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Exploring the strategies used for teaching creative writing skills in grade 3 : a case of two Namibian schools
Get PDFLearners who do not master creative writing skills, risk possible failure because they cannot complete written assignments on time. In addition, writing is complex and requires thorough planning and problem solving. Research emphasises that those who struggle to write tend to remain behind; however, teachers find it challenging to teach writing effectively. The purpose of this research was to explore teachers’ perspectives on the strategies used for teaching creative writing in Grade 3. The study adopted a descriptive qualitative approach, which used an exploratory case study design to obtain rich information from the participants. Purposive sampling was employed to recruit six Grade 3 teachers from two selected primary schools. Focus group interviews, classroom observations and document analysis were used to generate data. Thematic analysis was used to analyse data. The data revealed that teachers believed to be inadequately trained to teach creative writing effectively and they did not feel confident to teach it. The findings suggest that teachers believe they have little time to explore the use of evidence-based strategies. Their lack of diverse strategies influences the teaching of creative writing and its outcomes. The study proposes the development of an explicit writing curriculum and training therein so that the implemented curriculum is aligned with the intended curriculum, which currently is not the case in writing.Ph. D. (Curriculum Studies)Curriculum and Instructional Studie
Rubella epidemiology in Lesotho after vaccine introduction: a five-year review, 2018–2022
No full textAbstract Background The rubella virus is a major contributor to birth defects globally and is preventable by vaccination. In 2020, the world was supposed to be free of both rubella and Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS) however this goal has yet to be realized with only 93 out of 194 WHO member states confirmed rubella-free in 2020. Methods A retrospective measles and rubella case-based surveillance data record review was conducted from 2018 to 2022 to document rubella epidemiology after the introduction of rubella vaccination in Lesotho and progress toward elimination. All samples submitted for surveillance purposes and tested for rubella were considered but only filtered according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data. Results Of the 1041 samples that were tested for rubella between 2018 and 2022, 10 (1%) were confirmed measles positive and were excluded from further analysis. The median age of the respondents was 6.0 (IQR 4.0–8.0.) years. About 643 (62.4%) of respondents were in the age category of 5 - <13 years. Rubella prevalence was 1% (95% CI; 0.5 -1.8%). The non-measles, non-rubella rash illness rate of 2 per 100 000 population was obtained at the national level each year of the study period but by only 2 of the country’s 10 districts in 2021. Conclusions The study showed low rubella prevalence. Rubella infection was predominant in those aged 5 - < 13 years. Failure to meet surveillance targets at certain time points during the study period may have led to an underestimation of rubella cases. There is a need to improve the quality of measles and rubella surveillance in Lesotho. Supplementary immunization activities would also be useful in closing immunity gaps, limiting outbreaks, and advancing rubella and CRS elimination in Lesotho
High-sensitivity C-reactive protein among people living with HIV on highly active antiretroviral therapy: a systemic review and meta-analysis
No full textAbstract
The pathological consequences of inflammation persist in people living with the human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH), regardless of the positive outcomes of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). The current systematic review and meta-analysis aims to understand and explore the levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and other cardiovascular disease (CVD)-risk factors including lipid profiles among PLWH on HAART. Major electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched to retrieve relevant global literature reporting on hs-CRP levels in PLWH on HAART. A total of twenty-two studies with an average participant age of 40 years were eligible for this systematic review and meta-analysis. Majority of the included studies were from Africa (n = 11), the United States (n = 6), and Europe (n = 5). Our systemic review showed that most studies reported increased levels of hs-CRP among PLWH on HAART when compared to controls (PLWH not on HAART or those without HIV), especially in studies from Africa. This was supported by a meta-analysis showing significantly elevated levels of hs-CRP in PLWH on HAART when compared to PLWH not on HAART (standardised mean difference [SMD] = 0.56; 95% CI = 0.10‑1.01, z = 2.41; p = 0.02) or those without HIV (SMD = 1.19; 95% CI = 0.76‑1.63, z = 5.35; p < 0.001). Where lipid profiles, as a major predictor for CVD risk, were also impaired in PLWH on HAART when compared to PLWH not on HAART and HIV-negative participants. In conclusion, elevated levels of hs-CRP and lipid levels are prevalent in PLWH on HAART, this may increase the risk of CVD complications, especially for those people living in Africa. However, more evidence in larger population studies is required to confirm these outcomes and unveil any possible clinical implications of HAART-induced modulation of hs-CRP levels in PLWH
