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The role of trauma in the persistence of anger : a qualitative exploration
Get PDFThe research motivated the fact that anger following a trauma, tends to be self-directed and influences social, physical and relational interaction. The implications of this anger on the individual has far reaching consequences for the victims sense of self, relationships, work and social functioning and needed to be explored. Therefore the goal of the research was to explore the persistence of anger after trauma and the factors that influenced it.
Using purposeful and snowball sampling and multiple case study approach, as termed by (Terre Blanche, Durrheim, & Painter, 2006), allowed the selection of eight information-rich conversations for the research on anger. To accomplish this objective, a social constructionist framework and in-depth conversations to collect data to explore recurring themes was used. This meant that the structure of the interview-conversation was a conversation rather than a formal interview to collect data using unstructured question to probe the trauma in the participant’s lives to reveal how anger influenced their anger after trauma (Babbie, 2005; Papaikonomou & Engelbrecht, 2018; Stanton, 2005; Terre Blanche et al., 2006).
By using an unstructured conversation in this inquiry into anger after trauma fitted the research methodology from a qualitative research approach that allowed particular and personal insight into the meanings given by the participants to their trauma and anger. Furthermore, it accepted the importance of the participants being the experts on their own anger experience, with no intention of generalising the information obtained to a bigger population of trauma survivors (Babbie, 2005).D. Psych. (Human Sciences)Psycholog
Exploring ethics risk in South Africa’s artificial intelligence industry: towards a risk governance framework
No full textAbstract in English with Xhosa and Northern Sotho translationsThe ubiquitous and swift growth of artificial intelligence (AI) coupled with the nature of the technology raises ethical risks for enterprises and for their stakeholders. Artificial intelligence's ethical risks are unlikely to be uniform across or within societies. The literature on AI ethics is, however, dominated by a universalistic, Global North outlook. This exploratory study aims to add to the discourse by providing a Global South perspective: examining domain-specific AI ethics risks in South African industry from an ethics risk governance perspective. The study uses an inductive, qualitative methodology to explore industry practitioners and related experts' views and approaches to AI ethics. A novel research instrument was used, and data was collected through semi-structured interviews. The data was thematically analysed, and several salient themes identified. Theoretically, the study relates AI ethics to business ethics, ethics risk governance, and the King Code. Empirically, the study provides a multi-level (universal, country, and industry) view of AI ethics risks, and identifies relevant external and internal industry governance factors. It maps the prevailing AI ethics management practice in South Africa, which is found to be informal and ad hoc, albeit with nascent signs of a more structured, tailored approach. It also compares the South African findings to that of the dominant Global North literature. The study proposes a South African-centric, high-level conceptual framework for AI ethics risk governance, which can be contextually adapted for wider relevance. The study makes