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An analysis of the legal and policy developments of the right to basic education under the South African constitution
Get PDFThe purpose of the study was to undertake an analysis of the legal and policy developments of the right to basic education in South Africa as enshrined in section 29 of the Constitution. This included, amongst others, the exploration of aspects of the colonial and apartheid legacy that impacted on the right to basic education for the majority of children in South Africa. Law and policy developments of the pre- and post-1994 periods with an impact on the right to basic education in South Africa were also explored, taking into consideration international policy instruments which influenced the right to basic education, and how the courts have interpreted the right to basic education in South Africa within the context of the final Constitution. The study also considered the notion of access to education as a key to the realisation of the right to basic education under the South African Constitution.
From this study, it has become evidently clear that South Africa under apartheid was characterised by deliberate government policies clearly intended to exclude the majority of the population. One of the key pieces of legislation introduced in this regard was the Bantu Education Act 47 of 1953 (Bantu Education Act). This legislative intervention followed the recommendations of the Eiselen Commission. The governing party of the apartheid regime at the time, the National Party (NP), had targeted education as its weapon to institutionalise white supremacy since it came to power in 1948.
Series of events, including uprisings and protests, forced the apartheid regime into negotiations, especially in the early 1990s. At the heart of these negotiations was a constitutional dispensation that would recognise the rights of all, including the right to basic education. This explains the increased access to basic education by the majority of the population in the subsequent years. The study has shown that the right to basic education has recorded significant progress, which has reached near-universal school enrolment.
The study has concluded that a lot has been achieved in South Africa with regard to legal and policy developments relating to the right to basic education under the 1996 Constitution of South Africa. This was realised through series of policies being introduced since 1994, in compliance with the new constitutional order.
These policy instruments included the White Paper on Education and Training (1995); National Education Policy (1996) and the South African Schools Act (1995). All of them are critical in ensuring that the right to education is realised, as envisaged in section 29 (1) of the Constitution, especially for the Black and African majority.LL. M.Public, Constitutional, and International La
Vatsonga Cultural Practices and their Impact on the Health of Widows and Significant Others
No full textThis paper presents the Vatsonga cultural practices regarding widowhood and how those practices impact personal health. The purpose of the study was to gain an in-depth understanding of how the Vatsonga manages widowhood and how those practices affect the management of HIV/AIDS. This ethnographic study was conducted in Bushbuckridge and is grounded in Leininger’s theory of Culture Care Diversity and Universality. Data was
collected from participants using individual face-to-face interviews and observation. In addition, ethnographic content analysis was utilized for data analysis. Results indicate that
there are practices such as widow cleansing and widow inheritance that the Vatsonga people practice following the death of an individual’s husband. These practices impact physical, social, psychological, spiritual, emotional, and economic well-being and affect the bereaved women and the significant others in the community. To address these practices, the authors recommend the application of the process of preservation, accommodation, and re-patterning of practices based on the impact of such practices on health.College of Human Science
Exploring the Total Quality Management (TQM) Practices Application on Employees’ Work-Related Attitudes at an Engineering Company in Secunda South Africa
Get PDFThe study explored Total Quality Management (TQM) practices application on
employees’ work-related attitudes at an engineering company in Secunda South
Africa. The issue of TQM practices application on employee work-related attitudes is
important considering the contribution of these practices towards improving the quality
of products and increasing employees’ morale. A qualitative research approach was
followed in this study. Data were collected from a sample of 9 participants. In this
study, non-probability sampling was used. The sampling technique that was used in
this study is purposive sampling. Semi-structured interviews were used in this study.
Data were collected using online interviews. Thematic analysis was employed for data
analysis.