A brief historic overview of sexual and gender diversity in neuroscience: past, present, and future
No full textDepartment of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada, 2Centre de recherche de l’institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l’Île-de-Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada, 3Notre-Dame Hospital, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Centre-Sud-de-l’Île-de-Montréal (CCSMTL), Montreal, QC, Canada, 4Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom, 5Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy, 6Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States, 7Department of Psychology, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa, 8Department of Psychology, Scientific College of Greece, Athens, Greece, 9Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada KEYWORDS key developments, LGBTQIA+, neuroscience, literature review, research trends, sexual and gender diversity, SOGI, LGBTQIA+ historyPsycholog
Gender-related occupational stress among social auxiliary workers within the department of social development : social auxiliary workers’ practice guidelines
No full textAbstract in English and SiswatiGender-related occupational stress is a universal issue in the workplace that affects employees' health, well-being, and productivity. Different organisations, including the Department of Social Development in South Africa, grapple with gender imbalances, which manifest differently depending on the position held within the organizational structure. The study explored gender-related occupational stress and its impact on Social Auxiliary Workers (SAWs) within their work environment. The primary aim was to identify and understand the specific stressors experienced by male and female SAWs, and how these stressors affect their overall well-being, job performance and the coping strategies they adopt. To achieve this, first-hand data was collected through perceptions and experiences shared by both male and female social auxiliary workers, providing valuable insights into the unique challenges faced by each gender in the profession.
Purposive and non-probability sampling methods were employed to collect data from both male and female SAWs with at least one year of working experience. A qualitative, phenomenological design, guided by the exploratory, descriptive and contextual approach was chosen to explore the distinct stressors encountered by male and female SAWs, with a specific focus on the Ehlanzeni District Municipality within the Mpumalanga Province Department of Social Development. In total, thirteen (13) individual interviews and five (5) focus group discussions were conducted, reaching a total of thirty-seven (37) SAWs. Semi-structured interviews were conducted in the individual interviews, allowing for flexible yet focused conversations. Additionally, interview guide prompts were utilized during the focus group discussions to ensure consistency while encouraging open dialogue among participants. This approach allowed for a comprehensive examination of the unique challenges faced by SAWs in this context, providing in-depth insights into their experiences. Data verification was ensured through methodological triangulation, which involved data corroboration from the focus group discussions and the individual interviews. The qualitative data collected from interviews and focus groups were analysed using thematic analysis, a method that enables the identification and interpretation of patterns and themes within the data. This approach facilitated the coding of data using themes and subthemes, enabling the identification and categorization of recurring and emerging patterns. The thematic analysis provided a rich understanding of individual perspectives, allowing for a deep exploration of complex perceptions and views. These diverse insights were observed, captured, and thoroughly analysed, offering a comprehensive understanding of the data collected. This approach enhanced the trustworthiness and credibility of the study's findings. The ethical considerations that guided the study included obtaining informed consent from all SAWs as participants for this study, ensuring voluntary participation without coercion, maintaining the confidentiality and anonymity of the participants, and adhering to rigorous data management practices. These measures were implemented to protect the rights and privacy of participants, promote transparency, and ensure the integrity of the research process.
The study was guided by two key theoretical frameworks: the job demand-control Theory and the Person-Fit Theory. These theories provided a foundational understanding of workplace dynamics and individual compatibility within organizational settings. As a result, the insights gained from these frameworks played a crucial role in shaping the development of specific guidelines aimed at enhancing employee well-being and performance. The main findings of the study highlighted several gender-related challenges arising from the gender imbalance within the workforce of the Department of Social Development. These challenges included wellness programs that were not specifically tailored to address gender differences, a job design structure within the social auxiliary work program that appeared to reinforce gendered roles, and job tasks that seemed to be influenced by gender stereotypes. The gender imbalance was found to influence leadership styles, affect service delivery, and contribute to increased stress among SAWs.
