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Tlhotlhomiso ya fotokerameteri jaaka thekeniki mo patlisisong ya bosenyi : molebo wa lefatshe lotlhe/ka kakaretso
No full textAbstracts in English, Zulu and TswanaCrime scene measurements are complex and seldom verified by investigators and the courts; thus, ignoring the most important feature of measurement. There is a correlational relationship between the objects, items and human intervention at the crime scene. Photogrammetry is the most accurate, reliable and error-free method of capturing crime scene measurements. Although it is a time-consuming activity, photogrammetry is highly recommended in criminal investigations and should be practiced as both a method and a technique.
The contactless measurements are more accurate than the actual contact variants, which can even be calibrated in centimetres and millimetres. In this regard, 3D provides absolute certainty about crime scene measurements. The study illustrates the significance of transforming 2 Dimension photographs into more reliable 3D measurements. Naturally, ordinary photographs consist of dual dimensions, and photogrammetric intervention renders the photograph more valuable in 3 Dimension. Certainly, there is only a slight difference when photogrammetric measurements are compared to contact measurements. However, taking photographic measurements is still preferred by both private and public investigators in order to obviate later points of disputation in the courts. But, if measurements are wrong, the entire investigation will be misled.
Photogrammetry is vital in reconstructing precise crime scene evidence and proper modus operandi profiling. The study aims to contribute towards more accurate and reliable crime scene measurement, which makes it to rely less on actual sketching measurements. The researcher anticipates that the introduction of photogrammetry be used in criminal investigations. Although quality comes with cost, crime investigators will gain immeasurable benefit from incorporating crime scene with photogrammetry. Credible evidence forwarded and presented in the courts should be sufficient beyond disrepute to secure convictions whose entire investigation processes were cogently within the framework of constitutional adherence and compliance.
The digitalisation of the crime scene is a step forward towards the modern use of technology. The challenges of crime scene contamination contribute to a diversion of the entire investigation. Therefore, accurate photogrammetric measurements are helpful in refuting contradictory versions by witnesses and victims. Furthermore, if the MO of a crime suspect is diagnosed through false measurements of the crime scene, the entire (CJS) will focus on inappropriate processes and draw wrong conclusions due to the distortion of crime scene measurements.
This research adopted the qualitative research and the sampling followed in the empirical was judgemental sampling since there is minimum available sample of participants in this more technological complex environment. Furthermore, the researcher designed and developed legend method with grid sectoral combination of multiple items measurements as the contribution of this study. The findings on the study has showed that Photogrammetry measurements are more accurate and reliable as compared to traditional measurements methods available in the market. The researcher recommended that there should be a further development and exploring of the technique in the African context.Izilinganiso zezigameko zobugebengu ziyinkimbinkimbi futhi azivamile ukuqinisekiswa ngabaphenyi nezinkantolo; ngakho, ukunganaki isici esibaluleke kakhulu sokulinganisa. Kunobudlelwano bokuhlobana phakathi kwezinto, okuthile kanye nokungenelela kwabantu endaweni yesigameko sobugebengu. Ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe ekuhloleni kuyindlela enembe kakhulu, ethembekile futhi engenaphutha ekuthwebuleni izilinganiso zendawo yesigameko sobugebengu. Nakuba kuwumsebenzi odla isikhathi, ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe ekuhloleni kuphakanyiswe kakhulu ophenyweni lobugebengu futhi kufanele kwenziwe kokubili njengendlela nesu.
Izilinganiso zokungathinteki zinembe kakhulu kunezinhlobonhlobo zangempela zothintana naye, ezingalinganiswa ngisho ngamasentimitha namamilimitha. Mayelana nalokhu, i-3D ihlinzeka ngokuqiniseka okuphelele mayelana nezilinganiso zendawo yesigameko sobugebengu. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukubaluleka kokuguqula izithombe ze-2D zibe izilinganiso ezithembeke kakhulu ze-3D. Ngokwemvelo, izithombe ezijwayelekile ziqukethe ubukhulu obukabili, futhi ukungenelela kokusetshenziswa kwezithombe ekuhloleni kwenza isithombe sibe yigugu kakhulu ebukhulwini be-3D. Impela, kunomehluko omncane kuphela lapho izilinganiso zokusetshenziswa kwezithombe ekuhloleni ziqhathaniswa nezilinganiso zokuxhumana. Kodwa-ke, ukuthatha izilinganiso zezithombe kusathandwa yibo bobabili abaphenyi abazimele nabomphakathi ukuze kugwenywe amaphuzu akamuva engxabano ezinkantolo.
Ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe ekuhloleni kubalulekile ekwakhiweni kabusha kobufakazi obunembayo bendawo yesigameko sobugebengu kanye nendlela efanele yokusebenza ekuqoqeni imininingwane ebulekile yomuntu noma yento. Lolu cwaningo luhlose ukufaka isandla ekulinganiseni indawo yesigameko sobugebengu enembe kakhulu, okwenza kuncishiswe ukuncika ekudwebeni kwangempela nasezilinganisweni zokuhlela. Umcwaningi ulindele ukwethulwa kokusetshenziswe kwezithombe ekuhloleni ophenyweni lobugebengu ngoba sekuvele kusetshenziswa umkhakha wobunjiniyela. Nakuba ikhwalithi iza nezindleko, abaphenyi bobugebengu bathole inzuzo engenakulinganiswa ngokuhlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwezithombe ekuhloleni kwesehlakalo sobugebengu. Ngokulinganayo, ubufakazi obuphathekayo obudluliselwe futhi bethulwe ezinkantolo kufanele banele ngendlela engenakuphikiswa ukuze bathole ukugwetshwa kwazo zonke izinqubo zophenyo ngaphakathi kohlaka lokuhambisana nokubambelela kumthethosisekelo.
Ukwenziwa kwedijithali endaweni yesigameko sobugebengu kuyisinyathelo esibheke phambili ekusetshenzisweni kwezobuchwepheshe besimanje. Izinselelo zokungcoliswa kwendawo yesigameko sobugebengu zifaka isandla ekuphambukeni kwalo lonke uphenyo. Ngakho-ke, izilinganiso ezinembile zokusetshenziswa kwezithombe ekuhloleni ziwusizo ekuphikiseni izinguqulo eziphikisanayo ngofakazi nezisulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indlela yokusebenza yomsolwa wobugebengu itholwa ngezilinganiso ezingamanga zendawo yesigameko sobugebengu. Lonke Uhlelo Lwezobulungiswa Bobugebengu lwenze lwagxila ezinqubweni ezingafanele futhi lwafinyelela eziphethweni ezingalungile ngenxa yokuhlanekezelwa kwezilinganiso zendawo yesigameko sobugebengu.