Regarding the first objective about identifying employees’ perceptions of TQM
practices, the study concluded that TQM practices that affect employees' attitudes are
customer focus, continuous improvement, teamwork and continuous training. The
study identified ISO 9001 quality management system, critical path analysis and
organisational commitment as means of implementing TQM practices in mechanical,
electrical, control and civil engineering project services in the second objective. The
third objective concludes that TQM practices affect job satisfaction, job involvement,
organisational commitment and career satisfaction of employees. The study also
identified the following conditions: top management commitment, quality culture and
communication to influencing the implementation of TQM practices
Early detection and treatment of clubfoot in a rural setting in South Africa
Get PDFClubfoot is one of the most common musculoskeletal congenital disorders and annually
affects around 174 000 babies worldwide. Untreated clubfoot leads to significant
permanent impairment and problems with ambulation, thus presenting a potential public
health dilemma. Clubfoot can however be corrected with a non-surgical method referred
to as the Ponseti method. This gives a child normal, pain free mobility and the potential
to grow up as a productive member of society. Treatment for clubfoot needs to be
implemented as soon as possible after birth of the child to produce the best results and
avoid possible relapse of the clubfoot. Diagnosis and treatment of clubfoot starting at, or
later than three months of age, is regarded as late detection and treatment. The purpose
of this study was to determine the healthcare-seeking behaviour of guardians of children
with clubfoot at or after the age of three months to promote early detection and treatment.
A qualitative study was conducted to explore the reasons for seeking healthcare at
Ponseti clinics for children that were three months or older; and to describe the challenges
that the guardians experienced in seeking healthcare for their children. Data collection
was done through semi-structured interviews at two public sector hospitals in KwaZulu Natal Province.
Two major themes emerged from the study, namely discovering the clubfoot deformity,
and the challenges guardians experienced in seeking healthcare for their children with
clubfoot. There is a lack of knowledge about clubfoot resulting in late detection and
initiation of treatment; and that clubfoot is a treatable condition which can result in the
child leading a normal life if treated with the Ponseti method. Participants attending
antenatal care were not informed by health practitioners of clubfoot being a potential birth defect. In some cases, guardians approached health practitioners early, but were referred
late to a Ponseti clinic. Guardians in the study experienced several challenges when
seeking healthcare for their children, including financial, transport and family responsibility
challenges. They described having a child with clubfoot as an emotionally taxing journey.
Recommendations are made for education, practice, policy, and research. An information
brochure was designed to promote early detection and treatment of clubfoot.M.P.H.Health Studie
Biodegradation of environmental significant inorganics using aerobic bacteria found in Blesbokspruit Wetland, South Africa
Get PDFThe Blesbokspruit wetland is known to be one of the imperative wetlands in Republic of South Africa (RSA), located in region of Ekurhuleni, Gauteng Province. A continuous discharge towards the Blesbokspruit wetland from effluents coming from the nearby Grootvlei mine, paper production company (South African Pulp and Paper Industries) and other anthropogenic activities accompanied with environmental impurities which include cyanide-residues has been witnessed within the wetland. Cyanide compounds depict distinct characteristics depending on chemical bindings with other elements which determines their severity and stability of the compound. Cyanides are either classified as either organic or inorganic cyanides and they are regarded as environmental significant contaminants. Biodegradation processes have proved to be an ideal tool to degrade environmental significant contaminants due to its cost effectiveness, eco-friendly and durability. The environmental significant inorganic placed under study is thiocyanate and its biodegradability using microorganisms isolated from soil, water and sludge within Blesbokspruit wetland. Among the most problematic inorganics found in wetlands are cyanides, particularly thiocyanate, which are toxicophores due to their cyanide content. Studies have shown that cyanides are present in effluents channelled by mining industries, which results in the deterioration of the Blesbokspruit wetland.
Microorganisms were isolated and identified using universal primers 16S-27F and 16S-1492R, targeting 16S rDNA sequence. Indicator plate technique was applied in order to detect microorganisms with thiocyanate biodegradation capabilities, where phenol red aided as an indicator to distinguish microorganisms that can degrade thiocyanate by observing a colour change from red to pink. Later, thiocyanate degrading isolates and mixed culture were inoculated in minimal media without addition of a carbon or nitrogen source and 1/10th minimal medium containing a 24-hour starved culture was further inoculated in batch conical flasks containing minimal media with thiocyanate (SCN) either 150 mg SCN-/L or 250 mg SCN-/L. The sampling intervals were done every 24 hour-interval for a duration of 5 days, whereby the absorbance of microbial growth was measured at 600 nm and ammonium-nitrogen was measured with use of Merck Spectroquant Pharo 300.