policy recommendations to industry and government to control, govern, and manage AI ethics risks.Ubulelesi bokwetjiwa kwegezi sebufikelele eengcenyeni zokusabisa ivikeleko lelizwe loke enarheni, ngeragelo phambili lobunengi bezinto ezilotjwa yinarha emnothweni nemphakathini wokana. Ngokufanako nobunye ubulelesi, ubufakazi bomthetho namanye amahlangothi abufakazi akhona ekuqalaneni nobulelesi bokwetjiwa kwegezi. Yeke, ngaphandle kwalokha igezi ihlangabezana neendingo zama elemende namkha amatshwayo wobulelesi, ukuba semthethweni kuyindaba yepikiswano ngaphakathi kwephiko lezomthetho, elirhagaliswa kungabi khona komthetho ohlathulula tjhatjhalazi nokhandela ubulelesi bokwetjiwa kwegezi. Kuzwisa ubuhlungu ukubona bonyana iSewula Afrika ayinawo umthetho onqophileko wokulungisa ubulelesi bokwetjiwa kwegezi begodu iyame kweminye imithetho efana ne-Matters Amendment Act (CMAA) (oyinomboro. 18 wee-2015) kunye nomthetho i Prevention of Organised Crime Act (POCA) (oyinomboro 121 wee-1998). Kungebanga lesendlalelo esivezwa ngehla ukobana umnqopho werhubhululweli kube kuhlola nokuthola ubukhulu bokusetjenziswa ngokwaneleko kwemithetho yeSewula Afrika elawula ubulelesi engasiza ngakhona ekukhandeleni ubulelesi bokwetjiwa kwegezi, kunokobana iyame kubunjiniyera bethekhnoloji bubodwa ekukateleleni ukwenza izinto ngokufaneleko. Isiyingi seMopani esiFundeni seLimpopo, eSewula Afrika sikhethwe njengendawo eqakathekileko yerhubhululo ngesimanga samanani aphezulu khulu wezehlakalo zobulelesi bokwetjiwa kwegezi eburekhodwe mbiko i Eskom’s Customer Care & Interaction report, isiyingesi sibe nemilandu ezii-12 521 phakathi komnyaka wee-2013 newee-2017. Isikhathi, amahlelo neminye imibandela yeensetjenziswa kwenze ukobana sibhalelwe kunqopha eeyingini ezihlanu zesiFunda seLimpopo. Isifundo serhubhululo esikhwalikhethivesi samukele indlela yedizayini yerhubhululo elenzeka ngesikhathi sinye ngokulinganisana lifake kokubili amatshwayo ahlathululako ukuze likghone ukuhlola nokuhlathulula amanye amaphuzu ahlukahlukeneko aqedana amandla ngobuqiniso bobulelesi bokwetjiwa kwegezi. Ngaphandle komhlobo wobukhwalithethivu besifundo serhubhululwesi, amaphuzu akhwanthithethivu nawo afakiwe ukuhlathulula, ukuhlaziya nokutjhugulula idatha efunekako ngokwendlela yokuhlunga engakahleleki ngokupheleleko nabasebenzi be- vii Eskom, nabafokisi be-SAPS, abatjhutjhisi be-NPA kanye nabadosiphambili bomphakathi abakholwa bona banelwazi ngeendaba zobulelesi bokwetjiwa kwegezi. Lemihlobo yabahlanganyeli yenze ukobana umrhubhululi akghone kuhle ukuhlola, ukuhlathulula, begodu nokuhlaziya umhlobo nobukhulu bobulelesi bokwetjiwa kwegezi; ukuqunta nokuhlola ukuhlathululwa kobulelesi bokwetjiwa kwegezi ngokukhambisana nemithetho elawula ubulelesi; ukuhlola iindlela ezihlukeneko zokubika, zokuphenya nokuthuthukisa iindlela ezibonakalako zokukhandela ubulelesi bokwetjiwa kwegezi ngepumelelo ngokusebenzisa imithetho elawula ubulelesi eSewula Afrika. Idatha ehlaziya imimongo neenhlathululo zasetjenziswa ukukghonakalisa ukuhlanganisa ilwazi elitholakele kilelirhubhululo elivezwe ngehla ngemikhakha eminengi yeembonelo. Ikambiso le ikghonakalise ukuzwisisa kuhle komrhubhululi nendlela ubulelesi bokwetjiwa kwegezi obenziwa ngakhona, kunye nokuthuthukiswa kwendlela yokuzwisisa etholakele kumiphumela. Isifundo serhubhululo sithole bona igezi iqakathekile kodwana imqondo namkha iligama elihlangahlangeneko ukobana umuntu alizwisise ngesimanga samaphuzu afana nerhwebo, elinzinze eragelweni phambili lokuyithumela mayelana nokuthuthukisa umphakathi. Yeke, ukuphumelela kokusabalalisa igezi kusatjiswa bulelesi bokwetjiwa kwegezi njengenye into