
Évaluation multicritère de la durabilité environnementale des agroécosystèmes dans le bassin agricole du nord du Bénin à l’aide de données satellitaires.
No full textpeer reviewedThe intensification of anthropogenic pressures, particularly those related to agriculture driven by increasing demands for food and cash crops, generates negative environmental externalities. Assessing these externalities is essential to better identify and implement measures that promote the environmental sustainability of rural landscapes. This study aims to develop a multi-criteria assessment method of the negative environmental externalities of rural landscapes in the northern Benin agricultural basin, based on satellite-derived data. Starting from a 12-class land cover map produced through satellite image classification, the evaluation was conducted in three steps. First, the 12 land cover classes were reclassified into Human Disturbance Coefficients (HDCs) via a weighted sum model multi-criteria analysis based on nine criteria related to the negative environmental externalities of anthropogenic activities. Second, the HDC classes were spatially aggregated using a regular grid of 1 km2 landscape cells to produce the Landscape Environmental Sustainability Index (LESI). Finally, various discretization methods were applied to the LESI for cartographic representation, enhancing spatial interpretation. Results indicate that most areas exhibit moderate environmental externalities (HDC and LESI values between 2.5 and 3.5), covering 63–75% (HDC) and 83–94% (LESI) of the respective sites. Areas of low environmental externalities (values between 1.5 and 2.5) account for 20–24% (HDC) and 5–13% (LESI). The LESI, derived from accessible and cost-effective satellite data, offers a scalable, reproducible, and spatially explicit tool for monitoring landscape sustainability. It holds potential for guiding territorial governance and supporting transitions towards more sustainable land management practices. Future improvements may include, among others, refining the evaluation criteria and introducing variable criteria weighting schemes depending on land cover or region.OBSYDYA - Observatoire Pilote des Paysages et des Dynamiques Agricoles du Bénin15. Life on lan
Neurocognitive Patterns for Episodic Metamemory Judgments In Young and Older Adults: First Insights
No full textMétamémoire et vieillissement – AGEFO
Urban Digital Twins and the shaping of problems, publics, and institutions: Discussing conceptions of digital constitutionalism
Get PDFpeer reviewe
The large cell anaplastic lymphoma associated with breast implants
Get PDFeditorial reviewedLe lymphome anaplasique à grandes cellules
associé aux implants mammaires (BIA-ALCL : Breast
implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma) est un
lymphome rare à cellules T, CD-30+/ ALK-. La combinaison d’un implant mammaire texturé, d’une contamination
bactérienne et d’une prédisposition génétique semble
être nécessaire à l’apparition du BIA-ALCL. Le National
Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) a établi des
lignes directrices pour le diagnostic et le traitement. Un
dépistage rapide de la maladie est essentiel pour assurer
la guérison. À un stade précoce et pour la grande majorité
des patients, le traitement consiste à retirer l’implant avec
une capsulectomie totale associée. Nous partageons notre
expérience avec la présentation d’un cas de BIA-ALCL
découvert suite à l’apparition d’un sérome péri-prothétique,
19 ans après la mise en place de prothèses mammaires.Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell
lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) is a rare CD-30+/ALK- T-cell lymphoma. The combination of a textured breast implant, bacterial contamination and genetic predisposition appears to
be necessary for the development of BIA-ALCL. The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) has established guidelines for both diagnosis and treatment. Early
detection of the disease is essential to ensure a cure. At an
early stage and for the vast majority of patients, treatment
consists of implant removal with associated total capsulectomy. We share our experience with the presentation of a
case of BIA-ALCL discovered following the appearance of
a periprosthetic seroma, 19 years after the fitting of breast
implant
Mécanismes de résistance à la sécheresse et adaptation locale d'espèces étroitement apparentées des forêts tropicales du Gabon
No full textClimate change, particularly the increasing frequency and intensity of drought events, poses a major threat to tree populations. In response, trees can adapt through various physiological mechanisms. Investigating xylem embolism resistance (P50) and the turgor loss point (Ψtlp) provides valuable insights into local adaptation and species distribution across environmental gradients. In this study, we examined how P50 and Ψtlp vary with micro-environmental conditions in a tropical rainforest in Gabon, focusing on closely related species of the Berlinia clade (Detarioideae).
We measured P50, Ψtlp, soil properties, topographic Index (TPI/TWI) on at least six individuals of nine closely related species from the Berlinia clade, along with their morphological characteristics and life-history traits.
By covering 27% of total variation of angiosperm P50 measurements, our findings revealed that embolism resistance is influenced by key soil properties associated with soil fertility, including cation exchange capacity (CEC), sand fraction, TWI and organic matter content. Notably, intraspecific variation exceeded interspecific variation, suggesting a high degree of local plasticity in P50 adaptation, likely driven by environmental heterogeneity.