The findings of this research contributed to the development of tailored guidelines designed to support and improve the well-being of SAWs, addressing their specific needs and stressors. Furthermore, this study adds to the existing yet limited body of knowledge on SAWs, shedding light on gender disparities within the field of social work. It also offers important implications for revisiting wellness programs, highlighting the necessity of gender-sensitive approaches in workplace wellness initiatives and providing a basis for future interventions aimed at improving both the mental and physical health of SAWs.Kucindzeteleka emsebentini lokuhlobene nebulili kuyinkinga lekhona yonkhe indzawo emsebentini letsintsa imphilo yetisebenti, inhlalakahle, kanye nekukhicita kwalowo msebenti lolindzelekile. Tinhlangano letehlukene, letifaka ekhatsi Litiko Letekutfutfukiswa Kwetenhlalakahle eNingizimu Afrika, tilwa nekungalingani ngekwebulili, lokubonakala ngekwehlukana kuye nangesikhundla lesiphetfwe ngulotsite ngekhatsi kwehlangano. Lolucwaningo luhlole kucindzeteleka emsebentini lokuhlobene nebulili kanye nemtselela wako kuBasebenti Labasita Betenhlalakahle (ema-SAW) kubukisisa simo sabo semsebenti. Inhloso leyinhloko kulolucwaningo bekukubona nekuvisisa tintfo letitsite leticindzetela ema-SAW lamadvuna nalamasikati, nekutsi leticindzetelo tiyitsintsa njani inhlalakahle yabo yonkhe, kusebenta kwemsebenti kanye nemasu ekubukana naloko. Kute kufezwe loku, lucwaningo lwekucala lwabutfwa ngemibono kanye nelwati ngato tisebenti letisitako tetenhlalakahle letindvuna naletinsikati. Loko kuniketa lwati lolubalulekile ngetinsayeya letihlukile letibukene nebulili ngabunye kulomsebenti wentenhlalakahle.
Tindlela tekutsatsa emasampula letinenhloso naletingenahloso tasetjentiswa kuhlanganisa lwati kubo bobubili bilili bema-SAW, lamadvuna nalamasikati futsi kubukwa sikhatsi umsenti lanaso emsentini lakuwo kwekutsi ungabi ungaphansi kwemnyakamunye, lokungenani, akulowo msenti wema SAW.
Umklamo welizinga, “we-phenomenological,” locondziswa yindlela yekuhlola, yekuchaza kanye neyesimo wakhetfwa kuhlola tintfo leticindzetelako letehlukene ema-SAW lamadvuna nalamasikati lahlangabetana nawo, ngekugcila ngalokukhetsekile kuMasipala weSigodzi sase-Ehlanzeni ngaphakatsi kweLitiko Letekutfutfukiswa Kwetenhlalakahle esifundzeni saseMpumalanga. Sekukonkhe, kwentiwe tinkhulumomphendvulwano letilishumi nantsatfu (13) ngamunye umsebenti kanye netingcoco temacembu letisihlanu (5), kwafinyelela ema-SAW langemashumi lamatsatfu nesikhombisa (37).
Tinkhulumomphendvulwano lebetihlelelwe etinkhulumeni leticondziwe kumunye SAW ngasese, betivumela tingcoco letigucugucukako kepha letigcile. Ngetulu kwaloko, tikhutsato tesicondziso sekucocisana tasetjentiswa ngesikhatsi setingcoco temacembu lagcile kucinisekisa kuhambisana ngesikhatsi kukhutsatwa inkhulumomphendvulwano levulekile emkhatsini walabahlanganyeli. Lendlela yavumela kutsi kuhloliswe ngalokuphelele tinsayeya letihlukile letibukene nema-SAW kulesimo, kuniketa lwati lolujulile ngaloko labahlangabetene nako. Kucinisekiswa kwemininingwane kwacinisekiswa ngekusebentisa tindlela letintsatfu, lebetifaka ekhatsi kucinisekiswa kwemininingwane kusuka etingcocweni temacembu lagcilile kanye netinkhulumomphendvulwano leticondzane nemuntfu ngamunye.
Lonkhe lwati libutfwe ngetinkhulumomphendvulwano kanye nemacembu lagcilile yahlatiya kusetjentiswe kuhlatiya ngetihloko, indlela levumela kukhonjwa nekuhumusha emaphethini kanye netingcikitsi ngekhatsi kwelwati lolucokelelwe. Lendlela yente kutsi kube nekucokelelwa kwemininingwane kusetjentiswa tingcikitsi letingetulu kwaletinye kanye netingcikitsi letincane, kwenta kutsi kukhonjwe futsi kuhlukaniswe ngetigaba emaphethini laphindzaphindvwako nalavelako.
