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Measurements of the production cross-section for a Z boson in association with b- or c-jets in proton–proton collisions at s = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector
No full textAbstract
This paper presents a measurement of the production cross-section of a Z boson in association with b- or c-jets, in proton–proton collisions at
s
=
13
TeV with the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 140
fb
-
1
. Inclusive and differential cross-sections are measured for events containing a Z boson decaying into electrons or muons and produced in association with at least one b-jet, at least one c-jet, or at least two b-jets with transverse momentum
p
T
>
20
GeV and rapidity
|
y
|
<
2.5
. Predictions from several Monte Carlo generators based on next-to-leading-order matrix elements interfaced with a parton-shower simulation, with different choices of flavour schemes for initial-state partons, are compared with the measured cross-sections. The results are also compared with novel predictions, based on infrared and collinear safe jet flavour dressing algorithms. Selected
Z
+
≥
1
c
-jet observables, optimized for sensitivity to intrinsic-charm, are compared with benchmark models with different intrinsic-charm fractions
Teachers’ perceptions of the mental health of learners at a Saudi Arabian boys’ international school
No full textAbstract and text in EnglishDespite the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) has been well-endowed with oil reserves, it has realised that it will not be able to compete with the world holistically, except where oil is concerned. Vision 2030 emerged as a means of modernisation and globalisation for the country, yet the KSA has been facing an upward spiral of mental health issues in schools, with little being done to combat it. This alarming upward spiral has infiltrated into its international schools, not only affecting national learners, but international ones too. The implications of limited outreach and policy in this respect have resulted in a more widespread lack of awareness, as well as continued stigma manifestation within society. The current study investigated teachers’ perceptions of learners’ mental health at a Saudi Arabian international boys’ school, the lack of research served as the impetus for this investigation amongst boy learners in relation to their mental health in KSA, which has been dictated by society and is still not openly and widely dealt with. Furthermore, mental health is not explicitly discussed in policy, which hinders progress within the area. Education is crucial for social and economic advancement; thus, reform is a phenomenon that is widespread and should be in the forefront of any country’s national reform policies. The lack of psychological reform in education in Saudi Arabia has highlighted the need for this study to be undertaken. Furthermore, the emphasis on boys in this study arises from a lack of research on the mental health of boys in the KSA. This approach fills a substantial vacuum in the current research and adds to a more complete knowledge of boys’ mental health in the region. To address these issues, the study's goal was to investigate teachers' perceptions of learners' mental health at a Saudi Arabian international boys' school. The study was conducted qualitatively, using semi-structured interviews with ten English speaking teachers, with the aim of identifying teachers' understanding of the phenomenon, as well as perceptions of boys' mental health, cultural and societal expectations, challenges, and Vision 2030. The study was underpinned by Jorm’s (2000) framework of mental health literacy. The findings of this research will benefit policymakers, Ministry of Education officials, educational companies, principals, teachers, parents, and, most importantly, learners. By understanding and tackling these issues, the study aimed to amplify teachers’ experiences and perceptions, whilst enhancing educational policies, and ultimately improving the holistic quality of education within the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. In terms of their perceptions, teachers identified contributing factors to the country’s mental health issues, which include a lack of training, lack of awareness, societal and cultural expectations and standards, and parental perceptions. The findings indicated a need for effective teacher training to address factors like awareness and learner support deficiencies. Policymakers should tailor educational policy to tackle issues in areas such as teacher training, awareness campaigns, and support enhancement. There is a great need for a mental health policy in education to ensure that learners are supported, guided, and given the necessary treatment. Counselling is pivotal and schools should play a proactive role to support it. Promoting parental awareness, supporting teachers’ viewpoints, and collaborating with experts are recommended for the holistic development and progression of mental health literacy within the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.M. Ed. (Psychology of Education)College of Educatio