Lolu cwaningo lwathatha ucwaningo lokuqoqa nokuhlaziya imininingwane engeyona izinombolo futhi, nendlela yencazelo yolwazi yasetshenziswa eJalimane nase-United States of America. Amasampula alandelwa yolwazi encazelweni kwaba amasampula okwahlulela njengoba kunesampula encane etholakalayo yabahlanganyeli kule ndawo eyinkimbinkimbi yobuchwepheshe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umcwaningi wenze futhi wathuthukisa indlela edume kakhulu ngenhlanganisela yohlaka lwamabha anezikhala ahambisanayo noma awelanayo yezilinganiso zezinto eziningi njengomnikelo walolu cwaningo. Okutholwe ocwaningweni kubonise ukuthi izilinganiso zokusetshenziswa kwezithombe ekuhloleni zinembe kakhulu futhi zithembekile uma kuqhathaniswa nezindlela zokulinganisa zendabuko ezitholakala emakethe. Umcwaningi uphakamise ukuthi kuqhutshekwe nokuthuthuka futhi kuhlolwe isu lokusebenza esimeni sase-Afrika.Ditekanyetso tsa lefelo la bosenyi di marara mme ga se gantsi di tlhomamisiwa ke babatlisisi le dikgotlatshekelo; ka jalo, go ikgatholosiwa ntlha ya botlhokwa tota ya tekanyetso. Go na le kamano ya kabelano magareng ga dilo le tsereganyo ya motho kwa lefelong la bosenyi. Fotokerameteri ke mokgwa o o nepagetseng thata, o o ikanyegang e bile o se na diphoso wa go tsaya ditekanyetso tsa lefelo la bosenyi. Le fa e le tiro e e tsayang nako, fotokerameteri e atlenegisiwa thata mo dipatlisisong tsa bosenyi mme e tshwanetse go dirisiwa jaaka mokgwa le thekeniki.
Ditekanyetso tse di se nang kamano epe di nepagetse go gaisa dipharologantsho tsa nnete tsa kamano, tse di ka lekanyediwang ka disentimetara le dimilimetara. Mo ntlheng eno, 3D e tlamela ka boammaruri ka ga ditekanyetso tsa lefelo la bosenyi. Thutopatlisiso e bontsha bokao jwa go fetolela ditshwantsho tsa 2D go nna ditekanyetso tse di ikanyegang botoka tsa 3D. Ka tlholego, ditshwantsho tsa tlwaelo di na le dikarolo tse pedi, mme tsereganyo ya fotokerameteri e dira gore setshwantsho se nne mosola thata ka 3D. Nnete ke gore go na le pharologanyonyana e e sa reng sepe fa ditekanyetso tsa forokerameteri di bapisiwa le ditekanyetso tsa kamano. Fela go tsaya ditekanyetso tsa ditshwantsho go sa ntse go itlhophelwa ke babatlisisi ba poraefete le ba setšhaba gore ba tile dikganetso tse di ka nnang teng morago kwa dikgotlatshekelo.
Fotokerameteri e botlhokwa go aga sešwa bosupi jwa lefelo la bosenyi ka nepo le go dira porofaele e e siameng ya mokgwatiro. Maikaelelo a thutopatlisiso ke go akgela mo ditekanyetsong tse di nepagetseng le go ikanyega botoka tsa lefelo la bosenyi, e leng se se dirang gore go seke ga ikaegiwa thata mo go thadiseng le go rulaganya ditekanyetso. Mmatlisisi o solofela go tlaa itsisewe fotokerameteri mo dipatlisisong tsa bosenyi gonne e setse e dirisiwa mo lephateng la boenjiniri. Le fa boleng bo tla ka ditshenyegelo, babatlisisi ba bosenyi ba bone tshiamelo e e boitshegang ka go akaretsa fotokerameteri mo lefelong la bosenyi. Fela jalo, bosupi jo bo ikanyegang jo bo romelwang le go tlhagisiwa kwa dikgotlatshekelo bo tshwanetse go lekana moo bo ka sekeng ba ganediwa gore go fitlhelelwe kgolego mme tirego yotlhe ya patlisiso e le maleba mo ntlheng ya go obamela molaotheo.
Go fetolela lefelo la bosenyi mo dijitaleng ke kgato e e lebisang kwa tirisong ya sešweng ya thekenoloji. Dikgwetlho tsa go kgotlhelega ga lefelo la bosenyi di akgela mo go fapogeng ga patlisiso yotlhe. Ka jalo, ditekanyetso tse di nepagetseng tsa fotokerametiri di thusa go ganetsa ditlhagiso tse di farologaneng tsa basupi le batswasetlhabelo. Mo godimo ga moo, mokgwatiro wa mmelaelwa wa mosenyi o lekolwa ka ditekanyetso tse di fosagetseng tsa lefelo la bosenyi. Go dirwa gore Tsamaiso yotlhe ya Tshiamiso ya Bosenyi e tote ditirego tse di seng maleba le go fitlhelela diphitlhelelo tse di fosagetseng ka ntlha ya ditekanyetso tsa lefelo la bosenyi tse di sa siamang.