Lokuhlatiya lokunetihloko kunikete kuvisisa lokucebile kwemibono lechamuka kumuntfu ngamunye, lokuvumela kuhlola lokujulile kwemibono nemibono leyinkimbinkimbi. Lemibono lehlukahlukene yabonwa, yahlanganiswa ndzawonye, futsi yahlatiywa kahle, kute inikete kuvisisa lokuphelele kwemininingwane lebutsaniswe. Lendlela yenta kutsi lolucwaningo lwetsembeke. Tintfo letihambisana nekutiphatsa kahle uma kwentiwa lucwaningo lwaloluhlobo tifaka ekhatsi kutfola imvume lenelwati kuwo onkhe ema-SAW njengebahlanganyeli kulolucwaningo, kucinisekisa kuhlanganyela ngekutitsandzela kutsatsa lichaza kulolucwaningo ngaphandle kwekuphocelelwa, kugcina imfihlo kanye nekungatiwa kwebahlanganyeli, kanye nekunamatsela emikhubeni lecinile yekulawula lwati lolucokelelwe. Letinyatselo tasetjentiswa kuvikela emalungelo kanye nemfihlo yebahlanganyeli, kukhutsata kusebenta ngalokusebaleni, kanye nekucinisekisa bucotfo benchubo yalolucwaningo. Lolucwaningo lwacondziswa tinhlaka letimbili letibalulekile tetifundvo: umcondvo luvumelana nalabanye bacokeleli, lwati lovumelana nekutsi umsebenti ubalula uma umsebenti akwati kubeka umbono kulomsebenti lekawentako nobe umatima. Wesibili uncondvo losentjetisiwe ngulowekutsi, umsebenti uyatfokota emsebentini uma atitfola ahambisana nemikhuba yaleyo ndzawo yemsebenti. Letifundvo letentiwe ngulabanye bacokeleli belwati tinikete kuvisisa lokusisekelo kwemandla kanye nekubambisana emsebentini. Ngenca yaloko, lwati lolutfolwe kuletinhlaka ludlale indzima lebalulekile ekubumbeni kutfutfukiswa kwemihlahlandlela letsite lehloselwe kwenta ncono inhlalakahle yetisebenti kanye nekusebenta kwato.
Lokutfolwe ngulolucwaningo lokuyinhloko, kuvete tinsayeya letinyenti letihlobene nebulili letivela ngekungalingani ngekwebulili emkhatsini wetisebenti teLitiko Letekutfutfukiswa Kwetenhlalakahle. Letinsayeya tifaka ekhatsi tinhlelo temphilo lenhle lebetingakalungiswa ngalokukhetsekile kutsi tilungise umehluko ngekwebulili, indlela yekwakhiwa kwemisebenti ngetigaba ngekhatsi kweluhlelo lwemisebenti wekusita wetenhlalo lebelubonakala lucinisa tindzima tebulili, kanye nemisebenti yemsebenti lebeyibonakala imibono lengakalungi yebulili. Kungalingani ngekwebulili kwatfolakala kutsi kunemtselela kutebuholi, kutsintsa kwetfulwa kwetinsita, futsi kufaka sandla ekukhuleni kwekucindzeteleka emkhatsini wema-SAW.
Lokutfolwe kulolucwaningo kube nesandla ekwakhiweni kwemihlahlandlela lelungiselelwe kusekela kanye nekutfutfukisa inhlalakahle yema-SAW, kubukana netidzingo tawo letitsite kanye nekucindzeteleka. Ngetulu kwaloko, lolucwaningo lwengeta kulolwati lolukhona kodvwa loluncane ngema-SAW, lukhanyisela ngekungalingani ngekwebulili ngekhatsi kwemkhakha wemsebenti wetenhlalo. Iphindze futsi inikete imiphumela lebalulekile yekuvakashela kabusha tinhlelo temphilo lenhle, kugcizelela sidzingo tetindlela letibucayi ngebulili etinyatselweni temphilo lenhle emsebentini kanye nekuniketa sisekelo sekungenelela esikhatsini lesitako lokuhloswe ngako kwenta ncono kokubili imphilo yengcondvo neyemtimba yema-SAW.PhD. (Social Work)Social Wor
A model on nature of the relationship between transformational leadership, transactional leadership, entrepreneurial leadership, and the innovation process
No full textThis study examined the impact of transformational, transactional, and entrepreneurial leadership styles and the innovation process, focusing on employee innovative behaviour and the climate for innovation as potential mediators. Organisations to adopt novel business processes and effectively implement innovative projects to enhance competitiveness. Employing a mixed method
design, data collection occurred concurrently. The population was 1 611 for two banks and 929 for the insurance company. For quantitative survey, no sampling was taken in this study because the researcher had access to the entire population. The target was to get at least 60 respondents from the three organisations identified. A purposive sampling approach was used in qualitative to select senior managers with sufficient knowledge and experience in the innovation process. A total of 303 respondents participated in the quantitative survey, alongside 15 qualitative respondents, sourced from three financial services companies (banking and
insurance) in Namibia. For quantitative analysis, seventeen hypotheses were tested using the regression technique within the SPSS Process Macro. Thematic data analysis was applied to qualitative data analysis. Quantitative findings revealed the positive impact of transactional and entrepreneurial leadership styles on fostering innovation process within organisations. Specifically, entrepreneurial leadership positively affected employees' innovative behaviour and created an innovative climate, which, in turn, significantly influenced innovation. Notably, the climate for innovation mediated the relationship between transactional and entrepreneurial