The Pauline discourse of justification in the thought of John Chrysostom
No full textAbstract in English and AfrikaansAccording to John Chrysostom, the Letter to the Romans is the epistle on justification. This study examines the discourse of justification in the Letter to the Romans as interpreted by Chrysostom. The aim is to analyse Chrysostom’s homilies and practices regarding justification, engaging his thoughts with modern scholarship to understand his comprehensive view of justification. The thesis seeks to interthread the fields of biblical studies and patristics, considering them as integrated disciplines. The study begins by outlining the anthropological and ontological problems after the Fall, and then it examines Chrysostom’s understanding of justification as a solution to the human condition. It explores the purpose of natural and written laws as temporary aids for humanity until the time of the revelation of God’s righteousness in and through Christ’s redeeming works. The thesis assesses the role of faith and grace in justification, and analyses the images used in his discourse which enriches his views. The study also examines Chrysostom’s theology, practice, and rites of baptism as his method of attaining righteousness, then suggests the idea that repentance is a renewal of baptism. Finally, it considers the ultimate purpose of justification as deification. The analysis concludes that the reality of deification is in one’s conduct according to Christ, and stems from an upright faith, upright mind, and upright walk. The study suggests that according to Chrysostom, justification is the remaking of the individual.Volgens Johannes Chrysostomus is die Brief aan die Romeine die brief oor regverdigmaking. Hierdie studie ondersoek die diskoers van regverdigmaking in die Brief aan die Romeine soos ontleed deur Chrysostomus. Die doel is om Chrysostomus se homilieë en praktyke rakende regverdigmaking te ontleed en sy gedagtes met moderne navorsing te betrek om sy omvattende siening van regverdigmaking te verstaan. Die proefskrif poog om die vakgebiede van Bybelkunde en patristiek met mekaar te verbind en beskou dié vakgebiede as geïntegreerde dissiplines. Die studie begin deur die antropologiese en ontologiese probleme na die sondeval uiteen te sit, en dan ondersoek dit Chrysostomus se begrip van regverdigmaking as ‘n oplossing vir die menslike toestand. Dit ondersoek die doel van natuurlike en skriftelike wette as tydelike hulpmiddels vir die
mensdom tot die tyd van die openbaring van God se geregtigheid in en deur Christus se verlossende werke. Die proefskrif beoordeel die rol van geloof en genade in regverdigmaking, en ontleed die beelde wat in Chrysostomus se diskoers gebruik word wat sy sienings verryk. Die studie ondersoek ook Chrysostomus se teologie, praktyk en doopsrituele as sy metode om geregtigheid te verkry, en
stimuleer dan die idee dat bekering ‘n vernuwing van die doop is. Laastens word in ag geneem dat die uiteindelike doel van regverdigmaking vergoddeliking (deifikasie) is. Daar word tot die gevolgtrekking gekom dat die werklikheid van vergoddeliking in die gedrag volgens Christus is, en dit spruit uit ‘n opregte geloof, opregte verstand en opregte wandel. Die studie dui daarop dat regverdigmaking volgens Chrysostomus die herskepping van die individu is.Ph. D. (Religious Studies)Religious Studies and Arabi
Activity-based costing model as a mechanism to promote sound financial management: a case of Elias Motsoaledi local municipality
No full textText in English with summaries and keywords in English, Zulu and AfrikaansThe purpose of this study was to determine the costing model used at the Elias Motsoaledi Local Municipality (EMLM) and assess whether the implementation of ABC would be suitable to promote sound financial management. Quantitative research approach and case study strategy were adopted. Data was gathered through structured questionnaires with closed-ended questions administered to 30 participants at the Department of Budget and Treasury at EMLM. The data was analysed through descriptive statistics. The findings of this study revealed that there is a lack of knowledge and understanding among selected finance staff regarding cost accounting techniques and current financial systems utilised by EMLM; the Incremental Budgeting costing system required enhancement to perform at a higher efficient level; and EMLM should evaluate utilisation of Incremental Budgeting costing system. The study recommended that EMLM should review the current allocation and costing system, develop and review policies and guidelines on application of costing techniques.Inhloso yalolu cwaningo bekuwukuthola ngohlelo lokunquma ngezindleko esetshenziswa kuMasipala Wendawo i-Elias Motsoaledi (EMLM) kanye nokuhlola ukuthi ukuqaliswa kokusebenza kwe-ABC kuzoba ngokufanele yini ekuthuthukiseni ukuphathwa kahle kwezezimali. Lapha kusetshenziswe uhlelo lokucwaninga izilinganiso kanye nemibhalo ecwaningiwe. Idatha iqoqwe ngohlelo lwemibuzo enezimpendulo okhetha kuzo kusetshenziswa ababambiqhaza abangama-30 ngaphansi koMnyango Wesabelomali Nomgcinimafa kumasipala i-EMLM. le datha ihlaziywe ngokohlelo lwezibalo