256488 research outputs found
Sort by
Passages d'enfantômes. Une exposition en plein vent.
Full text link« En el aire conmovido... »
6 novembre, 2024 - 17 mars, 2025
Madrid, Museo Reina Sofía y Centre de Cultura Contemporània de Barcelona (CCCB)
Commissaire : G. Didi-Huberman
Madrid, derniers jours de novembre. Traversée de l’Europe pour découvrir la nouvelle exposition imaginée par Georges Didi-Huberman, exposition au titre énigmatique et (littéralement) inspirant : « En el aire conmovido... » (dans l’air troublé, déplacé – André Belamich a proposé « la brise qui s’émeut », et Alice Becker-Ho « les airs commotionnés » ). J’ai déjà beaucoup fréquenté les idées et les livres de Didi-Huberman, et cette affinité – construite vaille que vaille – me pousse encore une fois à Madrid ; je ne voudrais pas manquer l’occasion de voir son dernier travail présenté au Reina Sofía. Et à la fois : qu’en dire, au retour ? Sinon qu’il a produit les effets de déstabilisation attendus. Mais quel exercice de partage engager à partir de là ? Comment décoller cette expérience du plan de ma seule sensibilité pour la traduire plus largement ? Comment ne pas, se faisant, redoubler une justesse trouvée, d’un brouillard qui dissiperait toute clarté – car souvent, les critiques rendent plus ardue encore la compréhension des propositions artistiques commentées. Quelle vanité auraient sinon les discours sur l’art, s’ils rendent plus confuse encore l’expérience esthétique. Je m’autoriserai d’abord à sortir un peu du cadre, ou plutôt, à le considérer pour lui-même, ce cadre : les textes de Fluxnews m’ont toujours parus enthousiastes et sans prétention (au sens positif de la formule). Il me semble qu’on ne perçoit jamais dans ce journal les travers de la critique d’art qui, s’étant professionnalisée, finit par se conformer à la rudesse attendue. Les critiques d’art qui proposent ici leurs textes n’ont pas le réflexe de se présenter en juges de ce qu’ils ont sous les yeux. J’avoue tenir vraiment à cet espace préservé des bastonnades intellectuelles et de la prise de pouvoir symbolique sur les impressions de chacun·e. Mais le risque n’est jamais nul. Et non plus le risque de rester à distance de l’expérience dont on veut parler, à force de mots trop choisis, inutilement sophistiqués. Et non plus celui de laisser à distance la lectrice ou le lecteur, qui ne demande pas à être snobé par un charabia inutile, mais qui cherche à simplement se laisser entrainer là où, cette fois-ci en tout cas, il n’était pas
Descriptions et perceptions des lieux dans quelques récits de voyage en Terre sainte à la fin du Moyen Âge
No full textA Multisector TANK-IO model: the heterogeneity in the production economy matters for inequalit
No full textL’intelligence artificielle, une alliée dans le développement des compétences en entretien clinique ?
Full text linkTemporal Stages of Burnout: narrative review
Full text linkpeer reviewedDue to the increasing number of burnout cases, prevention and management of burnout have become major concerns, underscoring the importance of further research to better delineate this phenomenon. To provide a contemporary understanding rooted in the experiences of workers, this article introduces a qualitative approach to the experience of burnout as a temporal process. Some authors emphasize burnout as a state, while others identify it as a process integrating symptomatology alone or associating it with changes in the work context. According to a temporal perspective focused on both symptomatology and the professional context, a narrative review of the literature was conducted to investigate the evolution of burnout. The bibliographic databases Medline (Ovid) and Psycinfo (Ovid), as well as Google Scholar, were consulted. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were defined to select relevant studies, including thematic relevance, adult population, qualitative or descriptive methodology while excluding papers lacking full-text availability and irrelevant contexts. A narrative analysis was conducted, involving a thorough examination of the methodologies, findings, and limitations of the chosen studies. Results were synthesized and classified to discern common themes concerning the temporal progression of burnout. This research identified four stages that depict this temporal process: engagement and enthusiasm with a high job ideal (stage 0), weakening of the ideal (stage 1), protective withdrawal (stage 2) and confirmed burnout (stage 3). At stage 0, individuals are fully engaged in their work, driven by idealistic enthusiasm. They invest a lot of energy in their tasks, considering work as a major source of personal accomplishment. At this stage, signs of burnout are rare. In stage 1, professional ideal begins to show signs of weakness. Work hindrance stressors and conflicting events start to diminish initial enthusiasm. Despite efforts exerted to exhaustion, individuals are confronted with obstacles that question their progress and professional fulfillment, resulting in a feeling of stagnation and doubt. At stage 2, a protective withdrawal occurs. What was once a source of work satisfaction is now perceived as a threat. Individuals develop strategies to protect themselves from harmful situations and begin to adopt an increasing cynicism towards organizational values. Work-related issues also start to impact their personal lives. Finally, in stage 3, burnout is confirmed. The ideal of a fulfilling job has completely disappeared, and individuals find themselves unable to maintain their usual functioning. Often triggered by a critical event, burnout manifests as intense emotional and physical distress, potentially leading to sick