leadership styles and the innovation process. However, no noticeable correlation, either direct or indirect, was observed between transformational leadership and the innovation process. Qualitative insights indicated that banks and insurance companies possess systematic innovation processes, albeit lacking formal structures, relying on ad hoc product/service innovation process. The study suggests a necessity to formalise the innovation process, from idea generation to implementation. This research contributes to the existing body of knowledge by developing a model explaining the relationships between transformational, transactional, and entrepreneurial leadership styles and the innovation process. Additionally, it confirms the efficacy of the climate for innovation as a mediator between transactional and entrepreneurial leadership styles and the innovation process. Ultimately, this study provides researchers and practitioners in the banking
and insurance sectors with valuable insights into the benefits of formalising the innovation process while highlighting the pitfalls associated with deviating from its fundamental stages.D.B.L.Business Managemen
Guidelines to improve Central Chronic Medicines Dispensing and Distribution (CCMDD) programme in Sekhukhune District: Limpopo Province
No full textBackground: The Central Chronic Medicines Dispensing and Distribution (CCMDD)
programme is one of the differentiated models of care initiated in South Africa.
Utilisation of the CCMDD programme is beneficial to both chronic patients and
healthcare facilities. However, utilisation of this programme in most of the Sekhukhune
primary healthcare facilities has been a notable challenge.
Study purpose: The purpose of the study was to develop guidelines to improve the
Central Chronic Medicines Dispensing and Distribution programme in the Sekhukhune
district, Limpopo Province.
Setting: The study was undertaken at nine Sekhukhune district primary healthcare
facilities.
Study method and design: The study adopted the qualitative research approach with
multi-method design. An exploratory descriptive design was the first method used in
Phase 1 of the study to collect data from nurses who managed the CCMDD
programme and CCMDD enrolled patients. The second method involved a
triangulated literature review in conjunction with the exploratory descriptive findings to
develop guidelines for improving the CCMDD programme. The third method involved
utilisation of the Delphi technique to validate the developed CCMDD guidelines. The
Context, Input, Process, Product (CIPP) Evaluation model was also used for collecting
CCMDD information in order to identify the strengths and limitations of utilising the
programme in primary healthcare facilities of Sekhukhune district, Limpopo Province.
Findings: Eleven guidelines were developed from the triangulated qualitative data
sources in Phase 1 and the integrative literature review findings. The guidelines were
assessed using an Appraisal of Guidelines, Research and Evaluation (AGREE II) tool
and validated through a Delphi technique comprising a panel of experts from various
professions. These guidelines entail that all healthcare workers should regularly
receive in-service training on the CCMDD programme; awareness creation about the
CCMDD programme among all stakeholders and community members; providing
continuous health education about the CCMDD programme; employing and
strengthening a feedback mechanism between the CCMDD provider and the facility,
and between the provider and CCMDD clients; adherence to a clear schedule for
collecting prescriptions and medication deliveries; requesting CCMDD enrolled clients to produce proof of residential address and correct contact details; employing
systematic processes for reporting uncollected medication parcels; employing
monitoring and verification methods to investigate undelivered medication parcels
during packaging and before distribution.
Additionally, the collaboration between the laboratory and the CCMDD programme
should be strengthened; community healthcare workers should assist in the tracing of
defaulter clients. script renewal should be extended from six to twelve months, and the
formulary list should be expanded to include medications unavailable on the list.