ezichazayo. Imiphumela yalolu cwaningo iveze ukuthi kukhona ukuntuleka ngolwazi nokuqonda phakathi kwabasebenzi bezezimali abakhethiwe mayelana namasu okubalwa kwezindleko nezinhlelo zezezimali zamanje ezisetshenziswa kumasipala i-EMLM; uhlelo lwezindleko Zokukhuphuka Kwesabelomali ludinga ukuthuthukiswa ukuze lusebenze kahle nasemazingeni aphakeme; kanti-ke umasipala i-EMLM kufanele uhlole ukusetshenziswa lwalolu hlelo. Lolu cwaningo luncoma ukuthi umasipal i-EMLM kufanele ubuyekeze uhlelo lwawo lokwabiwa kwezindleko, uthuthukise futhi ubuyekeze izinqubomgomo nemihlahlandlela mayelana namasu okubhekana nezindleko.Die doel van hierdie studie was om die koste-model te bepaal wat by die Elias Motsoaledi plaaslike munisipaliteit (Elias Motsoaledi Local Municipality, EMLM) gebruik word, en te assesseer of die implementering van aktiwiteitsgebaseerde kosteberekening (activity-based costing, ABC) geskik sal wees om gesonde finansiële bestuur te bevorder. ’n Kwantitatiewe navorsingsbenadering en gevallestudie-strategie is gebruik. Data is ingesamel deur gestruktureerde vraelyste met geslote vrae wat vir 30 deelnemers by die Departement van Begroting en Tesourie gegee is. Die data is ontleed deur beskrywende statistiek. Die bevindings van hierdie studie het getoon dat daar ’n gebrek aan kennis en begrip onder geselekteerde finansiële personeel is wat betref kosteberekeningstegnieke en huidige finansiële stelsels wat deur EMLM gebruik word; dat die inkrementele begrotingskostestelsel moet verbeter om op ’n hoër doeltreffendheidsvlak te presteer; en dat EMLM die aanwending van die inkrementele begrotingskostestelsel moet evalueer. Die studie het aanbeveel dat EMLM die huidige toekenning- en kostestelsel moet hersien, en beleide en riglyne moet ontwikkel en hersien wat betref die toepassing van kosteberekeningstegnieke.M. P. A.Centre for Public Administration and Managemen
Community Governed Infrastructure: A national Infrastructure for Data and Data-Intensive Research
No full textThe teaching and assessment of grade nine mathematics learners in selected secondary schools in Johannesburg
No full textAbstracts and key words in English and AfrikaansImproving mathematics education remains a global priority due to its impact on learning outcomes and teacher effectiveness. In South Africa, Grade 9 represents a pivotal stage in learners’ academic development, particularly in mathematics, which serves as a foundation for future success in STEM fields. Performance at this level often determines learners’ academic trajectories and career opportunities. This study explores the persistent challenges in Grade 9 Mathematics education, focusing on low achievement and ineffective assessment practices. Using a qualitative, phenomenological approach grounded in constructivist and social cognitive theories, the research gathered insights from twelve teachers across four Johannesburg East secondary schools through interviews, classroom observations, and document analysis. Findings reveal that teachers’ instructional and assessment methods are deeply influenced by their historical and socioeconomic contexts. A key issue identified is the emphasis on assessment for grading rather than for learning, which hinders student understanding. Additionally, learners’ self-efficacy significantly affects their engagement and performance. Teachers also face systemic barriers such as overcrowded classrooms, limited resources, language challenges, and insufficient professional development. The study highlights the difficulties teachers encounter in integrating digital tools into mathematics instruction, compounded by the declining relevance of the Annual National Assessment (ANA) program. To address these issues, the research recommends targeted professional development, improved resource allocation, and enhanced support for technology use. These measures aim to strengthen teaching practices and learner outcomes in Grade 9 Mathematics, contributing to broader educational improvement in South Africa.MEd. (Curriculum and Instructional Studies)Curriculum and Instructional Studie
A framework to curb illicit financial flows
No full textText in EnglishFinancial opacity significantly contributes to the prevalence of illicit financial flows (IFFs), undermining sound financial practices and leading to substantial economic risks. This research aimed to delineate the types and characteristics of IFFs, elucidate the benefits and processes of financial reporting, identify controls and causes of non-compliance with accounting standards, and ultimately develop a comprehensive framework to mitigate IFFs. Through an interpretive philosophy and an inductive research approach, the study utilised a multi-qualitative research choice with a cross-sectional time horizon and a review of scholarly literature, leading to a conceptual framework. The framework was enhanced through semi-structured interviews and validated through a focus group, ensuring its relevance and applicability. The findings indicated that IFFs pose significant risks, including a reduction in private savings and tax revenue collection, the emergence of speculative asset bubbles, unfair competition, and erosion of