engasikho ukulotjwa kobutekhniki. Isifundo sithole godu nokobana ‘ukudlulisa’ bekulihlangothi elifaneleko lobulelesi bokwetjiwa kwegezi ngombana kusukela emicabangweni yomuntu nokwephulwa mayelana nokusetjenziswa kwayo. Okhunye godu irhubhululo lithole bona, hlangana nokhunye kube khona ukubonakala kokungabikwa kobulelesi bokwetjiwa kwegezi, nalokha abantu balemukiswa kizo zoke iindawo ngokubonakala kunobulelesi obunje. Okhunye godu, kutholakele bona ukudisibezwa kweensetjenziswa zegezi ye-Eskom kwaphungulwa kusetjenziswa kwezinye iindlela ezihlukahlukeneko zobutekhini, ezifana nokucima ukusabalaliswa kwegezi ngeenkhathi ezithileko eendaweni ezivane zitjengise ukuzifakela igezi ngokungasisemthethweni. Yeke, iimbopho zamakontraga nezobutekhniki hlangana nemisebenzi nabanye babathengi hlangana neendawo ezidisibezwa khulu zingakhandlela ukuphungulwa komthwalo wokudisibezeka ngokusebenziseka. viii Isitjhukumiso esikhulu esiqakathekileko serhubhululo sinzinze kusidingo sokuhlola ikghonakalo yokuhlangana kokutjhutjhiswa kwangeqadi njengeqhinga lokulungisa izehlakalo zobulelesi bokwetjiwa kwegezi, kufakwe hlangana ukukghoneka nobudisi obukhambisana nokutjhutjhiswa komphakathi emilandwini yokwetjiwa kwegezi.Bohodu bja mohlagase bo fihlile maemong a tšhošetšo ya tšhireletšo ya naga ka mo nageng, fao go tšwelago pele go ba le ditahlegelo tša go se balege go ekonomi le go setšhaba ka bophara. Go swana le bosenyi bjo bongwe, molao wa bohlatse le dilo tše dingwe tše di fago bohlatse di a šomišwa go lwantšha bohodu bja mohlagase. Le ge go le bjale, ka ntle le gore bohodu bja mohlagase bo sepelelana le dikarolo tša bosenyi, go amogela ke molao gore bohodu bja mohlagase ga go molaong e sa le tabakgolo ya dithulano ka lefapheng la molao, gomme se se hlohleletšwa ke go hlokega ga molao wo o ngwadilwego wo o hlalošago ka botlalo le go iletša bosenyi bja bohodu bja mohlagase. Ke tlhobaboroko gore Afrika Borwa ga e na le melao ye itšego go rarolla bothata bja bohodu bja mohlagase ebile e botile melao ye mengwe ya go swana le Molaophetošwa wa Merero ya Bosenyi (CMAA) (wa Nomoro ya bo 18 wa 2015) le Molao wa Thibelo ya Bosenyi bjo bo Rulaganšwego (POCA) (wa Nomoro ya bo 121 wa 1998). Ke ka lebaka la tshedimošo ye e filwego ka mo godimo fao e lego gore maikemišetšo a dinyakišišo tše e bile go utolla le go tseba bogolo bjo ka bjona tirišo ya maleba ya melao ya Afrika Borwa ye e laolago bosenyi e ka thušago go lwantšha bohodu bja mohlagase, sebakeng sa go tshepa theknolotši ya boentšeneere e nnoši go gapeletša go obamela molao. Selete sa Mopani sa Phrobentshe ya Limpopo, ka Afrika Borwa se kgethilwe bjalo ka lekala la nepišo ya motheo la dinyakišišo tše ka lebaka la palo ya lona ya godimo kudu ya ditiragalo tša bohodu bja mohlagase bjo bo begilwego ke ix Lekala la Tlhokomelo ya Badiriši la Eskom le pego ya Ditherišano le setšhaba, leo le nago le melao ye 12 521 magareng ga ngwaga wa 2013 le wa 2017. Nako, dikgokagano, le mellwane ye mengwe methopo e dirile gore go se kgonagale go nepiša dilete ka moka tše hlano tša ka Phrobentsheng ya Limpopo. Dinyakišišo tše tša boleng di dirišitše mokgwa wa dinyakišišo wa go kgoboketša tshedimošo ya boleng le ya bontši ka nako e tee yeo e akaretšago bobedi dikarolo tša tekodišišo le tša tlhalošo ka nepo ya go lekola le go hlaloša dikokwane tša mehutahuta tša seemo sa tlhobaboroko sa bohodu bja mohlagase. Ka ntle le gore dinyakišišo ke tša sebopego sa boleng, qdintlha tša bontši le tšona di tsentšwe go hlaloša, go sekaseka le go hlatholla tshedimošo ye e hweditšwego ka go diriša dipoledišano tša go nyaka diphetolo tša go fa mabaka le bašomi ba Eskom, baemedi