Patlisiso e dirisitse patlisiso e e lebelelang mabaka mme gape go dirisitswe molebo wa maitemogelo wa Jeremane le Amerika. Go tsewa sampole go go latetsweng mo molebong wa maitemogelo e nnile go tsewa sampole ga katlholo gonne go na le sampolepotlana e e gona ya bannileseabe mo tikologong eno e e marara ya thekenoloji. Mo godimo ga moo, mmatlisisi o thadisitse le go dira mokgwa wa legend o o nang le motswako wa dikarolo tsa kiriti tsa ditekanyetso tsa dilo tse di farologaneng e le tshwaelo ya thutopatlisiso eno. Diphitlhelelo tsa thutopatlisiso di bontshitse gore ditekanyetso tsa fotokerametiri di nepagetse le go ikanyega fa di bapisiwa le mekgwa ya tlwaelo ya ditekanyetso e e gona mo mmarakeng. Mmatlisisi o atlenegisitse gore go nne le ditlhabololo tse dingwe le go tlhotlhomisa thekeniki mo bokaong jwa Aforika.D. Phil. (Criminal Justice)Criminology and Security Scienc
Exploring the adoption of activity-based costing in selected South African crude oil refineries
No full textAbstracts in English, Zulu and SesothoThe South African petroleum industry is regulated, with the Department of Energy stipulating import parity as refinery product costs. Refineries may not have an exact view of actual product cost and may base decisions on deemed costs. Prior literature has not addressed refinery processes or activity-based costing in regulated environments. This study aimed to explore the opinions of selected refinery managers on refinery processes and activity-based costing adoption to inform optimal product mix decisions for selected regulated products. The empirical analysis based on semi-structured interviews determined that even though refineries allocate indirect costs to products based on volume, product mix decisions are based on the regulated price. Although the findings support activity-based costing adoption, this may not be conducive in regulated environments. Further research is required on the relationship between activity-based costing and price regulation, and how activity-based costing may impact the optimisation of the crude oil refinery value chain.M. Phil. (Accounting Sciences)College of Accounting Science
Urban landscape change and its relationality to sense of place : the case study of Swakopmund
No full textThis dissertation presents Swakopmund, Namibia, as a case study and asks how changes in the landscape brought about by urban development and modernisation influence the sense of place experienced by the resident population.
A mixed-method investigation was carried out for the study through semi-structured in-depth interviews and an anonymous online questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of questions relating to the identified components that contribute to a sense of place, namely, image, form, activity, place attachment and place meaning, which the respondents had to rate according to a novel five-point Likert scale.
The global theme that emerged from the data was that the modernised facilities selected for the study had a positive influence on the sense-of-place components. Moreover, the data suggested that there was a significant relationship between the facilities and the sense-of-place components.
These results highlight that the influence of the modernised facilities on the resident population’s sense of place is determined by how they perceive and experience the facilities and the value they attach to the facilities. Several recommendations are made regarding areas of further study and for Swakopmund’s municipality.Hierdie verhandeling ondersoek hoe veranderinge in die landskap as gevolg van stedelike ontwikkeling en modernisering die gevestigde pleksin van inwoners van Swakopmund, Namibië, beïnvloed.
Gemengde metodes in die vorm van indringende semigestruktureerde onderhoude en ’n anonieme aanlyn vraelys is vir hierdie gevallestudie gebruik. Die vraelys het vrae oor die geïdentifiseerde komponente van pleksin, naamlik beeld, vorm, aktiwiteit, konneksie en betekenis van die plek, bevat wat die respondente deur middel van ’n nuutgeskepte Likert-skaal van vyf punte moes beoordeel.
Die oorhoofse tema wat uit die data na vore gekom het, was dat die moderne fasiliteite wat vir die studie gekies is ’n positiewe uitwerking op die verskillende pleksin-komponente gehad het. Die data het daarbenewens op ’n statisties beduidende verband tussen die fasiliteite en die pleksin-komponente gedui.
Die uitslae beklemtoon dat die invloed van die moderne fasiliteite op die inwoners se pleksin deur hulle persepsie en belewenis van die fasiliteite en die waarde wat hulle aan die fasiliteite heg, bepaal word. Verskeie voorstelle rakende verdere studies in hierdie verband, sowel as voorstelle aan die plaaslike munisipaliteit van Swakopmund, word op grond van die uitslag van die studie gemaak.Lolu cwaningo luveza i-Swakopmund, e-Namibia, njengesibonelo socwaningo futhi lubuza ukuthi izinguquko esimweni esilethwa ukuthuthukiswa kwamadolobha kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwesimanje ziwuthinta kanjani umuzwa wendawo izakhamuzi ezibhekana nazo.
Uphenyo lwezindlela ezixubile lwenziwe ocwaningweni ngezingxoxiswano ezijulile ezisakhiwe ezingaphelele kanye nohlu lwemibuzo lwe-inthanethi olungaziwa. Uhla lwemibuzo belunemibuzo ephathelene nezingxenye ezihlonziwe ezinomthelela emqondweni wendawo, okungukuthi, isithombe, isimo, umsebenzi, okunamathiselwe kuyindawo kanye nencazelo yendawo, okuyinto abaphendulile okufanele bayilinganise ngokwenoveli yesikali se-Likert samaphuzu amahlanu.
Indikimba yomhlaba wonke eyavela kudatha yayiwukuthi izikhungo zesimanje ezikhethelwe ucwaningo zibe nomthelela omuhle ezingxenyeni zomqondo wendawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, idatha iphakamise ukuthi kunobudlelwano obubalulekile phakathi kwezinsiza kanye nezingxenye zomqondo wendawo.
