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Modeling alkylpyrazine formation in red jujube matrix under controlled conditions of pH and temperature
Get PDFpeer reviewedAlkylpyrazines presented a pleasant "roasty" aroma and were considered as the key aroma compounds in freeze-dried red jujube. Their formation is significantly affected by temperature, pH and substrates. To understand the formation pathway of alkylpyrazines during the freeze-drying of red jujube, the solid-state models were first established. In these models, 35 mL of buffer solution (pH 5.5 and 7.8) containing glucose (5 g) and amino acids (5 g) was fully absorbed by an odorless red jujube matrix (8 g). Furthermore, the variation and correlations of volatile compounds during the heating (85 � C, 10 h) were detected and analyzed. The content of pyrazines at pH 7.8 was only 11.34% higher than that at pH 5.5 model. At pH 5.5 model, butane-2,3-dione, pentane-2,3-dione, pyruvic acid, isopropyl alcohol, acetone, and 2-hydroxypropionic acid were significantly correlated with 2-ethyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazine (3,5-EDMP). In the red jujube matrix, the dominant formation of 3,5-EDMP involved the generation of 2-aminopentane-3-one produced by the reaction of pentane-2,3-dione with ammonia, then condensed with aminoacetone (from Strecker degradation) to form dihydropyrazine, subsequently oxidized to 3,5-EDMP. A validation experiment was conducted under industrial freeze-dried conditions. The content of 3,5-EDMP with a "roasty" aroma was 15.3 times higher than that in the original red jujube when glucose (5 g) and L-lysine (5 g) were added. It was demonstrating that the aroma of red jujube products can be modulated by adding relevant aroma precursors
Concrétiser ou renoncer ? Le choix des filles de poursuivre ou non les mathématiques dans l'enseignement supérieur en Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles
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Nouveau programme de recherches et de sauvegarde consacré au complexe mégalithique de Wéris (Durbuy, prov. de Luxembourg, BE)
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Geography Education in the Face of Current and Future Challenges: Reflections and Proposals Based on an Experience in French-speaking Belgium
Get PDFpeer reviewedL’objectif de cet article est de présenter et d’analyser une expérience menée en Belgique francophone dans le cadre de la formation continue des enseignants des quatre dernières années de l’enseignement secondaire. Profitant d’une réforme en cours depuis 2018, nous avons d’abord tenté de structurer les savoirs proposés par le nouveau référentiel autour de grands défis et enjeux pour un avenir plus durable. A cette fin, nous avons travaillé les contenus et les démarches les plus pertinents au sein des quatre grandes unités d’apprentissage proposées : les populations face aux risques naturels et technologiques ; l’accès des populations aux besoins primaires (nourriture et eau) ; l’accès des populations aux ressources (énergie etautres matières premières) et la gestion d’un territoire (l’aménagement du territoire et l’accès des populations aux fonctions d’un territoire). Nous pensons en effet que l’avenir de la géographie est intimement lié à sa capacité à fournir aux élèves des clés pour leur permettre, comme les rendre “capables de débattre de questions de société, de former des personnes ouvertes d’esprit, capables de remettre en question le monde ou eux-mêmes. Mais ce renouvellement tant souhaité de la formation géographique ne peut se limiter à proposer de nouveaux contenus. Il implique aussi de passer des outils d’enseignement à des outils d’apprentissage, de repenser les démarches à utiliser afin d’amener les élèves à être les acteurs de leurs propres apprentissages. C’est l’objet de la deuxième partie de cet article qui traite notamment des nouvelles ressources numériques, du développement de l’esprit critique et de l’éducation aux médias et à l’information ainsi que d’une meilleure articulation entre la géographie scolaire et les expériences des élèves hors de l’école.The aim of this article is to present and analyse an experience carried out in French-speaking Belgium as part of the continuing education of teachers working in the final four years of secondary education. Taking advantage of an ongoing reform since 2018, we first sought to structure the knowledge proposed in the new curriculum around major challenges and issues for a more sustainable future. To this end, we worked on the most relevant content and approaches within the four major learning units proposed : populations facing natural and technological risks ; populations’ access to basic needs (food and water) ; populations’ access to resources (energy and other raw materials) ; and territorial management (spatial planning and populations’ access to the functions of a territory).
We believe that the future of geography is closely tied to its ability to provide students with tools that enable them, as Giordan (1999, p. 238) puts it, to be “capable of debating societal issues, to become open-minded individuals, able to question the world or themselves.”