ba Tirelo ya Maphodisa ya Afrika Borwa (SAPS), basekiši ba NPA le baetapele ba setšhaba bao go dumelwago gore ba na le tsebo ka mererong ya bohodu bja mohlagase. Mehutahuta ye ya bakgathatema e kgontšhitše monyakišiši go lekola ka ntle le go tšea lehlakore, go hlaloša, le go sekaseka bogolo bja bohodu bja mohlagase; go realo e le go tseba le go sekaseka tlhathollo ya bohodu bja mohlagase ge go bapetšwa le melao ye e laolago bosenyi; go lekola seemo sa go bega bosenyi, go nyakišiša le go sekiša basenyi bao ba dirago bohodu bja mohlagase; e le go tseba le go sekaseka ditiro tša bjale tša go lwantšha bohodu bja mohlagase ka dihlongwa tša go aba mohlagase; le go tseba le go hloma magato ao a kwagalago a go lwantšha bohodu bja mohlagase ka katlego ka go diriša melao ye e laolago bosenyi ka Afrika Borwa. Tshekatsheko ya tshedimošo go ya ka merero e dirišitšwe go nolofatša kopanyo ya tshedimošo ye e hweditšwego go tšwa go magoro a disampole tše ntši a dinyakišišo. Tshepedišo ye e kgontšhitše gore monyakišiši a kwešiše le go diriša lesolo la twantšho ya ‘bohodu bja mohlagase’, gammogo le go hlama mokgwakgopodišišo wo o tšweletšego go dikutollo. Dinyakišišo di hweditše gore mohlagase ke selo se bohlokwa eupša seo se hlakahlakanego go ka se kwešiša ka lebaka la mabaka a boima a go swana le go o rekiša, e lego seo se theilwego go kabo ye e tšwelago pele go hlabolla setšhaba. Le ge go le bjale, tirišo ya go tšwela pele go ya go ile ya kabo ya mohlagase e tšhošetšwa ke bohodu bja mohlagase bjalo ka ye nngwe ya ditahlegelo tše e sego tša sethekniki. x Dinyakišišo di hweditše gore ‘maitshwaro’ e bile selo sa maleba seo se bakago bohodu bja mohlagase ka ge bo hlokwa ke dikgopolo tša batho le maikemišetšo a go bo dira. Dinyakišišo di tšwetše pele go hwetša gore, gareng ga tše dingwe, go na le go bega ditiro tša bohodu bja mohlagase ka fao go sa lekanego, ka ntle le temogo ye e phatlaletšego ya go tlala ga bosenyi bjo. Godimo ga fao, go hweditšwe gore go imelwa ga didirišwa tša go fehla mohlagase tša Eskom go bakilwe ke tšhomišo ya mekgwa ya mehutahuta ya sethekniki, go swana le go tima kabo ya mohlagase ka dinako tše di fapafapanego ka mafelong ao a tletšego ka tšhošetšo ye kgolo kudu ya dikgokaganyo tša mohlagase tše di sego molaong. Le ge go le bjale, ditlamego tša dikonteraka le tša sethekniki magareng
ga baabi ba mohlagase le badiriši ka mafelong ao a imelwago ke tšhomišo ya mohlagase di ka iletša go wešwa ga mohlagase ka maikemišetšo ka baabi ba mohlagase. Tšhišinyokgolo ya dinyakišišo e mabapi le tlhokego ya go lekola kgonagalo ya kopanyo ya bosekiši bja phraebete bjalo ka leano la go rarolla ditiragalo tša bohodu bja mohlagase, go akaretšwa kgonagalo le go hlakahlakana fao go amanago le bosekiši bja setšhaba ka melatong ya bohodu bja mohlagase.D.B.L. (Business Leadership)College of Graduate Studie
An integrated quality management system as a tool to enhance education in the Capricorn District, Limpopo Province
Get PDFThe South African education system has been changing its curriculum for decades in a quest to improve teaching and learning in both public and independent schools. Regardless of the alterations in curriculum, educators require intrinsic and extrinsic motivation to improve the quality of their teaching. Programmes such as the Integrated Quality Management System (IQMS) were put in place to evaluate educators‟ methodologies, and motivate and support them through learning and teaching. The IQMS has paved the way to capacitate educators, open opportunities for their advancement, and motivate them to further their studies to upgrade their professional development.