leave and an increased risk of depression. Doubts arise about their identity and personal worth, marking the beginning of an awareness and a reassessment of their relationship with work. Without being prescriptive or exhaustive, the study offers a model outlining a clinical framework for the evolution from a positive work engagement situation to an untenable suffering state for the worker, aiming to facilitate the translation between theory and practice while considering the evolution of the professional context and symptomatology. This model also prompts reflection on prevention. Primary prevention is referred to the stage 0, secondary prevention at stages 1 and 2, and tertiary prevention for stage 3. Practitioners can thus use this model earlier to assess environmental and individual factors contributing to burnout, raise awareness of early signs of burnout, or plan personalized follow-up based on the worker's journey and the evolution of their suffering.Suite à l’augmentation des cas de burnout, la prévention et la prise en charge du burnout sont devenus des enjeux cruciaux, soulignant ainsi l'importance de poursuivre la recherche pour mieux décrire ce phénomène. Afin de proposer une compréhension ancrée dans le vécu des travailleurs, cet article présente un modèle du vécu du burnout en tant que processus temporel, contextuel et symptomatologique. Une revue narrative de la littérature a été réalisée via les bases de données bibliographiques Medline (Ovid), Psycinfo (Ovid) et Google Scholar. Les articles étaient sélectionnés sur base de documents descriptifs et qualitatifs portant sur les étapes menant au burnout. La recherche de littérature a permis d’identifier 9 articles pertinents. Les résultats de l’analyse des documents ont permis de mettre en avant quatre stades traduisant ce processus temporel : (1) l’engagement au travail avec un enthousiasme idéaliste (stade 0), (2) la fragilisation de l’idéal (stade 1) caractérisé par l’apparition des changements et contradictions dans l’environnement professionnel, (3) le retrait protecteur (stade 2) caractérisé par l’apparition des premiers symptômes et les mécanismes de défense, et (4) le burnout avéré (stade 3) marqué par un incident critique. De manière non prescriptive ni exhaustive, l’étude propose un modèle permettant de dresser un tableau clinique de l’évolution d’une situation positive d’engagement au travail à une situation de souffrance intenable pour le travailleur, de faciliter la transposition entre la théorie et la pratique tout en tenant compte de l’évolution du contexte professionnel et de la symptomatologie. Ce modèle permet également de questionner les préventions primaire, secondaire et tertiaire selon la temporalité des quatre stades
Ouverture de canopée causée par l'exploitation du bois en Afrique Centrale
Full text linkpeer reviewedAbstract
A third of the forest area in Central Africa has been granted to logging companies. Logging is highly selective in the region, with an average of 0.7 to 4.0 trees harvested per ha, but its direct impact on forest structure and the spatial variation of this impact remain understudied. Here, we investigated the direct impact of logging on forest structure, we related this impact to logging intensity and canopy opening. We compiled unique datasets collecting field measurements and aerial observations in four FSC certified concessions. Our data includes pre- and post-logging inventory of forest plots covering 38 ha, records of over 6,000 harvested trees, and drone RGB images covering over 6,000 ha.;In average, logging activities reduced forest above-ground biomass by 8.8%, stem density by 6.5%, basal-area by 8.5% and canopy cover by 4.4%. Strong relationships were found between the reduction in biomass, stem density, or basal area with logging intensity, canopy opening and the number and volume of harvested trees (rRMSE between 0.128 and 0.164). Additionally, we demonstrated that canopy opening can be a good indicator to monitor and upscale logging intensity (rRMSE between 0.0005 and 0.0022). This study is the first covering extensive inventory plots and UAV (uninhabited aerial vehicle) images before and after logging in different locations in Central Africa, providing a valuable reference to evaluate the impact of logging on forest structure. It demonstrates how canopy opening can be used to estimate measurements usually collected in the field and provides to the remote sensing community a unique dataset that will help improving monitoring systems (https://hdl.handle.net/2268/323683). These findings also have significant implications to control and manage logging activities, especially for certification standards, forest administrations, and European regulationsProgramme de Promotion de l'Exploitation Certifiée des Forêt
Where was my mind? Neurophysiological correlates of mind blanking
Full text linkHuman experience is rich and contentful. At any moment, our thoughts encompass many
perceptions, beliefs, emotions, and feelings. Yet, the notion of a contentful mind does not
fully capture our experience. Recent paradigms of spontaneous thinking reveal that people sometimes fail to report content or have nothing to report. This experience, termed mind-blanking (MB), contrasts with the assumption that the mind is always filled with content and raises the question: Why does introspection sometimes yield nothing? Neuroscientific research suggests that MB occurs during reduced cortical arousal. Aligning with this view, the present thesis seeks to deepen our understanding of MB by examining how arousal extends beyond cortical correlates to include bodily physiology, highlighting its role in facilitating MB reports.