Contribution: The study adds to improved patient care quality in the Sekhukhune
district clinics by focusing on early detection and tracing of clients who have missed
their appointments and consequently lost to follow-ups. This would further ensure that
the blood collection dates for patients living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
are noted in time, and that correct medication packages are allocated to the rightful
client. The study would also help to improve the utilisation of the CCMDD programme
by correcting the processes of enrolling clients, packaging and dispensing the
medications, sending Short Message Services (SMSs), as well as delivering to the
pick-up points (PUPs).
Conclusion: The study highlighted that the utilisation of the CCMDD programme in
the Sekhukhune district primary healthcare facilities is both beneficial and challenging
to nurses and patients. Therefore, measures such as proper training of the nurses on
the CCMDD programme’s Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) and conducting
awareness campaigns on the programme, have the potential to improve the CCMDD
programme in Sekhukhune District.Ph. D. (Nursing Science)Health Studie
Teaching learners with diverse learning needs in the context of covid-19: a case of Gauteng inclusive schools
No full textText in EnglishCoronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) effects were disastrous worldwide. Due to a spike in infections at schools and other institutions, all South African schools were closed in July 2021. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic was evident on education, particularly in schools for learners with diverse learning needs where their learning relied heavily on teacher support. In making sure that schools were not closed permanently, the National Department of Basic Education, together with academics from various institutions, developed various strategies for the sustainability of teaching and learning to ensure that no child was left behind. This study explored the teaching of learners with diverse learning needs during the COVID-19 pandemic, adopting the Makers’ Model to do so. The study employed an interpretive paradigm, used the qualitative research approach and a phenomenology research design. Purposive sampling was used to sample eight teachers. Research sites were two inclusive schools situated in one of the Gauteng townships of South Africa. Some of the findings of the research include: most of the teachers and learners were severely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, lack of knowledge of ICT (Information Communication Technology) prevented teachers from effective teaching of learners with diverse learning needs, teachers had to differentiate the curriculum in order to ensure effective learning by their learners during the delivery of the curriculum, lack of parental support during COVID-19 led to learners not completing their homework at home, which placed a strain on teachers who had to assist learners in class, teachers expressed dissatisfaction with the rotational schedule since learners were constantly forgetting what they had been taught and teachers found it difficult to enforce safety precautions like social distancing since learners were constantly wanting to be in groups. In view of these findings, recommendations were made to the school, teachers, and the National Department of Basic Education to eliminate teaching and learning challenges during pandemics.M. Ed. (Inclusive Education)College of Educatio
Crossbearers as the messianic generation: towards a black radical Christology
No full textSouth Africa is in crisis, and theologians have been grappling with the theological significance of this state of affairs. In the realm of black theology, many have expressed concern around the discursive malaise this theological tradition is currently experiencing. On the other hand, theologians are still coming to terms with the epistemological break that Fallism introduced into popular discourse in the country. Some theologians have responded to the movement, but no theologian has articulated a theological contribution from the movement itself.
The following study is an attempt to articulate a theological expression of Fallism while not falling into the excesses of the philosophical framework. Through the black Christology of Takatso Mofokeng, I seek to articulate a Fallist response to the central question of his Christological framework, “how can faith in Jesus Christ empower black people who are involved in the struggle for their liberation?” (Mofokeng, 1983, p. x) To answer this question, I stage a critical encounter between black theology and radical theology.
This theoretical encounter is staged in the following manner. First, I make the case for the discursive contact between black theology and radical theology. Second, I do a thematic survey of the motif of identity in Mofokeng’s Christology. Third, I explore an alternative hermeneutical orientation that can help address the limitations of the motif of identity in Mofokeng’s Christology through John D. Caputo’s radical theology. Specifically, I explore his hermeneutics of the call. I then bring this to a head by articulating a Christian Fallism and its corollary circumfessional orientation.
In short, Christian Fallism is my post-1994 answer to the central question in Mofokeng’s Christology. This answer is inflected with the critical intuitions of Fallism. An inflection which serves as a theoretical extension to the Black Consciousness philosophical framework that Mofokeng had to work with. Fallism extends this by also drawing from black radical feminism, and Pan-Africanism with specific attention to the historical conditions of South Africa today. The corollary circumfessional orientation that I bring into the discourse is a measure that is meant to guard against the logics of community that both black theology and Fallism run afoul of.M. Th. (Systematic Theology)Philosophy, Practical and Systematic Theolog