21838 research outputs found
Sort by
Dimensions and underlying criteria of a risk management culture for a financial institution : a South African perspective
Get PDFAbstract in English, Northern Sotho and AfrikaansAn organisational ability to assess its risk management culture has increased due to the rapidity of change within the organisation that require a founded risk management culture to facilitate improved decision-making capability. To navigate through the challenges and ensure business continuity, it became apparent that organisations should establish a risk management culture framework. It is because of this background that the study aimed to identify the dimensions and the underlying criteria of a risk management culture that organisations can utilise to assess and establish a risk management culture for an organisation. For this study, a risk management culture is regarded as a generic concept that covers all risk types.
The study involved a review of the literature and empirical research on the dimensions and underlying criteria of a risk management culture framework from a South African financial institution. Survey data was collected to identify the discrepancy between the confirmed dimensions and underlying criteria of a risk management culture and how they are being implemented within the organisation. Although some of the suggested dimensions and underlying criteria were not yet fully implemented, the descriptive and inferential results showed that the majority of them were considered relevant and crucial for a risk management culture framework for an organisation. In order to utilise industry best practice and to guarantee a sound risk management culture to support the attainment of organisational objectives, the study also confirmed the risk dimensions and underlying criteria to embed a sound risk management culture framework needed for effective risk management.Bokgoni bja mokgatlo bja go hlahloba setšo sa yona sa taolo ya kotsi bo oketšegile ka lebaka la lebelo la phetogo ka gare ga mokgatlo wa o nyaka setšo sa taolo ya kotsi seo se theilwego go nolofatša bokgoni bjo bo kaonafetšego bja go tšea diphetho. Go sepelasepela ka gare ga ditlhohlo le go netefatša tšwelopele ya kgwebo, go ile gwa bonagala gore mekgatlo e swanetše go hloma tlhako ya setšo sa taolo ya kotsi. Ke ka lebaka la setlogo se moo nyakišišo e bego e ikemišeditše go šupa ditekanyo le dikelo tša motheo tša setšo sa taolo ya kotsi tšeo mekgatlo e ka di šomišago go sekaseka le go hloma setšo sa taolo ya kotsi go mokgatlo. Bakeng sa nyakišišo ye, setšo sa taolo ya kotsi se tšewa bjalo ka kgopolo ya kakaretšo yeo e akaretšago mehuta ka moka ya dikotsi.
Thuto e be e akaretša tshekatsheko ya dingwalo le nyakišišo ya diphihlelelo ka ga ditekanyo le dikelo tša motheo tša tlhako ya setšo sa taolo ya kotsi go tšwa go setheo sa Afrika Borwa. Tshedimosho ya nyakišišo e kgobokeditšwe go šupa go se dumelelane magareng ga ditekanyo tše di tiišeditšwego le dikelo tša motheo tša setšo sa taolo ya kotsi le ka fao di phethagatšwago ka gona ka gare ga mokgatlo. Le ge e le gore tše dingwe tša ditekanyo tše di šišintšwego le dikelo tša motheo ga se tša hlwa di phethagatšwa ka botlalo, dipoelo tša tlhalošo le tša go dira phetho di bontšhitše gore bontši bja tšona di tšewa e le tše di lebanego le tše bohlokwa go tlhako ya setšo sa taolo ya kotsi go mokgatlo. Gore go šomišwe mokgwa wo mokaone wa go netefatša setšo se se kwagalago sa taolo ya kotsi go thekga phihlelelo ya maikemišetšo a mokgatlo, nyakišišo e tiišeditše gape ditekanyo tša kotsi le ditekanyetšo tša motheo tša go tsenya tlhako ya setšo sa taolo ya kotsi ye e kwagalago yeo e nyakegago bakeng sa taolo ya kotsi ye e šomago gabotse.‘n Organisasie se vermoë om ‘n risikobestuurskultuur te evalueer, het toegeneem as gevolg van die vinnige veranderende omstandighede wat ‘n gevestigde riskikobestuurskultuur vereis om ‘n verbeterde besluitnemingvermoë te fasiliteer. Om die uitdagings te bestuur en besigheidskontinuïteit te verseker, het die noodsaaklikheid van ‘n risikobestuurskultuur vir ‘n organisasie bevestig. Dit is teen hierdie agtergrond dat hierdie studie poog om die dimensies en die onderliggende kriteria van ‘n risikobestuurskultuur te identifiseer en aan te wend om ‘n organisasie se riskiobestuurskultuur te evalueer. Vir die doeleindes van hierdie studie word ‘n risikobestuurskultuur as ‘n generiese konsep beskou, wat vir alle risiko tipes geld. Hierdie studie bestaan uit ‘n literatuur en empiriese navorsing om die dimensies en onderliggende kriteria van ‘n risikobestuurskultuur raamwerk vir ‘n Suid Afrikaanse finansiële instelling te bepaal. Informasie is deur middel van ‘n vraelys ingesamel om die verskille tussen die bevestigde dimensies en onderliggende kriteria vir ‘n risikobestuurskultuur te bepaal en hoe dit tans deur organisasies geïmplementeer word. Alhoewel van die voorgestelde dimensies en onderliggende kriteria nog nie ten volle geïmplementeer was nie, dui die beskrywende en inferensiese resultate dat die meerderheid as relevant en krities vir ‘n organisasie se risikobestuurskultuur beskou kan word. Om in staat te wees om die beste praktyk van die industrie te aanvaar en om ‘n risikobestuurskultuur te verseker vir die bereiking van besigheidsoelwitte, het die studie die dimensies en onderliggende kriteria vir ‘n risikobestuurskultuursraamwerk vir effektiewe risikobestuur, bevestig.M. Com. (Business Management)Finance, Risk Management and Bankin
Improving learner and teacher performance through effective use of ICTS in Soweto secondary schools, Gauteng province
Get PDFIn South Africa, the Department of Basic Education (DBE) has invested a lot in the provision of computers in schools to empower teachers in the use of technology for pedagogical purposes. It ensures that there is access to Information and Communication Technology (ICT) resources for every learner. While this is commendable, the South African government underestimates the challenges associated with the provision of computers for teaching and learning in schools. These include teachers’ negative attitudes towards the use of computers in the classroom, a lack of computer skills, and a lack of infrastructure. The government tries to mitigate these challenges through necessary support where possible. However, less attention is given to whether these computers are used effectively to enhance learners’ academic performance and teachers’ professional competence in schools. This is the gap that this study tried to fill.