Specifically, we used a cohort of neurophysiological modalities under different experimental settings to relate MB to an underlying brain-body structure. In Study 1, we examined cortical activity preceding MB reports to identify brain regions engaged when individuals are unable to report their thoughts at rest. In Study 2, we combined experience sampling under different arousal conditions with concomitant brain-body measurements to correlate the frequency of MB reports with different brain-body states. Finally, in Study 3, we examined fMRI-EEG activity during a sustained attention-to-response task to differentiate the neuronal correlates of MB and low arousal and understand the electrophysiological origins of these neuronal correlates.
In summary, we demonstrate that MB is associated with BOLD deactivations spanning the
whole brain. Compared to mental states with reportable content, we observed deactivations in frontal and parietal areas. Furthermore, we show that MB is an arousal-mediated mental state, with its occurrence increasing during altered arousal levels. While MB could be decoded from body activity alone, optimal decoding requires both brain and body activity. Lastly, we show that alertness and mental states are neuronally dissociable. In the General Discussion, I outline a roadmap for MB research, focusing on a) exploring the phenomenology of “no thought” and b) creating a psychological model of MB. Taken together, this thesis bridges brain and body rhythms with self-reported experience to reveal moments at the boundaries of consciousness, where being awake does not necessarily translate into conscious thought
Étude en contexte des revers des peintures murales de la Domus aux Bucranes (Ostie) : allers-retours entre architecture et techniques picturales
No full texteditorial reviewedParmi les six décors picturaux de IIe style issus de la Domus aux Bucranes (2 phases : 60-50 av. J.-C. et 40-30 av. J.-C.) à Ostie, cinq peuvent être contextualisés dans l’architecture grâce à des portions découvertes in situ sur les bas de mur subsistants. La présentation des décorations remontées avait déjà mis en évidence l’adéquation des motifs à la fonction et l’organisation spatiale des pièces. Un examen minutieux des enduits de ces peintures permet désormais une caractérisation approfondie du lien entre les procédés picturaux mis en œuvre et les particularités de leurs supports architecturaux, fournissant des points de comparaisons entre les pièces et les phases. En outre, le relevé des empreintes et vestiges conservés aux revers des fragments, associé aux données sur la structure de l’édifice livrées par la fouille, fournit des indices essentiels pour remettre en contexte les portions de peinture isolées et, au-delà, formuler des hypothèses concernant les élévations perdues
Capteur SPADs pour mesure de la vitesse du vent par effet Doppler (mise à jour 2025)
No full textSpace4ReLaunc
Designing a decision support tool for strategic waste collection
No full texteditorial reviewedWaste collection management has seen an increasing interest in the OR community these past years. This is due to the wide range of Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problems (CVRP) studied and the growing trend in studying sustainability-related problems.
For waste collection companies, it can be challenging to identify the type of strategy most suitable for a given situation. On the one hand, the complexity of the state-of-the-art algorithms presented in the literature; on the other hand, the data needed for these algorithms can be challenging to obtain and encode.
In partnership with Alpenluft, a Swiss waste collection consulting company, and the Innosuisse agency supporting R\&D projects, we developed the WasteLogs application, a user-friendly strategic waste collection decision tool. The application offers interfaces allowing the encoding of the collection points, the amounts of waste to collect, and the collection strategy in different features that can be combined to generate a routing for collection vehicles. There are currently three state-of-the-art collection strategies implemented in the tool. Each algorithm minimizes the CO2 emissions through heuristic methods; the user can then identify what collection strategy is the most suitable and extract the information needed to import them into GPS systems. WasteLogs also allows importing existing collection tours to evaluate whether they can be improved.
The major contribution of this tool is the possibility of testing a wide range of scenarios through the granularity of the data the user can input. We present a case study in Swiss municipalities. Each municipality has very different characteristics such as the topology of the road network, the density of the population, type and amount of waste to collect, some areas with restriction on the type of vehicule that can be used for collection, the location of the waste depots,... We show in numerical experiments that based on these information, the best strategy for waste collection varies strongly from one municipality to another, emphazing the need in having decisions tools allowing to test a wide range of setting for the end user