investor confidence. Notably, off-balance-sheet transactions, particularly cash transactions linked to terrorist financing and organised crime, were largely unreported in financial statements. The study identified country-to-country reporting as a potent mechanism for enhancing financial transparency and curbing tax evasion-related IFFs. Additionally, the research highlighted the necessity of robust oversight through internal and external auditors, board and audit committee engagement, and consequence management for entities involved in IFFs. The analysis revealed that non-compliance with accounting standards is often attributable to insufficient regulatory and technological frameworks, particularly in the context of cryptocurrency-based IFFs in certain jurisdictions. The proposed framework aims to aid organisations and communities in recognising IFFs risk indicators, thereby fostering good corporate governance and improving financial reporting transparency. It is recommended that organisations implement policies that enhance financial reporting practices to deter engagement in IFFs. Future research should focus on the mechanisms through which IFFs compromise organisational reputation and sustainability while emphasising the need for global collaboration between nations where IFFs originate and those that serve as destinations. Estimating losses in tax revenue due to IFFs would further strengthen the practical implications of the study.U sa vhonala ha masheleni zwi shela mulenzhe vhukuma kha u phaḓalala ha u elela ha masheleni hu siho mulayoni (IFFs), zwi tshi dzhiela fhasi maitele avhuḓi a masheleni na u ḓisa khombo khulwane dza ikonomi. Thoḓisiso iyi yo vha yo sedza kha u ṱalusa tshaka na zwivhumbeo zwa IFFs, u ṱalutshedza mbuelo na maitele a u vhiga nga ha masheleni, u topola zwilanguli na zwiitisi zwa u sa tevhedza zwilinganyo zwa akhaunthu, na u fhedzisela zwo bveledza muhanga wo ṱanganelaho wa u fhungudza IFFs. Nga kha fiḽosofi ya ṱhalutshedzo na nḓila ya ṱhoḓisiso ya u ṱuṱuwedza, ngudo yo shumisa khetho ya ṱhoḓisiso ya vhuimo vhunzhi i re na tshifhinga tsho fhambanaho na u sedzulusa maṅwalwa a vhugudi, zwine zwa isa kha muhanga wa muhumbulo. Muhanga wo khwiniswa nga kha mbudzisavhathu dzo dzudzanywaho nga tshipiḓa na u khwaṱhisedzwa nga kha tshigwada tsho livhiswaho, u vhona uri u a tendelana na u shuma. Mawanwa o sumbedzisa uri IFFs dzi ḓisa khombo khulwane, hu tshi katelwa na u fhungudzwa ha u vhulunga ha phuraivethe na u kuvhanganya mbuelo ya muthelo, u bvelela ha zwivhumbeo zwa thundu dza u ṱoḓa u ḓivha, muṱaṱisano u songo teaho, na u fhungudzea ha fulufhelo ḽa vhabindudzi. Zwihulwane, thengiselano dzi siho kha tshiṱirathedzhi tsha masheleni, nga maanḓa thengiselano dza masheleni dzi tshimbilelanaho na u ṋetshedza masheleni kha vhutherorisi na vhugevhenga ho dzudzanywaho, vhunzhi hadzo dzo vha dzi sa vhangwi kha zwitatamennde zwa masheleni. Ngudo yo topola u vhiga ha shango nga shango sa maitele a re na maanḓa a u khwinisa u vha khagala ha masheleni na u thivhela IFF dzi tshimbilelanaho na u shavha muthelo. Zwiṅwe hafhu, ṱhoḓisiso yo sumbedzisa ṱhoḓea ya vhulavhelesi ho khwaṱhaho nga kha vhaṱolamuvhalelano vha nga ngomu na vha nnḓa, u dzhenelela ha bodo na komiti dza muvhalelano, na ndaulo ya mvelelo kha zwiimiswa zwine zwa shela mulenzhe kha IFFs. Tsenguluso yo dzumbulula uri u sa tevhedza zwilinganyo zwa muvhalelano kanzhi zwi vhangwa nga mihanga ya ndaulo na thekhinoḽodzhi i songo eḓanaho, nga maanḓa kha nyimele ya IFFs dzo tewaho kha mbadelo ya masheleni hu songo shumiswa bannga kha maṅwe mavundu. sMuhanga wo dzinginywaho wo sedza kha u thusa madzangano na zwitshavha kha u dzhiela nṱha zwisumbedzi zwa khombo ya IFFs, ngauralo u ṱuṱuwedza vhuvhusi havhuḓi ha mabindu na u khwinisa u vha khagala ha u vhiga ha masheleni. Hu themendelwa uri madzangano a shumise mbekanyamaitele dzine dza khwinisa maitele a u vhiga nga ha masheleni u itela u thivhela u dzhenelela kha IFFs. Ṱhoḓisiso ya tshifhinga tshi ḓaho i tea u sedza kha maitele ane ngao IFFs dza ḓisa bvumo ḽa ndangulo na u bveledza zwithu zwine zwa nga bveledzwa ngeno hu tshi khou ombedzela ṱhoḓea ya tshumisano ya ḽifhasi vhukati ha tshaka dzine IFFs dza bva khadzo na dzine dza shuma sa fhethu hune dza khou ya hone. U anganyelwa ha u xelelwa nga mbuelo ya muthelo nga ṅwambo wa IFFs zwi ḓo khwaṱhisa nga ho engedzeaho mvelelo dzi shumaho dza ngudo.Finansiële ondeursigtigheid dra aansienlik by tot die voorkoms van onwettige finansiële vloei (OFV) wat gesonde finansiële praktyke ondermyn en tot aansienlike ekonomiese risiko’s lei. Hierdie navorsing het ten doel gehad om die tipes en kenmerke van OFV uit te beeld, die voordele en prosesse van finansiële verslagdoening toe te lig, beheermaatreëls en oorsake van nie-nakoming van rekeningkundige standaarde te identifiseer, en uiteindelik ’n omvattende raamwerk te ontwikkel om OFV te verminder. Deur ’n interpretatiewe filosofie en ’n induktiewe navorsingsbenadering het die studie ’n multi-kwalitatiewe navorsingskeuse met ’n deursnee-tydhorison en ’n oorsig van vakkundige literatuur gebruik om ’n konseptuele raamwerk daar te stel. Die raamwerk is verbeter deur semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude en bevestig deur ’n fokusgroep wat die relevansie en toepaslikheid daarvan verseker het. Die bevindinge het aangedui dat OFV aansienlike risiko’s inhou, insluitend ’n vermindering in privaat spaargeld en belastinginkomste-invordering, die ontstaan van spekulatiewe bateborrels, onregverdige mededinging en die erosie van beleggersvertroue. Daar is grotendeels in finansiële state nie verslag gedoen van buite-balansstaattransaksies, spesifiek kontanttransaksies wat aan terreurfinansiering en georganiseerde misdaad gekoppel is nie. Die studie het land-tot-land-verslaggewing geïdentifiseer as ’n kragtige meganisme om finansiële deursigtigheid te verbeter en belastingontduiking-verwante OFV te beperk. Daarbenewens het die navorsing die noodsaaklikheid van robuuste toesig deur interne en eksterne ouditeure, direksie- en ouditkomiteebetrokkenheid en konsekwensiebestuur vir entiteite betrokke by OFV beklemtoon. Die ontleding het aan die lig gebring dat nie-nakoming van rekeningkundige standaarde dikwels toegeskryf kan word aan onvoldoende regulatoriese en tegnologiese raamwerke, veral in die konteks van OFV gebaseer op kripto-geldeenheide in bepaalde jurisdiksies. Die voorgestelde raamwerk het ten doel om organisasies en gemeenskappe te help om OFV-risiko-aanwysers te herken, en sodoende goeie korporatiewe bestuur te bevorder en deursigtigheid van finansiële verslagdoening te verbeter. Daar word aanbeveel dat organisasies beleide implementeer wat finansiële verslagdoeningspraktyke verbeter om betrokkenheid by OFV af te weer. Toekomstige navorsing moet fokus op die meganismes waardeur OFV organisatoriese reputasie en volhoubaarheid in die gedrang bring, terwyl die behoefte aan globale samewerking tussen nasies waar OFV ontstaan en dié wat as bestemmings dien, beklemtoon word. Die skatting van verliese aan belastinginkomste as gevolg van OFV sal die praktiese implikasies van die studie verder versterk.D.B.L.Graduate School of Business Leadershi
The impacts of alien plants on native species diversity and veld condition in Braamhoek catchment in Ladysmith, South Africa
No full textAbstract in English with Northern Sotho and Zulu translationsInvasive alien plants (IAPs) are a significant global driver of biodiversity loss, often outcompeting native vegetation, altering ecosystem functions, and reducing habitat quality. Their impacts include decreased species richness, disruptions in nutrient cycling, and increased soil erosion, all of which pose serious challenges to conservation. South Africa’s diverse ecosystems, including its grasslands, fynbos, and wetlands, are particularly vulnerable to alien plant invasions. National control measures, such as the Working for Water (WfW) program, have been implemented to combat these threats. However, the long-term ecological recovery of previously invaded sites remains uncertain, particularly in sensitive catchment areas. This study explored the impact of alien plant invasion on native species diversity and veld condition in the Braamhoek catchment area of Ladysmith, South Africa. It aimed to determine whether sites formerly controlled for alien species are experiencing ecological recovery compared to non-infested sites, given the ongoing management efforts. Two hypotheses were tested: the null hypothesis (H0) suggested no significant difference in diversity and veld condition between alien-controlled and non-infested sites, while the alternative hypothesis (H1) predicted lower native diversity and degraded veld condition in alien-controlled sites, indicating incomplete restoration. Vegetation surveys were conducted across both site types, assessing species diversity, growth forms, and ground cover percentages. Data were analysed using diversity indices such as the Shannon-Wiener and Simpson’s indices, along with statistical tests to evaluate differences between the two groups. The findings indicated that former alien-controlled sites have significantly lower native species diversity and an increase in bare ground cover, supporting the alternative hypothesis (H1) and suggesting that ecological recovery is incomplete in areas previously impacted by alien species, despite ongoing management efforts. These results highlight the limitations of alien plant removal alone in restoring native species diversity and improving overall ecosystem health. The study recommends that additional restoration strategies, including the reintroduction of native species and the enhancement of habitat complexity, be incorporated into management practices to improve resilience and ecological balance. This study emphasises the lasting impact of alien plant invasions on ecosystem function and highlights the need for adaptive, site-specific restoration approaches to enhance biodiversity. The insights gained here contribute to a broader understanding of the effects of alien species on sensitive ecosystems and inform future conservation strategies in similarly impacted areas.Limela tše hlaselang tše tsoang linaheng tše ling (IAPs) ke sesosa se seholo sa lefats'e sa tahlehelo ea mefuta-futa ea lihloliloeng, hangata e hlola limela tša tlhaho, e fetola tšebetso ea tikoloho, le ho fokotša boleng ba