Le miphumela igqamisa ukuthi umthelela wezikhungo ezithuthukisiwe kumqondo wendawo wezakhamuzi unqunywa indlela abazibona ngayo futhi nabazizwa ngayo izinsiza kanye nenani abalinamathisela ezikhungweni. Izincomo eziningi zenziwe mayelana nezindawo okusazoqhutshekwa nazo kufundwe kanye nomasipala waseSwakopmund.M. Sc. (Geography)Geograph
Using lean management to advance supply chain efficiency
Get PDFLean management has been traditionally used in the manufacturing world but recently there has been a move to apply lean manufacturing principles in the supply chain management. There is an ever-growing pressure for organisations to achieve shorter lead times, lower costs and better quality. Lean provides a systematic approach to optimize value stream from suppliers to consumers through elimination of non-value adding activities. This paper looks at the benefits of implementing lean in supply chain, supply chain performance review tools, evolution of lean in other sectors out of manufacturing and how it can be implemented in an integrative manner with other approaches such as Industry 4.0. It further reviews the peer reviewed case studies where lean has been implemented successfully and how can the results be amplified further.Mechanical and Industrial Engineerin
Private university colleges and quality assurance mechanisms in Ghana
No full textThe focus of this research was on the mechanisms used by Ghana’s two higher education regulatory institutions, and the selected mentoring public sector universities (hereinafter referred to as ‘PSU’s) to ensure quality standards of education in private university colleges (hereinafter referred to as ‘PUC’s) in Ghana. Against this background, the aim of this research project was to investigate the existing quality assurance (hereinafter referred to as ‘QA’) mechanisms used by the National Council for Tertiary Education (hereinafter referred to as ‘NCTE’), the National Accreditation Board (hereinafter referred to as the ‘NAB’) and selected mentoring PSU’s in an attempt to demonstrate how these mechanisms could be strengthened to ensure successful application of QA at PUC’s in Ghana. The interpretive frameworks of this project are constructivism and pragmatism and the research design was qualitative. Accordingly, the methods that were adopted for data collection included; semi-structured personal interviews, document analysis and a literature review. Data were collected from six PUC’s, the two mentoring PSU’s to which the sampled PUC’s were affiliated at the time of this inquiry, the NCTE, the NAB, as well as the assessors who had ever worked for the NAB within the last five years at the time of data collection. Since the current study is based on qualitative grounded theory research, no definite sample size was determined. As a result, the process of data collection and analysis continued throughout the research process until a point of data saturation was attained. At the time of data saturation, twenty-four participants were sampled and interviewed from the four groups of participants. Results from the four sets of data showed that, despite the existence of the two regulatory institutions with a mandate to ensure quality standards in all higher education institutions in Ghana, and the existence of comprehensive policies, the gaps in the National Accreditation Board Act 744 of 2007 (hereinafter referred to as the 2007 National Accreditation Board Act) and the National Council for Tertiary Education Act 454 of 1993 (hereinafter referred to as the 1993 National Council for Tertiary Education Act) coupled with inadequate resources affected their effectiveness. There were also shortcomings in the roles played by both the mentoring PSU’s and the mentored PUC’s in ensuring quality standards in the PUC’s. Based on the key themes that emerged from the analysis of the research data and the challenges identified with the existing QA framework, the Culture of Quality (hereinafter referred to as ‘CoQ’) framework (see Chapter 7, Figure 7.9) and interventions that could contribute to ensure quality standards in PUC’s in Ghana were proposed. The study has also brought to the fore the voice of PUC’s with regard to their challenges and their suggestions that could be factored into policy development for effective collaboration with the regulatory institutions for ensuring quality standards in PUC’s in Ghana.Ph. D. (Public Administration)Public Administration and Managemen
Macroeconomic determinants of fiscal policy in east Africa: a panel causality analysis
No full textThis study investigates the dynamic causality linkages between fiscal deficits and selected macroeconomic indicators in a panel of five East African countries. The research design is based on panel cointegration tests, panel cross-section dependence tests, panel error correction-based Granger causality tests, and panel impulse response functions. Results show that there is long run feedback causality among fiscal deficits and each of the variables that include: real GDP growth, current account balance, interest rates, inflation, grants, and debt service. Short run Granger causality dynamics indicate that there is feedback causality between fiscal deficits and GDP growth; no causality between fiscal deficits and inflation; no causality between fiscal deficits and current account; no causality between fiscal deficits and interest rates; feedback causality between fiscal deficits and grants; and no causality between fiscal deficits and debt service. Impulse response functions show positive and significant impacts of current account balance, inflation, and grants; negative and significant impacts of real GDP growth and lending rates; and insignificant effects of debt service. In the context of the East African Community’s aspirations to achieve convergence on key macroeconomic targets, including the fiscal deficit, this research provides novel insights on fiscal policy determinants and causality dynamics.Economic
Public resources for public sanitation: the cases of Merafong and JB Marks local municipalities
Get PDFSouth Africa, like many developing countries, faces a significant challenge in providing a sustainable water supply and sanitation service to its citizens as it has a vast water supply and sanitation infrastructure backlog. The Merafong and JB Marks local municipalities (LMs) are not immune to these challenges, as proven by the results of this study. Various aspects of access to sanitation services revealed a complex and challenging reality faced by the residents of the Merafong and JB Marks LMs. This study is a multiple case study investigation that wanted to determine shortcomings in the delivery of sanitation services in the Merafong and JB Marks LMs.
Empirical findings were sought through the administration of questionnaires and by conducting interviews with municipal officials. Data collection instruments were selected in line with concurrent convergence mixed-method research, which dictates that qualitative and quantitative data should be collected at more or less the same time. The use of official documents, including Integrated Development Plans (IDPs) and municipal annual reports, proved to be invaluable sources of information for this study. These documents assisted the researcher in arriving at accurate conclusions since the responses provided by municipal officials could not be verified and appeared to be untrustworthy to the researcher.
This research revealed that the sanitation infrastructure in both cases is in a state of disrepair due to neglect over several years. Poor maintenance has resulted in a water and sanitation backlog, which these municipalities are struggling to address. The challenges facing municipalities in both cases range from administrative incapacity, poor planning, poor financial management and lack of public participation in the affairs of the municipalities. Staff shortages, a lack of technical skills, staff turnover and the municipalities’ inability to initiate mentoring and staff retainment programmes pose a risk to the stability and functioning of these municipalities. Moreover, the municipalities’ inability to spend allocated funds to improve sanitation infrastructure is one of the impediments to their development. Vandalism and the theft of equipment, along with the formation of sinkholes, present unique challenges for the Merafong LM. The study has
shown that a multi-pronged approach is required to address water and sanitation shortcomings in both cases.Afrika Borwa, jwalo ka dinaha tse ngata tse ntseng di tswela pele, e tobane le phephetso e kgolo ya ho fana ka phepelo e tsitsitseng ya metsi le phano ya metsi a hlwekileng le tsamaiso ya dikgwerekgwere ho baahi ba yona kaha e na le tshalelomorao e kgolo ya meralo ya motheo ya phepelo ya metsi a hlekileng le tsamaiso ya dikgwerekgwere. Bomasepala ba selehae ba Merafong le JB Marks (LMs) le bona ba hlahelwa ke diphephetso tsena, jwalokaha ho pakilwe ke diphetho tsa thuto ena. Dikarolo tse fapaneng tsa phihlello ho phano ya metsi a hlwekileng le tsamaiso ya dikgwerekgwere di senotse nnete e thata le e phephetsang eo baahi ba Merafong le JB Marks LM ba tobaneng le yona. Thuto ena ke dipatlisiso tsa mehlala e mengata e neng e batla ho fumana dikgaello phanong ya metsi a hlwekileng le tsamaiso ya dikgwerekgwere Merafong le JB Marks LMs.
