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Investigating serological evidence of Schmallenberg virus in cattle in eastern Algeria
Get PDFpeer reviewedSchmallenberg virus (SBV) is a newly identified virus belonging to the Orthobunyavirus genus, of the Bunyaviridae family, and transmitted by haematophagous arthropods in particular mosquitoes and biting midges of the Culicoides genus. The SBV is known to cause reproductive disorders in ruminants mainly abortions, stillbirths and congenital malformations (hydranencephaly and arthrogryposis syndromes). The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of SBV in dairy cattle in Algeria. Between September 2023 and December 2023, blood serum samples from 300 dairy cows from 75 dairy farms in north eastern Algeria were tested for SBV antibodies using a commercial indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Individual seroprevalence was 38.33% (115/300; 95.00% confidence interval: 32.83-43.83), while herd seroprevalence was 41.33% (31/75; 95.00% confidence interval: 30.18-52.47). In addition, the results of this study revealed that SBV seroprevalence at individual or herd level was high and not negligible confirming the presence of SBV in the regions studied in Algeria. In conclusion, more in-depth studies are recommended concerning the molecular proof, origin and pathogenesis of SBV in ruminants mainly those linked to reproductive disorders as well as the study of the various associated risk factors
Modélisation de l’activité humaine dans la simulation du partage d’énergie au sein d’une communauté renouvelable : prise en compte de profils de consommacteurs
Get PDFL’optimisation du partage d’énergie renouvelable dans les Communautés d'Énergie Renouvelable (CER) repose sur la mutualisation des profils de consommation. Cependant, l’intégration des comportements humains dans les modèles de simulation reste un défi. Nous proposons un modèle théorique, le Trèfle Serenity, structurant ces dynamiques à travers quatre sous-systèmes : ressources, technique, économique et humain. En modélisant des profils variés (économe, écologiste, confortable), nous analysons une première approche de l’impact des décisions individuelles sur la viabilité énergétique et économique des CER. Nos résultats visualisent la surproduction estivale et montre que la rentabilité influence les choix d’investissement et d’adhésion. Elle expose aussi comment la gestion du surplus révèle des contradictions avec la sobriété énergétique.SERENITY7. Affordable and clean energ
Monetary Policy, Inequality, and Sectoral Heterogeneity: A Multisector TANK-IO Framework
No full textStudy of the phenotypic diversity and evolutionary history of goatfishes (Teleostei, Mullidae)
No full textGoatfishes (Mullidae) are a family of demersal fishes widely distributed across the globe, particularly
in tropical and subtropical regions. They are recognized as one of the major families associated with
coral reefs, alongside Pomacentridae, Acanthuridae, Labridae, and Chaetodontidae, but Mullidae stand
out due to several unique characteristics. Unlike dominant reef families that mainly exploit the reef
structure, Mullidae also widely occupy adjacent habitats such as sandy areas, seagrass beds, or
mangroves. Primarily benthic carnivores, they capture small prey buried in the substrate using a pair of
hyoid barbels located under the chin. This sensory structure, covered by taste buds, is unique among
reef fishes. Furthermore, while most reef fish families emerged 50 to 60 million years ago, Mullidae
appeared more recently, around 25 million years ago. They are notably absent from Eocene deposits
where the majority of reef fish were already present.
The aim of this doctoral thesis is to better understand the evolutionary processes behind the diversity of
tropical coastal fishes, using Mullidae as a model group. To do so, I built a robust phylogenomic tree
including 78% of described species, based on thousands of loci obtained through the ultraconserved
elements (UCEs) method. I also assembled a phenotypic dataset covering various aspects of Mullidae
ecology such as general body shape, head shape, anatomical characteristics of barbels, and pigmentation
patterns. Additionally, ecological data were collected during a case study in Madagascar, including
stomach content and stable isotope analyses. All these data were analyzed within an integrative
phylogenetic framework to describe the diversification of Mullidae, particularly by testing three possible
evolutionary scenarios: adaptive radiation, non-adaptive radiation, and multiple evolutionary
convergences.
The study of an assemblage of fourteen Mullidae species from the Grand Récif of Toliara (Madagascar)
revealed a strong link between head shape and trophic ecology. In particular, snout length and eye size
and position were directly associated with distinct feeding strategies. Species of the Upeneus genus,
characterized by a short snout and a large, anteriorly positioned eye, forage through the upper substrate
layers using their snout. In contrast, species of the Parupeneus genus, with an elongated snout and
smaller, more posterior eyes, exploit reef crevices or deeper sediment layers. Isotopic analysis revealed
trophic segregation organized along a spatial gradient from the lagoon to the outer reef slope. The
distribution of Parupeneus species is directly linked to head shape: long-snouted species are found on
the outer reef slope, while short-snouted species mainly inhabit the lagoon. Upeneus occurs exclusively
on the outer slope, whereas Mulloidichthys appears to occupy or migrate between both zones. The
morphological analysis of barbels also highlighted the singularity of the genus Upeneus, which displays
shorter barbels but with a higher density of small taste buds, opposite to Parupeneus and Mulloidichthys.