The results have shown that only few bacterial isolates were more effective compared to the bacterial consortium with regards to biodegrading thiocyanate, whereas the highest biological thiocyanate removal efficiency achieved in this study was 97.44 % and 95.71 % under 150 mg SCN-/L and 250 mg SCN-/L by Exiguobacterium sp., respectively. Most of bacterial isolates gave less biological thiocyanate removal efficiency as compared to bacterial consortium which was dominantly comprised by Pseudomonas sp. It was concluded that aerobic bacteria obtained at the Blesbokspruit wetland were capable of biodegrading thiocyanate which is deemed as an environmental significant inorganic. The greater concentration amounts of thiocyanate, most bacteria seemed to be susceptible to exposure, although few bacteria exhibited some form of resistance to some extent. Most of these bacteria were able nitrify the available ammonium-nitrogen.M. Eng. (Chemical Engineering)Civil and Chemical Engineerin
The interplay between the rule of law, substantive equality and affirmative action in employment and higher education : an international perspective
No full textAffirmative action in South Africa has been the subject of much debate about redressing past discriminatory injustices and achieving a more equal and just society. This has been particularly relevant to achieving equality for women and persons with disabilities, who have been subjected to societal segregation and discrimination in the workplace and educational institutions. The purpose of this thesis is therefore to examine critically the nature, purpose and implementation of affirmative action in the context of employment and education that is underpinned by the rule of law and the constitutional right to equality. It is argued that affirmative action aimed at redressing past injustices and dealing with ongoing discrimination and inequality is supported and justified by a substantive approach to the rule of law and equality under the Constitution. In examining affirmative action with respect to women and persons with disabilities in employment and education specifically, this thesis has focused on three jurisdictions: South Africa, Malaysia and the United States. All three jurisdictions provide key insights into the nature and development of affirmative action. To this end, the thesis has examined the development and application of affirmative action from a constitutional and an international law perspective, and with respect to the most relevant employment and education legislation. The key themes that emerge from this research, and which respond to the research questions and aims, relate to the historical contexts from which affirmative action developed, the international human rights framework adopted, or its lack of adoption, to protect the rights of women and persons with disabilities, the promotion of equality within a constitutional framework and whether affirmative action has indeed become an enduring principle of law rather than a temporary measure. The conclusion reached is that while society has taken important steps to promote equal opportunities for women and persons with disabilities in the workplace and educational institutions, barriers to attaining equality and non-discrimination continue to exist. There is therefore an ongoing need to adopt and implement special measures that contribute positively to the removal of barriers to equal of opportunity and non-discrimination and enable their attainment.Regstellende aksie in Suid-Afrika is die onderwerp van baie debat oor die regstelling van diskriminerende ongeregtighede in die verlede en die bereiking van 'n meer gelyke en regverdige samelewing. Dit was veral relevant vir die bereiking van gelykheid vir vroue en persone met gestremdhede wat onderwerp is aan sosiale segregasie en diskriminasie in die werkplek en opvoedkundige instellings. Die doel van hierdie tesis is dus om die aard, doel en implementering van regstellende aksie krities te ondersoek in die konteks van indiensneming en onderwys wat ondersteun word deur die oppergesag van die reg en die grondwetlike reg op gelykheid. Daar word aangevoer dat regstellende aksie wat daarop gemik is om vorige ongeregtighede reg te stel en om voortdurende diskriminasie en ongelykheid aan te spreek, ondersteun en geregverdig word deur 'n substantiewe benadering tot die oppergesag van die reg en gelykheid kragtens die Grondwet. In die ondersoek van regstellende