This study sought principals‟ and educators‟ perspectives in respect of the IQMS as a framework with the mandate to bring change in schools by assessing the overall effectiveness of schools, empowering and developing school principals and educators, offering support to educators according to their needs, and evaluating their performance. The aim of the study was to establish whether the IQMS has made an improvement in schools since its inception in 2005. A qualitative approach was adopted wherein data were triangulated using focus group discussions and interviews. Two schools from Capricorn North district and three schools from Capricorn South district took part in the study. The findings revealed that support from the district was insufficient. Some educators would partake in the IQMS process for the sake of implementation and not necessarily follow all the correct procedures; other educators failed to see the need for classroom observation, although self-evaluation scores are not accurate. Based on the above findings, the study recommends that the district should ensure it has sufficient human resources to work closely with schools that experience challenges and to facilitate the IQMS programme. Newly appointed educators should be workshopped for them to deal with the programme easily.M. Ed. (Education Management)Educational Leadership and Managemen
Does foreign direct investment spur economic growth? New empirical evidence from Sub-Saharan African countries
No full textIn this study we re-examine the relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI) and economic growth in 27 sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries during the period 1990–2019. Unlike some previous studies, we clustered SSA countries into two groups, namely low-income and middle-income countries. We also employed three panel data techniques in a stepwise fashion, namely the dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS), the fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS), and heterogeneous Granger non-causality approaches. Our results show that while the positive impact of FDI on economic growth is supported by both DOLS and FMOLS techniques in low-income countries, in middle-income countries only the DOLS technique supports this finding. This shows that the impact of FDI may be sensitive to the level of income of the recipient country. Overall, the results show that FDI inflows play a larger role in stimulating economic growth in low-income SSA countries than in middle-income SSA countries. These findings are also corroborated by heterogeneous Granger non-causality results. However, these findings are not surprising, given that many low-income countries tend to be more dependent on inward FDI inflows to stimulate their economic growth than middle-income countries. Policy recommendations are discussed.Colleges of Economic and Management Science
Building hope for a greener future: celebrating progress in advanced oxidation processes
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Code-switching in Grades 4-7 English second language classrooms : a study of three primary schools in Namibia
No full textThis study explores classroom language practices of English Second Language (ESL) teachers in three primary schools in the Oshana Educational Region of Namibia; one urban school and two rural schools. This qualitative study aimed to investigate the factors that induced the practice of code-switching as well as the teachers’ perceptions of code-switching in their classrooms. The study’s theoretical framework was drawn from Myers-Scotton’s (1993) Markedness Model to describe the role and functions of code-switching in ESL classrooms. The methods used for data collection were teachers’ private interviews, non-participant classroom observations and teachers’ focus group discussions.
The findings from this study indicate that the ESL teachers in the Oshana region are intentional in their code-switching practices. Furthermore, it emerged that the ESL teachers’ code-switching practices were induced by factors such as linguistic factors, e.g., a lack of English vocabulary and limited language skills by both teachers and learners; for repetitive functions; for clarification; for classroom management; for building solidarity with learners; and lastly, a lack of alternative methods from the teachers to help make the learners understand. The findings also indicate a need to adjust the Namibian language policy.M. A. (English Studies)English Studie
Treatment outcomes of patients with MDR-TB and its determinants at referral hospitals in Ethiopia
No full textBackground: There is limited empirical evidence in Ethiopia on the determinants of treatment outcomes of patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) who were enrolled to second-line anti-tuberculosis drugs. Thus, this study investigated the determinants of treatment outcomes in patients with MDR-TB at referral hospitals in Ethiopia. Design and methods: This study was underpinned by a cross-sectional quantitative research design that guided both data collection and analysis. Data is collected using structured questionnaire and data analyses was performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Multi-variable logistic regression was used to control for confounders in determining the association between treatment outcomes of patients with MDR-TB and selected predictor variables, such as co-morbidity with MDR-TB and body mass index. Results: From the total of 136 patients with MDR-TB included in this study, 31% had some co-morbidity with MDR-TB at baseline, and 64% of the patients had a body mass index of less than 18.5 kg/m2. At 24 months after commencing treatment, 76 (69%), n = 110), of the patients had successfully completed treatment, while 30 (27%) died of the disease. The odds of death was significantly higher among patients with low body mass index (AOR = 2.734, 95% CI: 1.01–7.395; P<0.048) and those with some co-morbidity at baseline (AOR = 4.260, 95% CI: 1.607–11.29; p<0.004).
Conclusion: The higher proportion of mortality among patients treated for MDR-TB at Adama and Nekemte Hospitals, central Ethiopia, is attributable to co-morbidities with MDR-TB, including HIV/AIDS and malnutrition. Improving socio-economic and nutritional support and provision of integrated care for MDR-TB and HIV/AIDS is recommended to mitigate the higher level of death among patients treated for MDR-TBCollege of Human Science
A framework towards improved instruction of probability to grade seven students : a case of South African schools in Mpumalanga province
No full textThis empirical phenomenological study explored teachers’ conceptual understanding of probability to gain insights into how this understanding enhanced their instructional classroom practice. The study was motivated by the fact that many teachers did not receive training on this topic during their pre-service training, and their students often demonstrate below average performance in this topic. Studies have found that primary school mathematics teachers require specific training to enhance students’ understanding of probability. Scholars advocate the implementation of intervention programmes to ensure effective practices in probability and mathematics education in general.