Diphuputso tse matla di ile tsa batlwa ka tsamaiso ya dipotso le ka ho etsa dipuisano le basebeletsi ba mmasepala. Disebediswa tsa pokello ya dintlha di kgethilwe ho latela dipatlisiso tsa mekgwa e tswakilweng ya ho ya kopanong ya ho tshwana, e bolelang hore dintlha tsa boleng le bongata di lokela ho bokellwa bonyane ka nako e le nngwe.Tshebediso ya ditokomane tsa semmuso, ho kenyeletswa Meralo e Kopanetsweng ya Ntshetsopele (IDPs) le ditlaleho tsa selemo tsa masepala, tse bonahetseng e le mehlodi ya bohlokwa ya tlhahisoleseding bakeng sa thuto ena. Ditokomane tsena di thusitse mofuputsi hore a fihlele diqeto tse nepahetseng kaha dikarabo tse fanweng ke diofisiri tsa masepala di ne di ke ke tsa netefatswa mme di bonahala di sa tshepahale ho mofuputsi.
Diphuphutso tsena di senotse hore meralo ya phano ya metsi a hlwekileng le tsamaiso ya dikgwerekgwere di maemong a mabe ka bobedi ka lebaka la bohlaswa ka dilemo tse mmalwa. Tlhokomelo e fokolang e bakile tshiyamorao ya phano ya metsi a hlwekieng le tsamaiso ya dikgwerekgwere, eo bomasepala bana ba sokolang ho e rarolla. Diphephetso tse tobaneng le bomasepala maemong ana ka bobedi di fapana ho tloha ho tlhokeho ya tsamaiso, moralo o mobe, taolo e mpe ya ditjhelete le kgaello ya seabo sa setjhaba ditabeng tsa bomasepala. Kgaello ya basebetsi, kgaello ya ditsebo tsa setegeniki, phallo ya basebetsi le ho se kgonehe ha bomasepala ho qala mananeo a tlhabollo mme le mananeo a ho boloka basebetsi a beha bomasepala ka
mosing botsitsong le tshebetsong ya bo masepala bana. Ho feta moo, ho se kgone ho sebedisa tjhelete ya bomasepala ho ntlafatsa ditshebeletso tsa phano ya metsi a hlwekileng le tsamaiso ya dikgwerekgwere ke e nngwe ya ditshitiso ntlafatsong ya bona. Ho senngwa ha thepa le bosholu ba disebediswa, hammoho le ho thehwa ha dikoti, di hlahisa mathata a ikgethang bakeng sa LM ya Merafong. Thuto e bontshitse hore ho hlokahala mokgwa o nang le mekgwa e mengata ho rarolla mefokolo ya metsi le phano ya metsi a hlwekileng le tsamaiso ya dikgwerekgwere maemong ao ka bobedi.INingizimu Afrika, njengamazwe amaningi asathuthuka, ibhekene nenselelo enkulu yokuhlinzeka ngamanzi nokuthuthwa kwendle esimeme ezakhamuzini zayo njengoba inokusilela emuva kwengqalasizinda yamanzi nokuthuthwa kwendle. Omasipala bendawo baseMerafong kanye ne-JB Marks (LMs) nabo baya bandakanyeka kulezi zinselele, njengoba kufakazelwa yimiphumela yalolu cwaningo. Izingxenye ezehlukene zokufinyelela ezinsizeni zokuthuthwa kwendle ziveze iqiniso elinzima neliyinselelo kubahlali baseMerafong kanye ne-JB Marks LMs. Lolu cwaningo luwucwaningo lwezimo eziningi olwalufuna ukunquma amaphutha ekulethweni kwezinsizakalo zokuthuthwa kwendle eMerafong kanye ne-JB Marks LMs.
Okutholwe okunobufakazi uuthi kwafunwa ngokuphathwa kwemibuzo nangokuxoxisana nezikhulu zikamasipala. Amathuluzi okuqoqwa kwedatha akhethwe ngokuhambisana nocwaningo lwendlela exubile yokuhlangana, olubeka ukuthi idatha yekhwalithi neyobuningi kufanele iqoqwe cishe noma ngaphansi ngesikhathi esifanayo. Ukusetshenziswa kwemibhalo esemthethweni, okuhlanganisa Izinhlelo Zokuthuthukisa Ezididiyelwe (IZE) kanye nemibiko yonyaka kamasipala, kubonakale kuyimithombo ebalulekile yolwazi yalolu cwaningo. Le mibhalo isize umcwaningi ukuthi afinyelele eziphethweni ezinembile njengoba izimpendulo ezinikezwe izikhulu zikamasipala zingakwazanga ukuqinisekiswa futhi zibonakala zingathembekile kumcwaningi.
Lolu cwaningo luveze ukuthi ingqalasizinda yezokuthuthwa kwendle kuzo zombili lezi zimo isesimweni esibi ngenxa yokunganakwa iminyaka eminingi. Ukungalungiswa kahle wayo kuholele ekutheni kube nokusilela emuva kwamanzi nokuthuthwa kwendle, labo masipala abakuthola kunzima ukukulungisa. Izinselelo ezibhekene nomasipala kuzo zombili lezi zimo zisukela ekungakwazini ukuphatha, ukuhlela kahle, ukuphathwa kabi kwezimali kanye nokuntuleka kokuhlanganyela komphakathi ezindabeni zomasipala. Ukushoda kwabasebenzi, ukuntuleka kwamakhono ezobuchwepheshe, ukushintshwa kwabasebenzi kanye nokungakwazi komasipala ukuqalisa izinhlelo zokuqeqesha kanye nokugcina abasebenzi kuyingozi ekuzinzeni nasekusebenzeni kwalabo masipala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukungakwazi komasipala ukusebenzisa imali eyabelwe ukuthuthukisa ingqalasizinda yokuthuthwa kwendle kungenye yezithiyo ekuthuthukisweni kwabo. Ukucekelwa phansi kwempahla kanye nokwebiwa kwemishini, kanye nokwakhiwa kwezitamkoko , kuletha izinselele eziyingqayizivele ku-LM Merafong. Ucwaningo selukhombisile ukuthi kudingeka indlela ehlanganisa izinto eziningi ukuze kubhekwane nokusilela kwamanzi nokuthuthwa kwendle kuzo zombili lezi zimo.D. Phil. (Public Administration)Public Administration and Managemen
The quality of service provision to newborns in the primary healthcare, West Gojjam zone, North-West of Ethiopia: a cross-sectional survey
Get PDFAbstract
Background
During 2019, neonatal conditions in Ethiopia accounted for 55% of under-5 deaths, with 33 neonatal deaths occurring for every 1000 live births. More than 80% of all newborns deaths are caused by preventable and treatable conditions with available interventions. In Ethiopia, mortality rates for newborn babies have remained stubbornly high over the decades.