aksie spesifiek met betrekking tot vrouens en persone met gestremdhede in indiensneming en onderwys, het hierdie tesis gefokus op drie jurisdiksies: Suid-Afrika, Maleisië en die Verenigde State. Al drie jurisdiksies bied belangrike insigte in die aard en ontwikkeling van regstellende aksie. Vir hierdie doel het die tesis die ontwikkeling en toepassing van regstellende aksie vanuit ’n grondwetlike en ’n internasionale regsperspektief ondersoek, en met betrekking tot die mees relevante indiensnemings- en onderwyswetgewing. Die belangrikste temas wat uit hierdie navorsing na vore kom, en wat die navorsingsvrae en -doelwitte aanspreek, hou verband met die historiese kontekste waaruit regstellende aksie ontwikkel het, die internasionale menseregteraamwerk wat aangeneem is, of die gebrek aan aanneming daarvan, om die regte van vroue en persone met gestremdhede te beskerm, die bevordering van gelykheid binne ’n grondwetlike raamwerk en of regstellende aksie inderdaad ’n blywende regsbeginsel geword het eerder as ’n tydelike maatreël. Die gevolgtrekking waartoe daar gekom is, is dat hoewel die samelewing belangrike stappe gedoen het om gelyke geleenthede vir vroue en persone met gestremdhede in die werkplek en opvoedkundige instellings te bevorder, hindernisse tot die bereiking van gelykheid en nie-diskriminasie steeds bestaan. Daar is dus 'n voortdurende behoefte om spesiale maatreëls aan te neem en te implementeer wat positief bydra tot die verwydering van die hindernisse tot gelyke geleenthede en nie-diskriminasie, en die bereiking daarvan moontlik maak.Mercantile La
The mediating role of lecturer biographic factors on curriculum implementation in universities
No full textThe study presented in this article investigated the influence of lecturer biographic
factors on curriculum implementation in universities in Botswana. Over the last two
decades, Botswana has been transforming its education system to improve curriculum
implementation in universities, particularly in terms of who should be allowed
to teach and the qualification level of students they should instruct. A mixed-methods
research approach that employed a structured questionnaire and semi-structured
interviews was used to collect data from 306 lecturers and 25 academic middle
managers (AMMs) respectively. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to
validate the questionnaire and expert opinion validated the interview guide. To
analyse the resulting quantitative data, multiple regression analysis and descriptive
statistics were used, while thematic analysis was employed for the qualitative
data. Findings showed that lecturers’ educational level, age and teaching experience
have a significant influence on effective implementation of curricula in universities,
while gender has no significant influence. These results have implications for both
policy and practice with regard to lecturer recruitment and curriculum implementation
in universities.Curriculum and Instructional Studie
The impact of climate change on hydropower generation: a case study of Ghana's Akosombo Dam
Get PDFClimate change has become one of the biggest challenges confronting the world’s economic, social and
environmental development efforts today. Responses to these challenges normally fall into two broad
categories, namely adaptation and mitigation. Drying lakes, dams, rivers, flooding and sea level rises are
some of the climate change induced threats facing humanity and their communities. Typically associated
with dams is the reduction in the water level due to an increase in temperature. This is affecting energy
generation, particularly within the realm of hydropower facilities. It is against this background that this study
investigated both the potential and present threats of climate change to hydropower generation using
Ghana’s hydropower facilities through a case study of the Akosombo Dam.
In achieving this, the study set out four research objectives. To achieve the four research objectives, the
study adopted sound scientific approaches including the use of a mixed-method approach to gather both
qualitative and quantitative data from five government organisations and some community members living
within the Akosombo Dam catchment area. The data were gathered through administering questionnaires,
interviews and field observations. The data included both primary and secondary data which were
subjected through sound statistical analysis using advanced Excel and “R”.