This barbel morphological variation is likely associated with different prey-searching strategies,
especially between various substrate types (i.e., reef vs soft substrate).
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The new phylogenomic tree, including 76 species, refines interspecific relationships while confirming
the monophyly of the six genera and two distinct subgroups within the Upeneus genus. The exploration
of lineage accumulation dynamics over time revealed a residual signal of elevated early speciation rates
followed by a progressive decline. This speciation dynamic appears to have been accompanied by a very
low extinction rate.
The study of the diversification of different phenotypic traits (general body morphology, head shape,
barbel characteristics, and pigmentation patterns) revealed contrasting evolutionary patterns among
traits. Divergences in head shape among lineages emerged early in Mullidae evolutionary history and
remained relatively stable. Pigmentation patterns diverged later within genera and showed numerous
convergences. Barbel characteristics were highly conserved across genera, with the exception of a recent
diversification within Upeneus. General body morphology evolved rather constantly over time.
All of these results support a scenario of adaptive radiation likely initiated by the emergence of a key
innovation represented by the hyoid barbels and unfolding in several phases. A first diversification phase
would be linked to distinct foraging strategies associated with head shape variation. Then, lineages
would have diversified through the use of different foraging zones. Finally, differentiation in
pigmentation patterns would be associated with divergence in visual signaling. Although Mullidae differ
from the dominant reef fish families in their evolutionary and ecological characteristics, the evidence of
adaptive radiation in this group echoes other similar examples in dominant reef taxa such as clownfishes
or triggerfishes. However, the stepwise progression of this radiation—rarely documented among major
families—has so far only been observed in parrotfishes. This highlights that the immense diversity of
reef ichthyofauna has been shaped by an equally vast and nuanced diversity of evolutionary processes
Negative emotion reduces the temporal compression of events in episodic memory
Get PDFRecent studies have revealed that the continuous flow of information that characterizes naturalistic events is temporally compressed in episodic memory, so that remembering an event generally takes less time than the duration of the past episode. However, the specific characteristics of an event that influence its temporal compression in memory remain poorly understood. In the present study, we examined the extent to which the negative valence of events impacts their rate of compression in memory representations. We conducted two experiments in which participants were instructed to mentally replay a series of videos depicting negative or neutral events. The results showed that the time taken to mentally replay a video, relative to the actual video duration, was significantly longer for negative than for neutral videos. These results suggest that negative emotion increases the sampling rate of units of experience that represent the course of events, leading to a lower compression of events in memory representations
Meta-Discursive Formulas a Subtype of Keywords and its Pragmatic Effects: The Case of ‘Fake News’ in the Francophone Press
No full textpeer reviewedThis article argues that, in socio-discursive studies on keywords, it is worth examining not only the fluctuating meaning of those keywords (which is what is usually thoroughly investigated), but also more basically their denotation: I thereby postulate that the type of realities to which keywords refer matters. Taking ‘fake news’ as a case in point, this contribution holds that keywords referring to forms of discourse can be considered to fall into a subtype of keywords, which thus have particular pragmatic implications. Using the theoretical framework that Krieg-Planque (2009) helped to establish for the notion of formula, I call this category meta-discursive formulas. The analysis of ‘fake news’ in the francophone press leads me to identify different levels of this metalinguistic feature. By drawing from a punctual comparison with other keywords of the same type, as well as by going back from the general notions of keyword and formula, I then focus on the performativity that might be specific to this meta-discursive type of formulas. Three interwoven rhetorical effects are briefly discussed in this regard: the participation in a process of categorisation of other discourses, a return effect of self-legitimisation, and the creation of a specific interactional contract with the recipient of the text
The Variability of Textural Properties and Drying Characteristics of Dehydrated Sewage Sludge
Get PDFpeer reviewedThis study investigates the drying behavior and rheological properties of dehydrated sewage sludge from various wastewater treatment plants in the Liege region (Belgium). Emphasizing the characterization of key parameters to enhance sludge management strategies, a series of experiments were conducted, including total solid content (TSC) determination, volatile solid content (VSC) analysis, texture profile analysis (TPA), penetrometry, and oscillatory rheology tests. Results showed no significant trends between specific evaporation capacity and the analyzed variables, cohesiveness, TSC, VSC, hardness, yield, and flow point. However, a clear trend indicated that higher G′ values are associated with improved drying rates. This aligns with the existing literature, suggesting that the viscoelastic properties of sludge, represented by G′, could potentially predict drying performance. A strong correlation between G′ and cohesiveness was also observed, recommending the use of G′ as the primary parameter due to the standardization and reliability of rheological tests. Despite the limited sample size, the study provides a valuable starting point for future research. Further investigations with larger sample sizes and controlled laboratory conditions are recommended to validate these findings and establish ranges within which the studied properties can be useful for future calculations and analyses. These efforts will contribute to optimizing sludge drying processes and promoting sustainable wastewater treatment practices
Magnetic shielding in a planar geometry: using ferromagnetic washers to screen in-plane fields
Get PDFpeer reviewedMagnetic shielding is a crucial aspect for many
electronic devices and sensors. In this paper, we investigate the
magnetic shielding properties of ferromagnetic washers in a
planar geometry in view of an integration with on-chip devices,
focussing on the transverse configuration, i.e. with the applied
f
ield parallel to the plane of the washer. We show that, in this
configuration, the shielding factor of a washer can exceed the
predictions of previous studies. We argue that the magnetic
shielding results from the capture of the external magnetic flux
by the upper and lower faces of the washer, and its subsequent
channeling through the washer material and around the central
hole. We present experimental results and numerical simulations,
and discuss the influence of the geometry of the washer, the
permeability and the saturation of the ferromagnetic material.