In this study the researcher used purposive sampling to select nine participants. These individuals included five qualified teachers; the snowballing method was then used to select another teacher, two subject advisors and one mathematics coordinator. Participants’ experience in the field of mathematics teaching ranged from 10 to 25 years. Open-ended questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, lesson observations and focus group discussions were used to collect data.
An initial needs analysis phase was conducted to determine what intervention strategies could be used to empower primary mathematics teachers and subject advisors. These intervention strategies were implemented following a lesson study model first used in Japan. The data collection instruments were developed from the conceptual tools of Kilpatrick, Swafford and Findell’s (2001) model. The items in the open-ended questionnaire were adapted from school textbooks and national and international assessments.
The findings from the first phase of the study revealed that teachers had limited conceptual understanding of probability. The analysis of the data collected during the second phase of the study (the intervention) revealed the following:
• There was an improvement in participants’ understanding of probability in relation to teaching, and how teachers’ classroom instructional practices could be enhanced.
• Teachers and subject advisors acknowledged that readily available common lesson plans provided by the Department of Education would not have a significant impact on their classroom practices unless they were modified.
• Greater collaboration between teachers and higher education institutions was required to enhance teachers’ professional development.
• A platform for subject advisors and teachers to share their experiences and provide support should be created.
• The use of a lesson study process as an accelerant promotes collaborative learning and enhances teachers’ instructional practices. In this study, teachers were encouraged to share their practices with others and to implement what they had learnt at school level (Lipscombe, Buckley-Walker & McNamara, 2020).
The study found that the absence of policy on the support and mentoring of teachers has resulted in a lack of confidence when teaching the concept of probability. The unsystematic way in which issues of mentoring and teacher support are dealt with does not serve teachers well. This seems to suggest that mentorship and teacher support programmes require regulation by policy. Likewise, subject advisors need training if they are to provide proper support to mathematics teachers.
These recommendations were translated into specifications to empower teachers and subject advisors. These specifications form the basis of the RIRAD (Review, Identify, Reconsider, Adapt and Develop) framework conceptualised in this study. The framework was conceptualised within the conceptual tools of Kilpatrick et al.’s (2001) model and strengthened by the findings that emerged from data. This framework has a dual integrated purpose, aimed at enriching teachers’ conceptual understanding of probability and empowering them to enhance their classroom instructional practices. Secondly, the framework empowers subject advisors to offer appropriate support to teachers. Based on findings from the literature review and empirical inquiry, more recommendations for the improvement of practice were made.Ph. D. (Mathematics, Science and Technology Education)Mathematics Educatio
Bloom’s taxonomy for the digital age student in a rural African context
Get PDFBloom’s Taxonomy serves as an important guide for teachers in building their student’s cognition from low to high order thinking. This taxonomy has been widely implemented in face-to-face settings worldwide. With the increased use of technology and blended and online learning on the rise, there is a need for teachers to warm up to digital learning. Teachers must be innovative in using technology to improve the quality of education and its delivery. Bloom’s Digital Taxonomy serves as an updated original Bloom’s
Taxonomy for designing technology-rich instruction for quality outcomes. This qualitative study explores the use of technology and digital tools to facilitate student learning experiences and outcomes in the modern era. The secondary data collected and analyzed
was gathered from existing sources of information. The study recommends that for teachers to be proficient and achieve the best outcomes and add incentives for the students, there is a need to follow the utilization of Bloom’s Digital Taxonomy and consolidate innovation, following the application will get students closer to accomplishing their learning objectives. Teachers need support to prevent forestall disdain and advancement weariness. To conclude the Bloom Digital Taxonomy is well practised in classrooms, and teachers can rest assured that the students they produce will make a difference in this world through the skills they have accumulated during their schooling years.Educational Foundation
Determinants of corporate governance in financial institutions
Get PDFAbstract in English with Tsonga and Afrikaans translationsThe study assessed the relationship between financial performance and corporate governance in selected financial institutions. Particularly, the study sought to examine the key determinant relationships, cointegrating relationships and causality between financial performance and corporate governance. The study employed panel data for the period 2007 to 2020 for 21 selected financial institutions, using South Africa as a unit of analysis. The joint effects of financial variables (risk appetite, financial stability, and financial performance) on corporate governance are scarcely studied. The current study contributed to the literature through the inclusion of financial variables to examine cointegrations and causal relationships between financial variables and corporate governance. The study used numerous econometric methodologies, including the Generalised Method of Moments (GMM), panel Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) and panel Error Correction Model (ECM), to address the research objectives. The study employed GMM to assess the key determinants of corporate governance proxies identified for the study. Panel ARDL and ECM models were employed to analyse the long-run, short-run, and causality relationships of the selected variables for this study.