bolulo. Litlamorao tša tsona li kenyelletša ho fokotšeha ha mefuta ea limela, ho sitisoa ho palama baesekele ea limatlafatsi, le ho eketša khoholeho ea mobu, tšeo kaofela li bakang mathata a tebileng a paballo. Mefuta e fapaneng ea tikoloho ea Afrika Boroa, ho kenyeletsoa makhulo a eona, fynbos le libaka tše mongobo, li kotsing haholo ke tlhaselo ea limela tše tsoang linaheng tše ling. Mehato ea taolo ea naha, joalo ka lenaneo la Working for Water (WfW), e kentsoe tšebetsong ho loantša litšokelo tšena. Leha ho le joalo, ho tsosolosoa ha nako e telele ha tikoloho ea libaka tše hlasetsoeng pele ho ntše ho sa tsitsa, haholo-holo libakeng tše nang le bothata ba ho tšoasa litlhapi. Dinyakišišo tše di lekotše seabe sa go šwahlela ga dimela tše e sego tša setlogo go mehuta ya dimela tša setlogo le go seemo sa dithokgwa ka lefelong la kgoboketšo ya meetse ka Braamhoek la Ladysmith, Afrika Borwa. Di ekemišeditše go tseba ge eba mafelo ao a bego a laotšwego mo nakong ye e fetilego mabapi le mehuta ya dimela tše di sego tša setlogo a itemogela tsošološo go tša ekholotši ge a bapetšwa le mafelo ao a sego a šwahlelwa ke dimela tše, ka lebaka la matsapa ao a tšwelago pele a taolo ya dimela. Dihaephothesese tše pedi di a lekwa: haephothesese ya null (H0) e akantše gore ga go na le phapano ye kgolo ka go mehuta le ka go seemo sa dithokgwa magareng ga mafelo ao a laotšwego dimelwa tša go šwahlela le ao a sego a šwahlelwa, mola e le gore haephothesese ye nngwe (H1) e akantše mehuta ya fase ya dimela tša go šwahlela le maemo ao a phuhlamego a dithokgwa ka mafelong ao a laotšwego go šwahlelwa ga dimela tše di sego tša setlogo, gomme se se laetša pušetšosekeng ye e sego ya felela. Dinyakišišo ka ga dimela di dirilwe go ralala le mehuta ye mebedi ya mafelo, yeo e bego e sekaseka mehuta ya dimela, mekgwa ya go gola ga tšona, le dipersente tša go pipa ga tšona nageng. Tshedimošo ye e kgobokeditšwego e ile ya sekasekwa ka go šomiša dilaetši tša go farologana tša go swana le dilaetši tša
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Shannon-Wiener le Simpson, gotee le diteko tša dipalopalo go sekaseka diphapano magareng ga dihlopha tše pedi tše. Dikutollo tše di laeditše gore mafelo ao a bego a laotšwe mabapi le dimela tša go šwahlela di na le mehuta ya dimela tše di sego tša setlogo tša fasana kudu le kokotšego ya go pipiwa ga mabu ao a bego a se na selo, gomme se se thekga haephothesese ye nngwe (H1) le go akanya gore tsošološo ya ekholotši ga se ya felela ka mafelong ao a amilwego ke mehuta ya dimela tše di sego tša setlogo, ka ntle le matsapa a taolo ao a tšwelago pele. Dipoelo tše di laetša mellwane ya go tlošwa ga dimela tše di sego tša setlogo di nnoši ge go bušetšwa sekeng mehuta ya dimela tša setlogo le seemo sa dithokgwa. Dnya gore mekgwa ya tlaleletšo ya pušetšosekeng ya ekholotši, go akaretšwa go bjala leswa ga mehuta ya dimela tša setlogo le go maatlafatša go hlakahlakana ga mafelo a dimela, di kopanywe ka go ditiro tša taolo go kaonafatša kgotlelelo le palantshe ya ekholotši. Dinyakišišo tše di gatelela seabe sa go ya go ile sa go šwahlela ga dimela tše di sego tša setlogo go šomeng ga phedišano ya diphedi ebile di gatelela tlhokego ya mekgwa ya pušetšosekeng ya tlwaetšo, le ye e diretšwego lefelo le itšego go maatlafatša mehutahuta ya diphedi. Tsebo ye e hweditšwego mo e tsenya letsogo go kwešišokakaretšo ya diabe tša mehuta ya dimela tše di sego tša setlogo go phedišano ya diphedi ye e lego kotsing le go fana ka mekgwa ya pabalelo ya tikologo ya ka moso ka mafelong a mangwe ao a swanago le ao a amegilego.Izitshalo ze-alien ezihlaselayo (IAPs) zingumshayeli obalulekile womhlaba wonke wokulahleka kwezinhlobonhlobo zemvelo, ngokuvamile ezidlula izimila zendabuko, zishintsha imisebenzi ye-ecosystem, futhi zehlise izinga lendawo yokuhlala. Imithelela yazo ihlanganisa ukuncipha kokunotha kwezinhlobo zezilwane, ukuphazamiseka kokuhamba ngebhayisikili izakhi, nokwandisa ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi, konke okuletha izinselele ezinkulu ekongiweni. Izinhlobonhlobo zemvelo zaseNingizimu Afrika, okuhlanganisa izindawo zayo ezinotshani, i-fynbos, namaxhaphozi, zisengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa kwezitshalo zangaphandle. Izinyathelo zokulawula zikazwelonke, njengohlelo lwe-Working for Water (WfW) seziqalisiwe ukulwa nalezi zinsongo. Kodwa-ke, ukusimama kwesikhathi eside kwemvelo kwezindawo ezihlaselwe ngaphambilini kusalokhu kungaqinisekile, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezibamba amanzi ezibucayi. Lolu cwaningo luhlole umthelela wokusabalala kwezitshalo eziqhamuka kwamanye amazwe ekuphazamiseni isimo samadlelo kanye nezimila zendabuko ezinhlobonhlobo endaweni yaseBraamhoek eseLadysmith, eNingizimu Afrika. Lapha bekuhloswe ukuthola ukuthi ngakube izindawo ezabelwe izitshalo eziqhamuka kwamanye amazwe ziyakwazi yini ukuvuka zande uma kuqhathaniswa nezikulezo zindawo ezingenazinambuzane, ngokwemizamo eqhubekayo yokulawula isimo. Lapha kuye kwahlolwa imibono emibili: inull hypothesis (H0) iveza ukuthi akukho mehluko oqaphelekayo ngokuhlukahluka kanye nesimo samadlelo phakathi kwezindawo ezingenazinambuzane naleso esinezitshalo ezilawulwayo, kanti enye ihypothesis (H1) yona iqagula ukuthi ziyancipha izimila zendabuko ezinhobonhlobo kanye nesimo esingesihle ezindaweni ezinezitshalo eziqhamuka emazweni angaphandle, nokubonisa ukungavuseleleki kwalezi zimila. Lapha kuye kwahlolwa izitshalo/imifino kuzo zombili izinhlobo zezindawo, kuhlolwa ukuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo zezitshalo, izindlela zokukhula kwazo, kanye namaphesenti aveza ubungako bomhlabathi okumile kuwo. Idatha yahlaziywa kusetshenziswa izindlela ezahlukahluka njengezinkomba zeShannon-Wiener kanye