However, this much-needed renewal of geography education cannot be limited to proposing new content. It also involves a shift from teaching tools to learning tools, and a rethinking of the methods used to encourage students to become active participants in their own learning. This is the focus of the second part of the article, which addresses new digital resources, the development of critical thinking, media and information literacy, and better integration between school geography and students’ out-of-school experiences.4. Quality educatio
Lu X
No full texteditorial reviewedThe comic series Little Lulu, created in 1935 by Marjorie Henderson Buell, better known as Marge, is a foundational work in American comics history, as it features one of the medium's first heroines. The series not only subverted gender norms but also achieved great commercial and critical success. Marge, as a pioneer of women-created comics, successfully penetrated the predominantly male sphere of mainstream comics, quickly expanding beyond newspapers into a wide range of merchandise, despite the pervasive sexism that her contemporaries faced.
In an unprecedented exploration at the intersection of comics (as both Bande Dessinée and Big Data), Ilan Manouach's latest conceptual book compiles all crowd scenes from Little Lulu, offering a panoramic view of crowds through the lens of one of the most influential media of the 20th and 21st centuries. As both a sponge and mirror of its sociocultural environment, comics have long been recognized as one of the mass media most capable of shaping and reflecting the values and ideologies of their time. Lu X not only concentrates human realities such as love, hate, humor, fertility, or aggression, but also contains the cultural zeitgeist, the spirit of its time, as a "total social phenomenon."
The conceptual relevance of Lu X is deeply rooted in the work of researchers on crowd movement, mass popular movements, and the rise of fascism in post-war Europe. Gabriel Tarde's notion of imitation as a primary social process is strikingly illustrated by the uniformity of collective behaviors in Lulu's world. Gustave Le Bon's description of the crowd as a singular entity susceptible to certain ideas, particularly during the rise of fascism, finds an echo in the representation of mass movements and public assemblies in the comic. Elias Canetti's ideas about the psychological foundations of crowds, particularly their tendency to grow and create a sense of equality among their members, are reflected in the masses that are both varied and unified depicted in the series.
The Lu book series represents an exploration of comics as machine-interpretable information systems. By focusing specifically on crowd scenes in Little Lulu, Manouach's work engages with how computational systems can extract, classify, and interpret visual information from comics. Using machine learning algorithms, the project demonstrates how comics can be deconstructed into data points that machines can process—panel structures, character arrangements, crowd densities, and compositional patterns become quantifiable elements that can be clustered according to various criteria such as visual similarity, temporal sequence, or narrative function. This computational approach reveals entirely new taxonomies invisible to traditional human reading—patterns of collective behavior representation that emerge only when hundreds of crowd scenes are analyzed simultaneously by algorithmic systems. The work thus functions as a meditation on how our understanding of comics is transformed when the "reader" is an artificial intelligence rather than a human interpreter. As comics increasingly exist as digital datasets rather than merely printed artifacts, Lu anticipates a future where comics historiography might be fundamentally reshaped by machine-learning approaches that identify formal patterns, visual genealogies, and evolutionary developments invisible to traditional analytical methods.
240 x 340 mm 104 pages CMYK Paperback 978-2-39008-102-9 Essaim Collection 05-11-2024 €27.0
Biographie de Pierre Louis De Visscher
Get PDFBiographie de Pierre Louis De Visscher retraçant son parcours scolaire et professionnel
Best practice recommendations for rehabilitation of anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions
Get PDFpeer reviewedLa rupture du ligament croisé antérieur (LCA) est une blessure fréquente et particulièrement sévère qui survient majoritairement dans les sports collectifs de contact ou le ski. Souvent, une reconstruction du LCA rompu sera réalisée et devra impérativement être suivie d’une rééducation optimale pour rétablir la stabilité active du genou lors des activités quotidiennes et de la pratique sportive. Cette rééducation repose sur une approche individualisée et dont l’objectif ultime est d’assurer un retour à la performance sportive tout en minimisant le risque de récidive. Le patient optimalisera tout d’abord ses probabilités de succès en réalisant une rééducation préopératoire de qualité. Après l’intervention chirurgicale, trois grandes phases vont se succéder, avec des objectifs et des moyens propres à chacune d’entre elles. Idéalement, le passage d’une phase vers la suivante s’effectuera sur base de critères précis permettant d’adapter au mieux les contraintes selon l’évolution du patient. In fine, le retour au sport sans restriction sera également basé sur un ensemble de critères objectifs et décidé de manière pluridisciplinaire