Furthermore, the study employed Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to construct a composite index for corporate governance. To infer cointegrations and causality relationships between the financial variables and corporate governance, panel heterogenous estimation techniques such as Pooled Mean Group (PMG) and Dynamic Fixed Effects (DFE) were employed. PMG and DFE estimators were selected as the most suitable estimators. Using the p-value, the Hausman test was employed to determine the suitable estimator. Panel ARDL cointegration test results revealed a long-run association between financial performance, financial stability, risk appetite, and corporate governance. This study found bi-directional causality relationships in the long-run for the corporate governance index and the capital adequacy ratio, corporate governance index and financial stability.
Moreover, the study also found bi-directional causality relationships between the corporate governance index and financial stability in the short-run. However, no evidence of causal relationships was observed amongst most variables in the short run. The Error Correction Term (ECT) results are significant and negative, demonstrating dynamic stability between financial variables and the corporate governance index, therefore indicating a strong joint causality among the variables.Dyondzo yi kamberile vuxaka exikarhi ka matirhelo ya mali na vulawuri bya nhlangano eka mavandla ya swa timali lama hlawuriweke. Hi ku kongomisa, dyondzo yi lavile ku kambela vuxaka bya nkoka bya xihlawulekisi, vuxaka byo hlanganisa na xivangelo exikarhi ka matirhelo ya mali na vulawuri bya nhlangano. Dyondzo yi tirhisile datara ya phanele ya nkarhi wa 2007 ku fikela 2020 eka 21 wa mavandla ya swa timali lama hlawuriweke, yi tirhisa Afrika Dzonga tanihi yuniti ya nxopanxopo. Vuyelo bya nhlanganelo bya swilo swa timali leswi cincacincaka (mpimo wa khombo lowu nga amukeriwaka, ntshamiseko wa mali na matirhelo ya mali) eka vulawuri bya nhlangano a wu tali ku dyondziwa Dyondzo ya sweswi yi nghenisa xiave eka matsalwa hi ku katsa swilo leswi cincacincaka swa timali ku kambela mihlanganiso na swivangelo swa vuxaka exikarhi ka swilo leswi cincacincaka swa timali na vulawuri bya nhlangano. Dyondzo yi tirhisile maendlelo yo hlaya ya ikhonometiriki, ku katsa phanele ya GMM ARDL na phanele ya ECM, ku lulamisa swikongomelo swa ndzavisiso. Dyondzo yi tirhisile GMM ku kambela minchumu ya nkoka ya vayimeri va vulawuri bya nhlangano lava hlawuriweke eka dyondzo. Timodlele ta phanele ya ARDL na ECM ti tirhisiwile ku xopaxopa nkarhi woleha, nkarhi wokoma na vuxaka bya xivangelo bya swilo leswi cincacincaka leswi hlawuriweke swa dyondzo.
Ku yisa emahlweni, dyondzo yi tirhisile PCA ku aka xikombo lexi hlanganisiweke. Ku fikelela mihlanganiso na vuxaka bya xivangelo exikarhi ka swilo leswi cincacincaka swa timali na vulawuri bya nhlangano, tithekiniki ta nkumbetelo wo hambanahambana wa tiphanele to fana na PMG na DFE ti tirhisiwile.. Vapimanyeti va PMG na DFE va hlawuriwile tanihi vapimanyeti lava faneleke swinene. Hi ku tirhisa nkoka wa p,xikambelo xa Hausman xi tirhisiwile ku kumisisa mupimanyeti loyi a faneleke swinene.. Mivuyelo ya xikambelo xa ku hlanganisiwa ka Phanele ya ARDL yi humeserile erivaleni nhlangano wa nkarhi woleha exikarhi ka matirhelo ya mali, ntshamiseko wa mali, mpimo wa khombo lowu nga amukeriwaka na malawulelo ya nhlangano. Dyondzo leyi yi kumile swivangelo swa vuxaka bya matlhelo mambirhi eka nkarhi woleha eka xikombo xa vulawuri bya nhlangano, na mpimo wa ku ringanela ka mali, xikombo xa vulawuri bya nhlangano na ku tshamiseka ka swa timali.
