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Soins à domicile ou soins en institution : analyse de l'impact sur la santé et le bien-être.
No full textpeer reviewedIn this paper, we present estimates of the effect of different care settings on health and well- being outcomes. We use data from the French CARE Survey, which interviews individuals aged 60 and above, to assess the differential effect of living at home or in a nursing home on mortality, morbidity and well-being indicators. In addition, we differentiate the effect between for-profit and non-profit nursing homes. To do so, we apply a propensity score matching approach that controls for selection on observables by matching people living at home with those living in nursing homes. Our results are threefold. First, we observe a positive effect of being in a nursing home on health outcomes but a negative effect on other well-being indicators such as happiness and nervousness. Second, the ownership status of the nursing home matters and the positive effect is stronger for non-profit and public nursing homes. Third, residents in for-profit nursing homes appear to to be worse off than those in nonprofit institutions. These findings raise important questions for the future organization and the funding of long-term care
Effect of organic acid salts supplementation on milk production, milk composition and blood parameters in early lactation dairy cows N
No full textpeer reviewedThis study aims to evaluate the effects of organic acid salts supplementation on early-lactation Montbéliarde (MO) and Normande (NO) dairy cows. Seventy cows (36 MO, 34 NO) were allocated to two groups (n = 35 each). The supplemented group (OA) received 50 g/cow/day of calcium and sodium malate and propionate salts from calving to 65 days postpartum, while the control group (CON) received no additives. Daily milk production was recorded for each cow, and milk composition (protein, fat, lactose) was analyzed on Days 7, 35, and 65 postpartum. Blood samples were collected on Days 7, 14, and 21 postpartum to determine biochemical parameters. Organic acid salts supplementation significantly increased milk yield and improved milk fat, protein, and lactose yields and concentrations. A significant interaction between supplementation and breed was observed for both milk yield and lactose. Significant effects were also found for blood glucose, triglycerides, albumin, total protein, and calcium concentrations. Higher blood glucose levels suggest enhanced energy status, potentially reducing the risk of hepatic steatosis by lowering triglyceride and non-esterified fatty acid accumulation. Increased plasma protein and albumin levels indicate improved liver function and protein synthesis, supporting milk production. Higher blood calcium concentrations suggest better metabolic adaptation to lactational demands. Overall, organic acid salts supplementation may help maintain health and productivity during early lactation, reducing production losses and improving dairy farm profitability
What if publication bias is the rule and net carbon loss from priming the exception?
No full textpeer reviewedPriming effects in soil science describe the influence of fresh carbon (C) inputs on rates of microbial mineralisation of native soil organic matter, which can either increase (positive priming) or decrease (negative priming). While both positive and negative priming effects occur in natural ecosystems, the latter is less documented in the peer-reviewed literature and the overall impact of priming effects on the C balance of vegetated ecosystems remains elusive. Here, we highlight three aspects which need to be discussed to ensure (rhizosphere) priming effects are correctly perceived in their ecological context and measured at appropriate scales: (i) We emphasize the importance of evaluating net C balances because usually experimental C inputs exceed C-losses meaning even positive priming doesn't cause net C-loss; (ii) We caution against publication bias, which forces over-representation of positive priming effects, neglects negative or no priming, and potentially misguides conclusions about C-loss; and (iii) We highlight the need to distinguish between general priming effects and rhizosphere-specific priming, which differ in their scale and driving factors, and hence require different methodological approaches. Future research should focus on scalable experiments linking priming to plant nutrition via C, nutrient and water cycling to understand priming in context of ecosystem functioning
True Seals as Bioindicators of Rare Earth Element Accumulation in Arctic Marine Food Webs
No full textpeer reviewedThe ongoing global energy transition has increased demand for Rare Earth Elements (REEs) used in strategic sectors such as renewable energy and digital technologies. However, there is limited understanding of REEs' trophic transfer and toxicological effects on marine ecosystems. This study investigates REE concentrations in four seal species: the harp seal (Pagophilus groenlandicus), hooded seal (Cystophora cristata), ringed seal (Pusa hispida), and bearded seal (Erignathus barbatus) from the Greenland Sea and Svalbard, serving as bioindicators for marine pollution. We quantified seven REEs (La, Nd, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Er) in freeze-dried muscle and liver tissues (63 muscle and 72 liver), which were digested via Microwave Labstation ETHOS D and analyzed using Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). All REEs were found in both tissues, with total REE concentrations (∑REEs) ranging from 1 to 530 ng.g-1 dw. Concentrations were the highest for La and Nb followed by Gd, Dy and Eu, in all samples. In Greenland seals La concentrations were slightly higher than Nb. In Svalbard seals La and Nb concentrations did not differ. Liver tissue levels were approximately 40 times higher than the levels in muscle. No regional differences were observed between the Greenland Sea and Svalbard. However, ringed seals from all locations exhibited significantly lower liver ∑REEs than the other three species. Similarly, within the Greenland Sea muscle ∑REEs were lower in ringed seals compared to harp and hooded seals, which may indicate regional variations in environmental REE distribution. Comparison with previously published data from Nunavik, Canada showed that REEs in ringed seal liver samples from Svalbard, East Greenland and Nunavik are at the similar range, whereas bearded seals from Svalbard presented a lower range of liver ∑REEs (88.8 - 501 ng.g-1 dw) than those from Nunavik (130 - 880 ng.g-1 dw). ∑REEs measured in Arctic seal liver samples were slightly higher than those measured in the Southern North Sea, whereas an opposite pattern was seen for muscle. The varying bioaccumulation of REEs between muscle and liver suggests seasonal exposure differences. These findings highlight that REE bioaccumulation in Arctic seals is influenced by numerous ecological and environmental factors, emphasizing the need to monitor these pollutants in Arctic marine ecosystems.6. Clean water and sanitatio
Le manuel scolaire en classe d’histoire de l’art dans l’enseignement secondaire supérieur : étude exploratoire et comparative sur ce support de médiation
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Genomic Newborn Screening-A Long Road From Pilot to Public Policy.
No full textpeer reviewedThis Viewpoint discusses the advancement of genomic newborn screening and explores its potential to expand the population-based detection of treatable disorders in newborns