Objective
This research aimed to assess the quality-of-service provision for newborns in the primary healthcare units in the North-West of Ethiopia.
Methods
A cross-sectional survey design was employed. Interviewer-administered questionnaires were administered to 221 health workers and health extension workers, and health facility readiness assessment was done in 142 health facilities including 3 Primary hospitals, 76 Health centres and 63 Health posts from April to July 2017. Data was entered into the EpiData 3.1, exported to SPSS and STATA for analysis. Descriptive and regression multivariate analysis was applied.
Results
Out of the 10 quality of newborn care variables, 8.7 [95%CI: 6.03–11.303], the highest mean was achieved by primary hospitals, followed by urban health centres with a 6.4 mean [95%CI:5.168–7.601]. However, nearly half of the rural health centres were providing quality of newborn care at the mean of 5.7 [95%CI: 5.152–6.18], and below half was provided by health posts, 4.5 [95%CI: 3.867–5.116]. From the seven emergency newborn care signal functions, primary hospitals had a higher mean score, 6.3 [95%CI: 6.007–7.325] and rural health centres had the lowest mean score, 2.3 [95%CI: 2.043–2.623]. The availability of essential equipment is also significantly associated with the quality of neonatal care provision in the health facilities (p < 0.05). Overall, the effectiveness of the neonatal healthcare services has a significant association with the health facility readiness score [95%CI: 0.134–0.768].
Conclusion
The quality of newborn care was high at the higher-level health facilities and lower in the lower-level health facilities such as rural health centres and health posts, where these facilities are an entry point to the health system and are expected to provide the essential newborn care services to the majority of the rural communities. In addition, the provision of emergency newborn care signal functions was critically low in rural health centres where these are referral receiving health facilities from health posts. Thus, rural health centres and health posts should be targeted to improve their readiness to provide the quality of services for newborns as per their expected level of care
Leisure reading experiences : the case study of young adult- readers at the University of Mpumalanga
Get PDFThis qualitative study aimed to explore experiences of leisure reading and its benefits for, young adult-readers at the University of Mpumalanga. In addition, it examines whether students regard it as a growth experience [experience that assist young adult to change] or not and if so, in what sense.
This approach was employed to answer the research question which was how young adult-leisure readers at the University of Mpumalanga describe their experiences of leisure reading. Data were collected using individuals’ interviews and focus group discussions with 22 sampled participants at a University in Mpumalanga Province.
Thematic analysis was performed manually and with Atlas ti v9, following the techniques outlined by Braun and Clarke (2006). The researcher analysed data by classifying, categorising and thematising information gathered from participants and linking it to the literature reviewed. The study’s theoretical approach was heavily influenced by Mezirow’s (1978) transformational learning theory.
According to the current study, some young adults are passionate about reading and their enthusiasm for leisure reading tends to encourage their peers to read as well. The findings also revealed that leisure reading broadens the language proficiency of young adult leisure readers. Participants in this study also indicated that leisure reading relieves tension, allow them to relax and allow them to escape from intrusive and unsuitable activities. They also stated that there were impediments (barriers) that prevented them from engaging in leisure reading such as examination periods, lack of reading material and lack connectivity during school vacation. Reading competitions and the provision of incentives such as bursaries or prizes were cited as encouragements that can attract leisure readers. A major strategy identified by the participants as a solution to promote leisure reading was technology, since most of them spent most of their time using their technological gadgets. Loh and Sun (2022) claim that reading experience of young adult-readers who are using technological devices improved through using technological devices. However, Singh and Gangopadhyay (2017) view the use of technology in leisure reading as a ‘Technological Divide’ because poor young adult-readers who are unable to assess those technological devices are then deprived to read, thus Higher Institution Libraries should bridge that gap by providing technological devices for leisure reading. It was also established that the benefits of leisure reading for young adults translates to a sort of growth for young adult readers because they are transformed and become more versatile in their thinking and viewing of the world.