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neSimpson, ngokunjalo nokuhlolwa kwezibalo ukuze kuhlolwe umehluko phakathi kwamaqoqo amabili. Imiphumela ibonisa ukuthi izindawo ezike zaba nezitshalo eziqhamuka kwamanye amazwe zinezimila ezincane kakhulu zendabuko kanye nendawo enkulu kakhulu eyishashalazi elingenalutho lomhlabathi, kanti lokhu kuhambisana nombono (H1) futhi kusho ukuthi akwanele ukuvuselelwa kwezimila zendabuko ezindaweni ezike zaba nezitshalo eziqhamuka emazweni angaphandle, nakuba yenziwa imizamo yokulawula lesi simo. Le miphumela igqamisa imikhawulo yokususwa kwezitshalo eziqhamuka emazweni angaphandle kuphela ukuze kuvuselelwe izilima zendabuko ezahlukahlukene kanye nesimo samadlelo. Lolu cwaningo luncoma ukuba kuhlanganiswe ndawonye amasu engeziwe okuvuselela amadlelo, okuhlanganisa nokwethula kabusha izimila zendabuko kanjalo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezindawo ezahlukahlukene, ukuze kuthuthukiswe izindlela zokusebenza ekusimamiseni nokudala ukulingana kwezemvelo. Lolu cwaningo lugcizelela umthelela ongenamkhawulo wokusabalala kwezitshalo eziqhamuka emazweni angaphandle ekusebenzeni kahle kwemvelo luphinde lugqamise isidingo sokwamukela uguquguquko, izindlela zokuvuselela izindawo ukuze kusebenze kahle ukwehlukahluka kwemvelo. Lokho esikufunde lapha kunomthelela ekuqondeni okunzulu ngemithelela yezitshalo eziqhamuka kwamanye amazwe ekusebenzeni kwemvelo futhi kunesandla kumasu okugcinwa kwemvelo esikhathini esizayo ezindaweni ezithinteke ngendlela efanayo.M. Sc. (Environmental Science (Agriculture and Environmental Management)
A wellbeing model for public servants during the Covid-19 pandemic
No full textThe research sought to develop a wellbeing model for public servants during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study distinctively focused on two levels of wellbeing (individual level and organisational level), which were identified as being interrelated and contributing equally towards a healthy working environment for public servants during the pandemic. The objective of the research was to explore a wellbeing model in the pursuit of a healthy working environment during a crisis. COVID-19 raised workplace wellbeing concerns, but studies on public servants' wellbeing in non-human services occupations in South Africa were scarce, necessitating the development of a new model to enhance their wellbeing during uncertain times.
The research design focused on a cross-sectional, quantitative methodology that uses a questionnaire strategy to gather data using questionnaires. The sample consisted of 218 South African public sector employees. Correlational, descriptive, hierarchical moderated statistical analyses, and structural equation modelling was computed. A significant positive relationship was found between individual and organisational employee wellbeing, with public servants with high-rated wellbeing components experiencing optimal functioning, while those with low-rated wellbeing components generally having poor overall wellbeing.
The study emphasised the significance of promoting employee wellbeing, focusing on individual and organisational aspects, to ensure optimal functioning for public servants and that they thrive during the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings accentuated the day-to-day implementation of the wellbeing model to ensure that public servants are thriving and prepared during uncertain times. The study further highlighted various approaches to be considered by organisations and individual employees regarding different components of wellbeing, including holistic positive psychology systems and transformational leadership approaches post COVID-19.Lolucwaningo beluhlose kusungula imodeli yetenhlalakahle yetisebenti tahulumende ngesikhatsi selubhubhane lwe-COVID-19. Lesifundvolucwaningo besigcile ngalokukhetsekile emazingeni lamabili etenhlalakahle (lizinga lemuntfu munye nelenhlangano), labonakale njengalahlobene futsi lafaka ligalelo ngalokulinganako kusimondzawo sekusebenta lesiphilile setisebenti tahulumende ngesikhatsi selubhubhane. Inhloso yalesifundvolucwaningo bekukwehlwaya imodeli yetenhlalakahle ngesikhatsi sekufuna simondzawo sekusebenta lesinemphilo setisebenti tahulumende ngesikhatsi lesimatima selubhubhane. I-COVID-19 yaletsa kukhatsateka kutenhlalakahle etindzaweni tekusebenta, kepha tifundvolucwaningo letimayelana nenhlalakahle yetisebenti tahulumende emisebentini lete tinsita tebantfu lapha eNingizimu Afrika beyiyindlala, lokwabese kuholela ekutseni kube nesidzingo sekusungula imodeli lensha kute kwentiwe kancono inhlalakahle yato ngetikhatsi tekungabi nesiciniseko.