As part of the findings, the research identified the challenge of a “knowledge gap” in climate change related
issues amongst significant members of the community. A statistical analysis of the climate data indicated
increasing temperature and sporadic rainfall patterns within the vicinity of the Akosombo Dam and its
surrounding areas. The data also revealed that there are institutional climate change policies developed
by the managers of the Akosombo Dam to manage the Dam and national climate change. These
environmental related policies are aimed towards the management of climate change in Ghana. As part of
the recommendations, the study recommended that Ghana’s climate change policies should be revised to
be attuned to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals in the tackle against climate change
which is aimed to be achieved by the year 2030
To enhance the management of hydropower, the study proposed the use of three novel comprehensive
conceptual climate change management adaptation frameworks namely: integration and coordination
network framework, adaptation framework of interaction and adaptation framework of outcomes. The study
recommended the Volta River Authority to have its own climate change policy and in addition adopt the
three novel climate change management adaptation frameworks to manage the Akosombo Dam in the
current wave of the climate change effects.Ph. D. (Environmental Management)Environmental Science
An exploratory study of customer centricity perceived by customers of South African sort-term insurance organisations
Get PDFSouth African legislation requires insurance organisations (insurers) to adopt a ‘market conduct’ focus in their businesses and to adhere to the principles of Treating Customers Fairly to ensure they consider customers throughout the customer-product lifecycle. Current literature shows that organisations that adopt customer-centric strategies outperform their less customer-centric rivals across industries, reaping the rewards of increased customer loyalty and retention, and utilising customer lifetime value to maximise customer revenue and profits. Accordingly, this study aimed to determine the customer centricity displayed by South African short-term insurers as perceived by their customers, and the effects of adopting a customer-centric organisational focus. Research participants completed an anonymous, self-administered online questionnaire that focused on 21 insurer business functions (metrics). The research findings indicated that insurers display a high degree of customer centricity within these metrics, and insurers’ performance will influence respondents’ willingness to insure new assets and retain their current policies. However, respondents indicated that improvements in all metrics were necessary.M. Com. (Business Management)Business Managemen
Leading towards voice and innovation: the role of psychological contract
Get PDFAbstract in English with Afrikaans and Zulu translationsBackground: Empirical evidence generally suggests that psychological contract breach (PCB) leads to negative outcomes – such as withholding of discretionary activities, including employee voice (EV) and innovative work behaviour (IWB). However, some literature argues that, occasionally, PCB leads to positive outcomes.
Aim: This research aims to empirically determine under which conditions these positive outcomes occur, focusing on the type of psychological contract (PC), PCB, and how leadership styles influence EV and IWB. To structure the research, a complex, theory-based model was developed and tested for validity.
Setting: The study was conducted in South Africa, targeting employees in medium-to-large
organisations.
Method: A cross-sectional survey design was adopted, whereby respondents completed reputable questionnaires on PC, PCB, EV, IWB, and leadership styles. Correlation analyses were used to test direct links within the model, while regression analyses were used to test for the moderation effects.
Leadership styles were the main moderators.
Results: Data were collected from 11 organisations (N=620). All instruments showed acceptable psychometric properties. The results revealed that PCB does not lead to substantial changes in IWB. PCB correlated positively with prohibitive EV, but did not influence promotive EV, which was a significant driver of IWB. Leadership styles were weak predictors of EV and IWB, and the PCB-EV relationship was, only in one case, partially moderated by leadership styles.
Conclusion: PCB is not a significant predictor of IWB, but was found to elicit prohibitive EV. The assumption of leadership styles influencing the relationships between PCB and EV or IWB was not supported. Contrary to expectation, leadership styles partially influenced the relationships between variables, and not in a manner that would positively influence IWB.
Recommendations: This research revealed negative effects of PCB on discretionary behaviours, hence, managers are advised to focus on fulfilment of PC. As promotive EV predicts IWB, it should be encouraged. Lastly, with the impact of leadership styles on model variables having been found to be minimal, it is clear that other explanations for positive PCB-IWB relations need to be explored.