Based on the findings, the Department of Higher Education should implement effective policies to instil, educate and foster a culture of reading and transformative learning in young adults, who will then pass it on to the next generation. Furthermore, the findings contribute to the corpus of knowledge in Education and Social Science.D. Phil. (Educational Studies)Educational Studie
Exploratory case studies to improve efficiencies through lean techniques in continuous processes in two South African companies
Get PDFAbstracts in English, Sotho and ZuluLean manufacturing principles have various tools and techniques that have been commonly used in discrete manufacturing processes. The literature on the use of lean techniques in continuous processes is scant, particularly from a South African perspective. Therefore, it is not clear whether manufacturers using continuous processes use lean techniques in their automated processes. This study aimed to explore lean techniques that can improve efficiencies in continuous processes in two South African case studies by identifying the various forms of waste that exist within their continuous process manufacturing environments, determining the lean techniques that are used in the two continuous process environments, and identifying how efficiencies can be improved within the two continuous process manufacturing environments. The interpretative paradigm was chosen, and an exploratory study was conducted that followed a qualitative research methodology. The data were collected through a desktop literature review, workplace observations of two case study environments that use continuous processes, and twenty-four semistructured face-to-face interviews. These interviews were analysed using content analysis, and workplace observations and a literature review were used to triangulate the data collected. The findings of the study revealed: recycling of waste can also be viewed as a form of waste due to the additional employment of resources in the form of staff, energy, time, effort and money; workers need to be involved in the decision-making capability of the production facility by sharing information, deciding how work is performed and suggesting continuous improvement and enhancement of production efficiency; management has put standard operating procedures in place for workers, but workers do not follow those standard operating procedures; there are various continuous improvement methods (Six Sigma DMAIC, Fishbone, 5 Whys and root cause analysis) used in continuous processes to solve production problems; maintenance staff prioritise maintenance to machines that prevent the complete stoppage of the production process in continuous process facilities; maintenance staff mostly conduct reactive maintenance to avoid lengthy production downtime; the lean manufacturing techniques that are applied in continuous processes are TPM (preventative and corrective maintenance), continuous improvement (Six Sigma DMAIC, 5 Whys, root cause analysis and fishbone analysis), 5S, recycling and TQM. The following recommendations were made: managers must monitor the adherence to standard operating procedures; a monthly forum should be established where workers can be taught and informed of the impact of the statistical data and number of defects and allowed to provide input into how process efficiencies can be improved; management must facilitate proper maintenance execution through effective monitoring and control strategies; and lean manufacturing should be adopted as a philosophy within the case study examples. This study is of value to all organisations that use the continuous process. Recommendations for future studies are as follows: the sample can be enlarged to generalise the findings, and other countries may be consideredDintlhatheo tsa tlhagiso e e fokotsang tshenyo mme e oketsa tlhagiso di na le didiriswa le dithekeniki tse di farologaneng tse di ntseng di dirisiwa ka tlwaelo mo tlhagisong ya ditlhagiswa tse di bonalang. Dikwalo tse di ka ga tiriso ya dithekeniki tse difokotsang tshenyo mme di oketsa tlhagiso ga di kalo, bogolo segolo mo ntlheng ya Aforikaborwa. Ka jalo, ga go bonale sentle gore a batlhagisi ba ba dirisang ditirego tse di tswelelang pele ba dirisa dithekeniki tse di fokotsang tshenyo mme di oketsa tlhagiso mo ditiregong tsa bona tsa itiriso. Thutopatlisiso eno e ne e ikaeletse go tlhotlhomisa dithekeniki tse di fokotsang tshenyo mme di oketsa tlhagiso tse di ka tokafatsang nonofo ya ditirego tse di tswelelang pele mo dithutopatlisisong tsa tobiso di le pedi tsa Aforikaborwa, ka go supa mefuta e e farologaneng ya tshenyo e e gona mo tikologong ya tsona ya tlhagiso ya tirego e e tswelelang pele, le go supa ka moo nonofo e ka tokafadiwang ka gona mo ditikologong tse pedi tsa tlhagiso ya tirego e e tswelelang pele. Go tlhophilwe sekao sa thanolo, mme go dirisitswe thutopatlisiso e e tlhotlhomisang e latela mokgwa wa patlisiso o o lebelelang mabaka. Go kokoantswe data ka tshekatsheko ya dikwalo mo khomphiuteng, kelotlhoko ya kwa mafelotirong ya ditikologo tse pedi tsa thutopatlisiso ya tobiso tse di dirisang ditirego tse di tswelelang pele, le dikopanopotsolotso tsa namana tse di batlileng di rulagane di le 24. Dikopanopotsolotso di lokolotswe go dirisiwa tokololo ya diteng, mme data e e kokoantsweng ka kelotlhoko ya kwa mafelotirong le tshekatsheko ya dikwalo e dirisitswe ka mekgwa e e farologaneng. Diphitlhelelo tsa thutopatlisiso di senotse gore: go dirisiwa gape ga leswe go ka tsewa e le mokgwa wa tshenyo ka ntlha ya tiriso ya ditlamelo tsa tlaleletso di tshwana le badiri, motlakase, nako, matsapa le tšhelete; badiri ba tshwanetse go nna le seabe mo bokgoning jwa tseoditshwetso jwa setheo ka go abelana tshedimosetso, go swetsa gore tiro e dirwa jang le go tshitshinya tokafatso e e tswelelang pele le tokafatso ya nonofo ya tlhagiso; botsamaisi bo beetse badiri dithulaganyo tse di rileng tsa go dira, fela badiri ga ba latele dithulaganyo tseo tse di beilweng; go na le mekgwa e e farologaneng ya tokafatso e e tswelelang pele (Six Sigma DMAIC, Lerapo la tlhapi (Fishbone), Goreng ba ba 5 (5 Whys) le tokololo