Kwakheka kwalesifundvolucwaningo kwamiselwa endleleni yekucwaninga lebuka emanani, yekutfola lwatiso kubantfu, yelinani lesebentisa buciko bekwehlwaya kute kugcogcwe imininingwane (idatha) ngekusebentisa tihlumibuto. Lesampuli beyifaka ekhatsi tisebenti lebetisemkhakheni wahulumende waseNingizimu Afrika nga-2018. Kwasetjentiswa luhlatiyo lwekuhambisana, lwekuchaza kanye nalwelubalobalo lolulinganisiwe ngekwetigaba kanye nemodeli yemumo yekulinganisa. Lesifundvolucwaningo satfola budlelwane lobumcoka lobuhle emkhatsini wetenhlakahle yesisebenti ngasinye neyenhlangano, basebenti bahulumende batfolakala kutsi bahamba embili ekukhombiseni timphawu letinhle tetenhlalakahle tekusebenta ngalokusezingeni lelihle kakhulu, kwabese kutsi basebenti labatfolakala banelizinga letenhlalakahle leliphasi bekungulabo basebenti labebanelizinga leliphasi letenhlalakahle jikelele lelingasilihle.
Lesifundvolucwaningo sagcizelela kutsi kukhutsatwe tenhlalakahle yetisebenti, kugcilwe etinhlangotsini tangamunye kanye neyetinhlangano, kute kutsi kucinisekiswe kusebenta lokusezingeni lelihle kakhulu nekutsi tiphokophela kusebenta kahle kakhulu ngesikhatsi selubhubhane lwe-COVID-19. Lesifundvolucwaningo sagcugcutela kufezekiswa kwalemodeli ngelilanga nelilanga kute kucinisekiswe kutsi letisebenti tisebenta kahle kakhulu kantsi futsi tiba nguletilungele ngetikhatsi tekungaciniseki. Lesifundvolucwaningo saphindze futsi sagcamisa tindlela letehlukahlukene letingasetjentiswa tinhlangano netisebenti letitimele mayelana netinhlangotsi letehlukene tetenhlalakahle, kufaka ekhatsi inchubo yetekuphila kahle kwengcondvo lokuphelele kanye netindlela tebuholi tangemuva kwe-COVID-19 letiletsa tingucuko.’n Welstandsmodel vir staatsamptenare gedurende die Covid-19-pandemie
Die navorsing se fokus was op die ontwikkeling van ’n welstandsmodel vir staatsamptenare gedurende die COVID-19-pandemie. Die studie het kenmerkend gefokus op twee vlakke van welstand (individuele vlak en organisatoriese vlak), wat geïdentifiseer is as onderling verwant en wat ewe veel bydra tot ’n gesonde werkomgewing vir staatsamptenare gedurende die COVID-19-pandemie. Die doel van hierdie studie was om ’n welstandsmodel te verken in die strewe na ’n gesonde werkomgewing vir staatsamptenare gedurende die COVID-19-pandemie. COVID-19 het welstandsbesorgdhede in die werkplek ter sprake gebring, maar studies oor staatsamptenare se welstand in nie-menslike diensberoepe in Suid-Afrika was skaars, en dit het die ontwikkeling van ’n nuwe model genoodsaak om hulle welstand gedurende onsekere tye te bevorder.
Die navorsingsontwerp is gebaseer op ’n deursnee- kwantitatiewe metodologie met ’n peilingstrategie deur data in te samel deur middel van vraelyste. Die navorser het die studie uitgevoer op 218 Suid-Afrikaanse staatsamptenare deur gebruik te maak van korrelasie-, beskrywende en hiërargiese gemodereerde statistiese analise en strukturele vergelykingsmodellering. Hierdie studie het getoon dat daar ’n beduidende positiewe verhouding is tussen individuele en organisatoriese werknemerwelstand, met hoog aangeslane werknemers wat optimale funksionering ervaar, terwyl diegene met lae gegradeerde welstandskomponente oor die algemeen se welstand nie goed is nie.
Die studie het die belangrikheid van die bevordering van die welstand van werknemers beklemtoon, met die fokus op individuele en organisatoriese aspekte, om optimale funksionering van staatsamptenare te verseker en dat hulle floreer gedurende die COVID-19-pandemie. Die studie het die daaglikse implementering van die welstandsmodel benadruk om te verseker dat staatsamptenare floreer en voorbereid is gedurende onsekere tye. Die studie het ook verskeie benaderings beklemtoon wat deur organisasies en deur individuele werknemers oorweeg kan word wat betref verskillende komponente van welstand, insluitende holistiese positiewe psigologiese stelsels en transformasionele leierskapsbenaderings ná COVID-19.Ph. D. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)Industrial and Organisational Psycholog
Examining the impact of disciplinary procedures on learners human rights in schools
No full textM. Ed. (Education Management)College of Educatio