Contributions: This thesis sheds light on the relative importance of leadership as an enabler of IWB under conditions of PCB, which was not significant. The study also contributes to the body of knowledge on the effects of multidimensional PCB and EV, and particularly the relative importance of promotive EV driving IWB. The thesis also fills gaps in existing theory explaining the PCB-IWB link.Agtergrond: Empiriese bewyse dui oor die algemeen daarop dat sielkundige kontrakbreuk (SKb) tot
negatiewe uitkomste lei, wat diskresionêre aktiwiteite soos werknemerstem (Ws) en innoverende
werkgedrag (IW) insluit. Sommige literatuur gee egter te kenne dat SKb wel soms positiewe uitkomste
tot gevolg het.
Oogmerk: Hierdie navorsing het ten doel gehad om empiries te bepaal onder watter omstandighede
hierdie positiewe uitkomste voorkom, met die fokus op die tipe sielkundige kontrak (SK), SKb en hoe
leierskapstyle Ws en IW beïnvloed. Om die navorsing te struktureer is ’n komplekse, teoriegebaseerde
model ontwikkel en stapsgewys vir geldigheid getoets.
Milieu: Die studie is in Suid-Afrika uitgevoer en daar is op werknemers in medium-tot-groot organisasies
as teikengroep gekonsentreer.
Metode: ’n Deursnee-opname-ontwerp is gebruik, en respondente het vraelyste oor SK, SKb, Ws, IW
en leierskapstyle voltooi. Korrelasie-ontledings is gebruik om direkte skakels binne die model te toets,
terwyl regressieontledings aangewend is om te toets vir die modererrings effek van die onderskeie
leierskapstyle.
Resultate: Data van 11 organisasies is ingesamel (N = 620). Alle instrumente het aanvaarbare
psigometriese eienskappe getoon. Die resultate het aangedui dat SKb nie tot wesenlike veranderinge
in IW lei nie. SKb korreleer positief met afbrekende Ws, maar beïnvloed nie bevorderende Ws (wat ’n
wesenlike aandrywer van IW is) nie. Leierskapstyle is swak voorspellers van Ws en IW, en die SKb Ws-verhouding was, in net een geval, gedeeltelik deur leierskapstyle gemodireer.
Gevolgtrekking: SKb is nie ’n wesenlike aandrywer van IW nie, maar daar is bevind dat dit wel
afbrekende Ws teweegbring. Die veronderstelling oor leierskapstyle wat die verhoudings tussen SKb
en Ws of IW beïnvloed, word nie gestaaf nie. Teen die verwagting in, word die verhoudings tussen
veranderlikes gedeeltelik deur leierskapstyle beïnvloed – en nie op ’n manier wat IW positief sal
beïnvloed nie.
Aanbevelings: Hierdie navorsing onthul negatiewe uitwerkings van SKb op diskresionêre gedrag en
bestuurders word dus aangeraai om op die vervulling van SK te fokus. Aangesien bevorderende Ws
IW voorspel, behoort dit aangemoedig te word. Laastens, in die lig van die bevinding dat die impak van
leierskapstyle op modelveranderlikes minimaal is, is dit duidelik dat ander verduidelikings vir positiewe
PKb-IW-verbande ondersoek moet word.
Bydraes: Hierdie studie werp lig op die relatiewe belangrikheid van leierskap as ’n instaatsteller van
IW onder omstandighede van SKb, wat nie beduidend is nie. Die studie dra ook by tot die kenniskorpus
oor die uitwerkings van multidimensionele SKb en Ws, en in die besonder die relatiewe belangrikheid
van bevorderende Ws wat IW aandryf. Die studie oorbrug ook die leemtes in bestaande teorie wat die
SKb-IW-skakel verduidelik.Isendlalela: Ulwazi olutholwa ngokuhlolwa ngokuvamile luphakamisa ukuthi ukwephulwa
kwenkontileka yengqondo (PCB) kuholela emiphumeleni engemihle - njengokugodla imisebenzi
yokuzikhethela, okuhlanganisa izwi lesisebenzi (EV) kanye nokuziphatha komsebenzi okusha (IWB).