ya sebako sa motheo) e e dirisiwang mo ditiregong tse di tswelelang pele go rarabolola mathata a tlhagiso; badiri ba tlhokomelo/paakanyo ba baya paakanyo ya metšhini e e thibelang go emisiwa gotlhelele ga tlhagiso jaaka setlapele mo ditlamelong tsa tirego e e tswelelang pele; badiri ba tlhokomelo/paakanyo gantsi ba dira paakanyo go tsiboga e le go tila gore go nne le nako e telele e go se nang tlhagiso mo go yona; dithekeniki tsa tlhagiso tse di fokotsang tshenyo mme di oketsa tlhagiso tse di dirisiwang mo ditiregong tse di tswelelang pele ke TPM (paakanyo ya thibelo le paakanyo), tokafatso e e tswelelang pele (Six Sigma DMAIC, Goreng ba ba 5 (5 Whys), tokololo ya sebako sa motheo le tokololo ya lerapo la tlhapi), 5S, tiriso gape le TQM. Go dirilwe dikatlenegiso tse di latelang: batsamaisi ba tshwanetse go baya leitlho kobamelo ya dithulaganyo tse di beilweng tsa tiro; go tshwanetse ga simololwa foramo ya kgwedi le kgwedi moo badiri ba ka rutwang le go sedimosediwa ka ditlamorago tsa data ya dipalopalo le palo ya diphoso mme ba letlelelwe go dira dikakgelo malebana le gore nonofo ya ditirego e ka tokafadiwa jang; botsamaisi bo tshwanetse go bebofatsa tiragatso e e siameng ya paakanyo ka ditogamaano tsa peoleitlho e e bokgoni le taolo; mme tlhagiso e e fokotsang tshenyo mme e oketsa tlhagiso e tshwanetse go amogelwa jaaka mogopolo mo dikaing tsa thutopatlisiso ya tobiso. Thutopatlisiso eno e mosola mo ditheong tse di dirisang tirego e e tswelelang pele. Dikatlenegiso tsa dithutopatlisiso tsa mo isagong di a latela: go ka okediwa sampole gore diphitlhelelo di kgone go akaretsa, mme go ka akanngwa ka dinaga tse dingwe.Izimiso zokukhiqiza ukuqedwa kanzima kwemfucuza zinamathuluzi namasu ahlukahlukene asetshenziswe ngokuvamile ezinqubeni zokukhiqiza ezihlukene. Imibhalo ephathelene nokusetshenziswa kwezindlela zokuqedwa kanzima kwemfucuza ezinqubeni eziqhubekayo mincane, ikakhulukazi ngokombono waseNingizimu Afrika. Ngakho-ke, akucaci ukuthi abakhiqizi abasebenzisa izinqubo eziqhubekayo basebenzisa amasu okuqedwa kanzima kwemfucuza ezinqubeni zabo ezizenzakalelayo. Lolu cwaningo luhlose ukuhlola amasu okuqedwa kanzima kwemfucuza angathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle ezinqubeni eziqhubekayo ezicwaningweni ezimbili zaseNingizimu Afrika ngokuhlonza izinhlobo ezahlukene zemfucuza ezikhona ngaphakathi kwenqubo yazo eqhubekayo yokukhiqiza izindawo, kunqunywa amasu okuqedwa kanzima kwemfucuza asetshenziswa ezindaweni ezimbili eziqhubekayo zenqubo, kanye nokuhlonza ukuthi ukusebenza ngempumelelo kungathuthukiswa kanjani phakathi kwezinqubo ezimbili eziqhubekayo zokukhiqiza izindawo. Kwakhethwa indlela ebandakanya abacwaningi ukuze bahumushe izingxenye zocwaningo, kwase kwenziwa ucwaningo lokuhlola olulandela indlela yocwaningo egxile ekutholeni imininingwane ngokusebenzisa ukuxhumana okuvulekile nokuxoxa. Imininingwane yaqoqwa ngokubuyekezwa kwemibhalo ekuqoqeni imininingwane ezinsizeni ezikhona, ukubhekwa kwendawo yokusebenza kwezindawo ezimbili zezifundo ezisebenzisa izinqubo eziqhubekayo, kanye nezingxoxo ezingamashumi amabili nane zobuso nobuso ezingahlelekile. Lezi zingxoxo zahlaziywa kusetshenziswa ukuhlaziya okuqukethwe, futhi ukubhekwa kwendawo yokusebenza nokubuyekezwa kwemibhalo kwasetshenziswa ukuhlukanisa indawo ibe ngonxantathu ukuze kulawe imininingwane eqoqiwe. Okutholwe ocwaningweni kwembule: ukugaywa kabusha kwemfucuza kungabuye kubhekwe njengohlobo lokumosha ngenxa yokuqashwa okwengeziwe kwezinsiza ezifana nabasebenzi, amandla, isikhathi, umzamo kanye nemali; abasebenzi kudingeka babambe iqhaza ekuthatheni izinqumo kwesikhungo sokukhiqiza ngokwabelana ngolwazi, banqume ukuthi umsebenzi wenziwa kanjani futhi baphakamise ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza; abaphathi babeke izinqubo ezijwayelekile zokusebenza kubasebenzi, kodwa abasebenzi abazilandeli lezo zinqubo ezijwayelekile zokusebenza; kunezindlela ezihlukahlukene eziqhubekayo zokuthuthukisa (Isu lekhwalithi eliqhutshwa yimininingwane elisetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa izinqubo, indlela ebonakalayo yokubheka imbangela nomphumela, indlela yokubuza futhi ephendula umbuzo othi "Kungani?" kanye nenqubo yokuthola umnyombo wezinkinga ukuze kutholakale izixazululo ezifanele) ezisetshenziselwa izinqubo eziqhubekayo zokuxazulula izinkinga zokukhiqiza; abasebenzi bezokulungisa babeka phambili ukugcinwa kwemishini evimbela ukumiswa okuphelele kwenqubo yokukhiqiza ezikhungweni zenqubo eqhubekayo, abasebenzi bezokulungisa bavame ukwenza umsebenzi wokulungisa ukugwema isikhathi eside sokukhiqiza; amasu okukhiqiza kokuqedwa kanzima kwemfucuza asetshenziswa ezinqubeni eziqhubekayo yi-TPM (ukugcinwa kokuvimbela nokulungiswa), ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo (Isu lekhwalithi eliqhutshwa yimininingwane elisetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa izinqubo, indlela yokubuza futhi ephendula umbuzo othi "Kungani?", ukuhlaziya kokuthola umnyombo wezinkinga ukuze kutholakale izixazululo ezifanele kanye nokuhlaziya okubonakalayo kokubheka imbangela nomphumela), uhlelo lokuhlela izindawo ukuze umsebenzi wenziwe ngempumelelo nangokuphepha (5S), ukugaywa kabusha kanye nokuphathwa kwekhwalithi okuphelele (TQM). Kwenziwa iziphakamiso ezilandelayo: abaphathi kumele baqaphe ukulandelwa kwezinqubo ezijwayelekile zokusebenza; kufanele kusungulwe isithangami sanyanga zonke lapho abasebenzi bengafundiswa khona futhi baziswe ngomthelela wemininingwane yezibalo kanye nenani lamaphutha futhi bavunyelwe ukunikeza umbono wokuthi ukuphumelela kwezinqubo kungathuthukiswa kanjani; abaphathi kumele benze lula ukugcinwa kokulungiswa ngendlela efanele ngamasu okuqapha nokulawula ngempumelelo; futhi ukukhiqizwa kokuqedwa kanzima kwemfucuza kufanele kwamukelwe njengesimo sokuziphatha ngaphakathi kwezibonelo zesifundo socwaningo. Lolu cwaningo lubalulekile kuzo zonke izinhlangano ezisebenzisa inqubo eqhubekayo. Iziphakamiso zezifundo zesikhathi esizayo zimi kanje: isampuli ingakhuliswa ukuze kuhlanganiswe okutholakele, futhi amanye amazwe angacatshangelwa.M. Com. (Business Management)Colleges of Economic and Management Science