Hixitalo, dyondzo yi tlhele yi kuma xivangelo xa vuxaka bya matlhelo mambirhi exikarhi ka xikombo xa vulawuri bya nhlangano na ntshamiseko wa mali eka nkarhi wokoma. Hambiswiritano, ku hava vumbhoni bya vuxaka bya swivangelo lebyi voniweke exikarhi ka swilo swotala leswi cincacincaka eka nkarhi wokoma. Mivuyelo ya ECT i ya nkoka naswona a yi khale, yi kombisa ntshamiseko lowu cincacincaka exikarhi ka swilo leswi cincacincaka swa mali na xikombo xa vulawuri bya nhlangano, hikwalaho wu kombisa xivangelo xo tiya xa nhlangano exikarhi ka swilo leswi cincacincaka.Die studie het die verband tussen finansiële prestasie en korporatiewe bestuur in geselekteerde finansiële instellings beoordeel. Die studie het veral gepoog om die sleutelbepalende verwantskappe, koïntegrasieverwantskappe en kousaliteit tussen finansiële prestasie en korporatiewe bestuur te ondersoek. Die studie het paneeldata vir die tydperk 2007 tot 2020 vir 21 geselekteerde finansiële instellings gebruik, met Suid-Afrika as ontledingseenheid. Die gesamentlike uitwerking van finansiële veranderlikes (risiko-aptyt, finansiële stabiliteit en finansiële prestasie) op korporatiewe bestuur word selde bestudeer. Die huidige studie dra by tot die literatuur deur die insluiting van finansiële veranderlikes om koïntegrasie van kousale verwantskappe tussen finansiële veranderlikes en korporatiewe bestuur te ondersoek. Die studie het talle ekonometriese metodologieë gebruik, insluitend die veralgemeende metode van momente (GMM), paneel- outoregressiewe sloeringsbenadering (ARDL) en paneel-foutregstellingsmodel (ECM) om die navorsingsdoelwitte uiteen te sit. Die studie het GMM gebruik om die sleutelbepalers van gevolmagtigdes vir korporatiewe bestuur wat vir die studie geïdentifiseer is, te assesseer. Paneel-ARDL en ECM-modelle is gebruik om die langlopie-, kortlopie- en kousaliteitsverwantskappe van die geselekteerde veranderlikes vir hierdie studie te ontleed.
Verder het die studie hoofkomponentanalise gebruik om ’n saamgestelde indeks te konstrueer. Om koïntegrasies en kousaliteitsverwantskappe tussen die finansiële veranderlikes en korporatiewe bestuur af te lei, is paneelheterogene beramingstegnieke soos saamgevoegde gemiddelde groep (PMG) en dinamiese vaste-effek (DFE) gebruik. PMG- en DFE-beramers is ges lekteer as die mees geskikte beramers. Deur die p-waarde te gebruik, is die Hausman-toets gebruik om die geskikte beramer te bepaal. Paneel-ARDL-koïntegrasietoetsreultate het ’n langlopie-assosiasie tussen finansiële prestasie, finansiële stabiliteit, risiko-aptyt en korporatiewe bestuur aan die lig gebring. Hierdie studie het tweerigting-kousaliteitsverwantskappe in die lang lopie gevind vir die korporatiewe bestuursindeks en kapitaaltoereikendheidsverhouding, korporatiewe bestuursindeks en finansiële stabiliteit.
Die studie het boonop ook tweerigting-kousaliteitsverwantskappe tussen die korporatiewe bestuursindeks en finansiële stabiliteit op die kortlopie gevind. Geen bewyse van oorsaaklike verwantskappe is egter onder die meeste veranderlikes op die kort lopie waargeneem nie. Die resultate van die EKT is beduidend en negatief, wat dinamiese stabiliteit tussen finansiële veranderlikes en die korporatiewe bestuursindeks toon wat dus ’n sterk gesamentlike kousaliteit tussen die veranderlikes aandui.D. Phil. (Management Studies (Finance))Colleges of Economic and Management Science