Although well-studied in the Amazonian forest, P50 variation has never been explored in tropical rainforest of Africa until this study. Understanding the mechanisms governing drought resistance in tree species is crucial for predicting and modeling the future floristic composition of African tropical rainforests.13. Climate actio
The Ardenne
No full textpeer reviewedThis overview paper focuses on the Ardenne region in its broadest sense, encompassing both the Ardenne Allochthon and the Brabant Massif. The first part delves into the Lower Paleozoic Caledonian cycle, while the second part focuses on the Upper Paleozoic Variscan cycle. The Ardenne boasts a diverse array of sedimentary rocks, with many well-described and easily accessible sections or quarries preserving these formations. Several of these sections are globally renowned for their stratigraphic or sedimentological significance. Situated west of the Rhenish Massif and south of the northern Variscan front, the Ardenne Allochthon comprises Lower Paleozoic inliers (Stavelot-Venn, Rocroi, Givonne, Serpont) belonging to the Avalonia microplate, likely influenced by both the Caledonian and Variscan
orogenies. In contrast, the Cambro-Silurian Brabant Massif, also part of Avalonia, lies north of the Variscan front and remains unaffected by Variscan orogeny. Stratigraphic and paleoenvironmental analyses suggest that the Brabant Massif and Ardenne inliers once constituted a single sedimentary basin. Divergent subsidence patterns, particularly evident during the Cambrian, imply distinct basement types: rift and rift shoulder. The Brabant-Ardenne basement records four well-dated episodes of magmatism. Geochemical analysis indicates post-collisional or intracontinental orogenic potassic
magmatism sourced from ancient lithospheric crust for felsic episodes, while mafic tholeiitic episodes suggest predominantly asthenospheric mantle origin. A Large Igneous Province (LIP) association is proposed for the bimodal magmatism across the Ardenne and is supported by zircon evidence from Ardennian unconformity conglomerates, correlating with mafic/felsic rocks of the Southern Taunus and Harz in the eastern Rhenish Massif. Geophysical data reveal that the basements of southwest Brabant, Ardenne, and Rhenish Massif extend southeastward from the Midlands microcraton. It is hypothesized that the southern rim of Avalonia comprises a metacratonic Gondwana basement separated from the West African craton during the opening of the Rheic Ocean. Finally, a geodynamic model is proposed, integrating these findings to contextualize the Brabant-Ardenne within the broader Rheno-Hercynian
realm. The Variscan sedimentary-tectonic cycle took place in the northern sector of the Rheic Ocean during the Upper Paleozoic. Beginning in the Early Devonian with renewed sedimentation on the southern periphery of the Old Red Sandstone Continent, it ended in the Late Carboniferous with the Variscan orogeny, contributing to the formation of the Pangea supercontinent. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of Devonian and Carboniferous stratigraphic units, delineating their formations, interrelations, and paleoenvironments. Lastly, it addresses the Variscan orogeny, which molded the Lower Paleozoic basement inliers and their Devonian to Carboniferous cover into a fold-and-thrust belt geometry
Compte‐rendu d’un terrain exploratoire. Aquaculture sur le littoral sud‐ouest malgache, quels enjeux ?
No full textLe présent article est le compte‐rendu d’un terrain exploratoire réalisé sur le littoral sud‐ouest de Madagascar dans le cadre d'une future recherche doctorale portant sur les activités d’aquaculture dans la région administrative d’Atsimo‐Andrefana. Le littoral malgache sud‐ouest est décrit par les acteurs locaux et la littérature comme étant sous
pression démographique, avec une diminution des prises halieutiques et une perte de la biodiversité. Dans ce contexte, des initiatives d’aquaculture sont présentées comme une solution pour lutter contre la pauvreté de la population locale et contre la baisse de biomasse et la perte de biodiversité. Les activités d’aquaculture sont organisées autour de deux modèles de production, village farming et company farming. Celles‐ci impliquent travailleurs d’entreprises et villageois, en particulier des Vezo, ethnie décrite comme pêcheurs semi‐nomades et dont l’identité serait en péril face à des activités halieutiques et aquacoles. Ces activités ne font pas l’unanimité et sont aussi décrites comme relevant de processus d’accaparement et génératrices de faits de vols et de violences. Le terrain exploratoire avait pour but de rencontrer les acteurs impliqués dans ces activités et de cerner les principaux enjeux liés aux activités d'aquaculture. Plusieurs échanges, entretiens et observations ont été menés avec différents profils (villageois, chercheurs, responsables et travailleurs dans les entreprises et ONG).
Les premiers résultats aident à formuler une problématique qui vise à comprendre les
reconfigurations du littoral dans ses dynamiques territoriales, sociales et politiques. Cette
problématique interroge aussi l’existence d’une nouvelle ingénierie sociale et questionne plus largement la gestion des biens communs que forment le littoral et ses ressources.12. Responsible consumption and productio
A Fixed-Charge Control Strategy of Trans-critical CO2 Rankine Cycle
Get PDFpeer reviewedThe trans-critical CO₂ Rankine cycle (TCRC) is an effective solution for waste heat recovery and Carnot battery applications, especially when combined with sensible heat storage and operating over a wide temperature range. However, controlling the cycle can be complex, as its performance depends heavily on selecting an appropriate high pressure. This study proposes a fixed-charge control strategy for TCRC. Instead of adjusting the high pressure in real-time, the optimal refrigerant charge is selected and maintained constant throughout operation, which is determined under an intermediate condition defined by the cooling water and thermal oil supply temperatures. The relationship between high pressure, running charge, and thermal efficiency is illustrated, and the optimum charge distribution under various conditions is presented. Then, the fixed-charge strategy is compared to the conventional optimum-high-pressure approach in a TCRC equipped with a liquid reservoir. Around the intermediate condition, both methods yield similar thermal efficiency. A refrigerant reservoir can be added between the gas heater and the expander to improve performance over a wider range of conditions. This modification reduces the maximum absolute deviation in thermal efficiency to only 0.19 %. This work supplies a simpler alternative control strategy for TCRCs, reducing system complexity while maintaining high performance.REPTES - Renewable plants integrated with pumped thermal energy storage for sustainable satisfaction of energy and agricultural needs of African communities7. Affordable and clean energ