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A Cognitive Linguistics Analysis of the Metonymy of the Verb in Old French and the Verb in Old Japanese
No full text The Old and Middle French verb originally conveyed the meaning “pay attention to,” while the Premodern Japanese verb expressed the meaning “listen to.” Despite this difference, semantic parallels can be observed between the two verbs. The former encompasses meanings such as “pay attention to,” “obey,” “listen to,” “intend to,” “understand,” “hear,” and “inquire” (cf. ç, ’ ç). Similarly, the latter conveys meanings such as “listen to,” “obey,” “inquire,” and “learn” (cf. ). These usages appear to be metonymically related in a chronological sequence to their original meanings. Metonymy, the phenomenon of semantic extension based on conceptual adjacency, is described as an “implicit shift in profile” (cf. Langacker 2008: 119). This process can be explained as the conceptualizer (C) deriving the target meaning (T) based on a context or presupposition serving as the reference point (R).
This study examines how the usages of the verb and , excluding abstract meanings like “understand” and “inquire,” are metonymically situated in the semantic landscape of the two languages.
The analysis of French was conducted using the corpus , focusing on the period from the 12th century (when the verb appears) to the 17th century (when the involuntary auditory usage began to emerge prominently). For Japanese, the analysis spanned from the 8th to the 20th century, using the . In both languages, a maximum of 500 examples per century were analyzed.
In the case of the verb , the imperative form (e.g. "Entendez moi") frequently conveys the meanings “pay attention to” or “listen to,” with “pay attention to” occasionally indicated by a dative rather than an accusative object. Additionally, in the contexts of the meanings “pay attention to” and “obey,” non-auditory nouns (e.g. lei “law,” essample “example”) can also serve as objects. Conversely, the verb similarly uses the imperative form to express “pay attention to” or “obey,” but unlike the verb , it only takes auditory-related nouns as objects.
Regarding the usages “pay attention to” and “obey,” the verb takes only auditory-related nouns as objects, while the verb accepts a broader range of nouns. This suggests that the usages were not generated sequentially in a chain but rather derived around the original meaning (T1). If the usages had evolved sequentially from the original meaning, then in the case of the verb , the meaning “pay attention to” (T2) would have been generated from “listen to” (T1), becoming the new original meaning in D2. Subsequently, in D3, the meaning “obey” (T3) would take non-auditory nouns as objects. However, this does not align with the examples observed in the corpus. Since the verb has the meaning “listen to” as its original meaning (T1), subsequent usages (T2, T3) consistently take auditory-related nouns as objects. In contrast, the verb , with the original meaning “pay attention to” (T1), can take non-auditory nouns as objects. Thus, even when the meanings are semantically adjacent, the fundamental meanings of the usages differ based on the pattern of the original meaning.A Contrastive Study of Metonymy in Voluntary Auditory Verbs in Old Japanese and Old Frenc
Positionnalité de systèmes de numération de Dumont-Thomas
Get PDFDumont-Thomas numeration systems are a subclass of abstract numeration systems where the factorisation of the fixed point of a substitution is used to represent numbers. A positional numeration system is one where a weight can be assigned to each position so that the evaluation map is an inner product with the weights. For general abstract numeration systems, deciding positionality is an open problem. In this talk, we define an extension of Dumont-Thomas numeration systems to all integers. We then offer a criterion for deciding the positionality of such a system. If time permits, we show a link to Bertrand numeration systems, another familiar class of numeration systems
Dairy Powders Processing and Characterization
No full textMilk and dairy products are naturally exposed to multiple microbiological, physical and biochemical degradations. Such products require one or more stabilization operations during processing and storing to ensure acceptable sanitary and sensory qualities to the consumer. Several stabilization treatments, such as drying, are commonly applied to dairy products. A successful drying operation requires an in-depth understanding of the physic-chemical changes that occur during the production and storage of dairy powders. Mastering these changes is mandatory to avoid dairy powder degradations, which mainly depend on water dynamics and thermodynamic characteristics of the produced powder. This chapter gives an overview of dairy powder production through the understanding of the powder production principals. A discussion of some essential powder characteristics will be provided. Finally, an overview of the production of camel milk powder will be provided and will be compared with that of cow milk powder
Productivity and semantic coherence of the Evaluative Binominal Construction in Dutch, English, French and Italian. Constructions binominales en "of" et métaphore
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L'éducation financière et ses vertus sur le bien-être
No full textA travers sa carrière professionnelle, pratiquement chaque individu dispose d'un capital humain qui a une valeur financière équivalente à une obligation. Par ailleurs, si cette personne dispose d'une capacité d'épargne, elle se constitue progressivement un capital financier qu'elle doit gérer dans le temps. Le capital humain, qui n’est ni tangible ni négociable, s'érode à travers le temps tandis que le capital financier, mesurable et liquide, a vocation de d'accroître. Il est donc nécessaire de gérer ces deux trajectoires de manière dynamique et raisonnée. Ce n'est que par le truchement de l'éducation financière et d'une discipline d'investissement rigoureuse que chacun pourra construire un patrimoine financier contribuant au mieux à son bien-être dans la durée. Ce cours-conférence proposera les principes fondamentaux d’une gestion patrimoniale accessible à chacun, en démythifiant les idées préconçues sur la spéculation, les crises financières et la prise de risque sur les marchés. Il permettra aux participants de déterminer comment appliquer les principes de la gestion de portefeuille moderne à leurs propres décisions d’investissements financiers, mais aussi d’en faire bénéficier leur entourage dans une perspective intergénérationnelle
Activité préparatoire aux études supérieures. Collège Sainte-Véronique. Présentation du livre "Les Chiffonniers de Paris" d'Antoine Compagnon
Get PDFLes sublimes de l'anthropocène. Une introduction
Get PDFpeer reviewedAmerican Anthropocene Sublimes: Rhetorics and Narrations of Self and Environment in the Contemporary Ecobiographical Memoir13. Climate actio