We propose an explanation for the observed behaviour and
provide empirical formulae to estimate different quantities char
acterizing the shielding properties of washers in the transverse
configuration
Public intimacy: Kluge, affects and feminist dialogues
No full textpeer reviewedThe aim of my talk is to highlight a feminist tradition of the concept of public sphere, based on Alexander Kluge's (and Oskar Negt's) work on feelings. In 1972, in Öffentlichkeit und Erfahrung, Negt and Kluge opposed Strukturwandel der Öffentlichkeit (1962) with a description of public sphere based on proletarian experience. They insisted on the conditions that make dialogue and rightness thought possible: language, imagination and dialectical relations were at the heart of their reflections. Although both authors subsequently seemed to distance themselves from the concept of public sphere, it has recently been shown that there is a profound continuity between Öffentlichkeit und Erfahrung and Geschichte und Eigensinn (1981): the transition from one book to the other corresponds to an increased attention to history and social transformations, which presupposes a valorization of subjectivities and their feelings considered in the long term (Langston, 2020). This history of feelings organizes the forms of trust and cooperation at the heart of Kluge's stories and films.
My presentation will be divided into three parts. First, following Heide Schlüppman's classic studies (October, vol. 46, 1988; New German Critique, n°. 49, 1990), I will recall the theoretical and practical debates with German feminist movements that form and construct the political and epistemological background of Klug's theory of feeling.
This review will enable me to compare the way in which Kluge and Habermas took into account feminist critiques of their respective conceptions of public sphere. In particular, I will compare the new preface to the seventeenth German edition of The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere, published in 1990, with the speech Kluge gave when he received the Lessing-Preis from the city of Hamburg in 1989 (Personen und Reden, 2012, pp. 7-22). I will show how Kluge's notion of “weak feelings” blurs and historicizes the division of public and private that marks both the strength and weakness of the Habermasian conception of public sphere to this day. The latter is indeed hampered by the maintenance of a rigid distinction between the public and the private, as evidenced by its resigned inability to think of social networks as anything other than unmediated spaces (A New Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere and Deliberative Politics, Wiley, 2023). In contrast, Kluge's work constantly questions the division of public and private.
Finally, in a third section, I will show how Kluge's situated, sensitive and productive conception of public sphere enables us to think about a feminist tradition of public sphere and its transformations since the 1970s. It's not just a question of taking original account of affects in public space, but of structuring what might be called a “public intimacy”. In the French-speaking public sphere, which I'll take as an example, the recent rise of new feminist journals since MeToo gives concrete form to the Klugian project of a “parliament of feelings” (Langston, 2020).5. Gender equalit
Importance de la respiration nasale dès l'enfance
Get PDFDans le cadre du cours de développement durable (partim 2), des étudiants en Sciences de la Motricité, en Médecine, en Dentisterie et en Pharmacie ont pu tester leur odorat en intérieur et puis en extérieur ainsi que leur type de respiration. Cette fiche pédagogique a montré l'importance d'une respiration nasale dans la prévention des dysmorphoses orthodontiques car elle favorise l'expansion des bases osseuses maxillaire et mandibulaire. Exercer notamment son odorat en extérieur permettrait, selon diverses études dans les pays nordiques, de diminuer les infections respiratoires et d'améliorer le développement sensori-moteur dès l'enfance. Les outils utilisés pour cette journée de cours en extérieur ont été: le Loto des Odeurs et le test Awake Breathing Pattern Assessement (ABPA)