Nokho, eminye imibhalo ithi, ngezikhathi ezithile, i-PCB iholela emiphumeleni emihle.
Inhloso: Lolu cwaningo luhlose ukucacisa ngokuqina ukuthi le miphumela emihle iba ngaphansi
kwaziphi izimo, lugxile ohlotsheni lwenkontileka yengqondo (PC), i-PCB nokuthi ubuholi buyithonya
kanjani i-EV ne-IWB. Ukuhlela ucwaningo, isifanekiso eyinkimbinkimbi, esisekwe umbono sasungulwa
futhi sahlolelwa ukuba semthethweni.
Isizinda: Lolu cwaningo lwenziwe eNingizimu Afrika, luqondiswe kubasebenzi abasezinhlanganweni
eziphakathi nendawo kuya kwezinkulu.
Indlela: ucwaningo lokuqoqa imininingwane ebantwini abaningi abahlukene lwemukelwa, futhi
abaphendulayo bagcwalise uhlu lwemibuzo oluthembekile ku-PC, PCB, EV, IWB kanye nezitayela
zobuholi. Ukuhlaziya kokuhlobana kusetshenzisiwe ukuhlola izixhumanisi eziqondile ngaphakathi
kwesifanekiso, kuyilapho ukuhlaziya kokuhlehla kwasetshenziselwa ukuhlola imiphumela
yokulinganisela. Izitayela zobuholi bekungabomengameli abakhulu.
Imiphumela: Imininingwane iqoqwe ezinhlanganweni eziyi-11 (N = 620). Wonke amathuluzi abonise
izakhiwo ezamukelekayo zesilinganiso sezici zengqondo, amakhono, nezinqubo. Imiphumela yembula
ukuthi i-PCB ayiholeli ezinguqukweni ezinkulu ku-IWB. I-PCB ihlobana kahle ne-EV evimbelayo, kodwa
ayithinti i-EV yokuthuthukisa, ewumqhubi obalulekile we-IWB. Izitayela zobuholi ziyizibikezelo
ezibuthakathaka ze-EV ne-IWB, futhi ubudlelwano be-PCB-EV, esimweni esisodwa, bebunganyelwe
ngokwengxenye izitayela zobuholi.
Isiphetho: I-PCB ayisona isibikezelo esibalulekile se-IWB, kodwa kutholwe ukuthi yenze i-EV
evimbelayo. Ukucatshangwa kwezitayela zobuholi ezithonya ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-PCB ne-EV
noma i-IWB akusekelwe. Ngokuphambene nalokho okulindelekile, izitayela zobuholi zithonya kancane
ubudlelwano phakathi kwezinto eziguquguqukayo, hhayi ngendlela engaba nomthelela omuhle ku-IWB.
Iziphakamiso: Lolu cwaningo luveza imiphumela engemihle ye-PCB ekuziphatheni kokuzikhethela;
ngakho-ke abaphathi bayelulekwa ukuthi bagxile ekugcwalisekeni kwe-PC. Njengoba i-EV
ekhuthazayo ibikezela i-IWB, kufanele ikhuthazwe. Okokugcina, ngomthelela wezitayela zobuholi
ekuguquguqukeni kwesilinganiso okutholwe kukuncane, kuyacaca ukuthi ezinye izincazelo
zobudlelwano obuhle be-PCB-IWB zidinga ukucutshungulwa.
Iminikelo: Lolu cwaningo lunikeza ukukhanya ngokubaluleka okuhlobene kobuholi njengokwenza i-IWB
isebenze ngaphansi kwezimo ze-PCB, ezingabalulekile. Lolu cwaningo luphinde lufake isandla
emzimbeni wolwazi emiphumeleni ye-PCB ne-EV ehlukahlukene, futhi ikakhulukazi ukubaluleka
okuhlobene kokuthuthukisa i-EV ukuqhuba i-IWB. Ucwaningo luphinde lugcwalise izikhala kumbono
okhona ochaza isixhumanisi se-PCB-IWB.D.B.L.Business Managemen