The DBE’s decision to provide computers to schools was triggered by the realisation that the integration of ICTs into teaching and learning is gaining momentum globally because they improve learners’ technological competency, teachers’ pedagogical proficiency and the country’s development. In this context, this research explored how the effective use of ICT in Soweto secondary schools can improve learner and teacher performance. The study is underpinned by connectivism learning theory which is relevant for the digital age because it affords learners the ability to form connections with the information flow that takes place among network members. It adopted a mixed methods research approach by using both qualitative and quantitative research methodologies to gain better understanding of the research problem. Accordingly, semi-structured interviews were used to collect data from a purposefully selected sample of three teachers, one head of department (HOD) and one principal/deputy principal per school from each of the five selected schools. Altogether, 25 participants from five schools were interviewed. Ten teachers and 20 learners per school completed questionnaires, leading to a total of 150 respondents. Qualitative data was analysed thematically, while quantitative data was analysed statistically by means of Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS).
The research findings indicate that the use of ICTs in schools was only embraced by teachers and principals who understood their benefits, namely better methodological strategies, improved access to information, greater collaboration among teachers and the exposition of crucial learning platforms to learners. Despite these, many factors hinder effective use of ICTs in Soweto secondary schools. These include poor implementation of ICTs policies, inadequate ICT infrastructure, teachers’ lack of ICT skills, inadequate training, negative attitudes and poor teacher confidence, a lack of ICT leadership, and a lack of funds and technical support. To address these challenges, it is recommended that the Department of Education should support ICT policy implementation and use in schools, improve security in schools and clarify the role of principals, teachers and learners in ICT use.Ph. D (Education Management)Educational Leadership and Managemen
The effect of commelina benghalensis (commelinaceae) on microrna expression in cervical cancer cells
No full textCervical cancer is a health burden in many countries worldwide and is the most prevalent cancer in women across the African continent. Even with the current treatment strategies such as radiotherapy, chemotherapy and surgery, cervical cancer still causes high rates of morbidity and mortality. Novel treatment strategies for this cancer are urgently needed. Medicinal plants are gaining a lot of interest as sources of bioactive compounds for the treatment of different diseases, including cancer. Commelina benghalensis extracts have been shown to have anti-cancer properties against Jurkat T cells and alveolar epithelial cells (AEC). However, there has been no report on the activity of this plant against cervical cancer cells. Additionally, microRNA (miRs) have shown to regulate carcinogenesis during the development of cervical cancer cells, but the effects of C. benghalensis extracts on miRs have not previously been investigated. The influence of C. bengalensis acetone extract on cell metabolism, apoptosis and miRNA expression in HeLa cervical cells were tested in this study. The stem and leaf extracts of C. bengalensis decreased the metabolic activity in HeLa cells as shown by MTT assay and caused cell apoptosis as demonstrated with Annexin V flow cytometry. Twelve miRs were identified that are involved in the apoptosis pathway and selected for further studies. HeLa cells were treated with 400 and 500 μg/ml C. benghalensis leaf and stem extracts for 24 hours. Six miRs were significantly upregulated by the different extracts and concentrations, namely miR-7, miR-20a, miR-34a, miR-182, miR-143 and miR-200a. Six of the miRs were not significantly affected by the C. bengalensis extracts, specifically miR-21, miR-27b, miR-29a miR-99a, miR-99b and miR-497. None of the miRs were down regulated by the C. benghalensis extracts. The 400 μg/ml stem and leaf extracts, as well as the 500 μg/ml leaf extract upregulated some miRs that are usually already upregulated in cervical cancer cells, thereby potentiating carcinogenesis. Following this observation, it can be concluded that these extracts may not be good candidates for the treatment of cervical cancer. The 500 μg/ml stem extract was the best candidate for potential cancer treatment as it significantly upregulated only miR-34a which is usually downregulated in cervical cancer. This concentration can be further investigated for the treatment of cervical cancer.Wêreldwyd het sevikale kanker ‘n hoë siektelas en is die algemeenste kanker onder vrouens in Afrika. Selfs met die huidige behandeling vir servikale kanker met chemoterapie, radioterapie en chirugie het diè kanker steeds ‘n hoë mortaliteit en morbiditeit insidensie. Nuwe behandelingsmodaliteite word dringend vir servikale kanker benodig. Plant ekstrakte van Commelina benghalensis het in Jurkat T-selle en EAC selle teen-kanker einskappe getoon. MikroRNAs het ‘n effeck op die karsinogenese van servikale kanker, maar die effek van C. benghalensis op mikroRNAs in servikale kanker is nog nie getoets nie. In die navorsingsprojek word die effek van C. benghalensis asetoon plant ekstrakte op sel metabolisme, apoptose en die microRNA uitdrukking in HeLa selle ondersoek. Daar is gevind dat die stam en blaar ekstrakte van C. benghalenis die metabolisme in HeLa selle verlaag met die gebruik van MTT-toets, asook om apoptose te induseeer wat bewys is met Annexin V vloeisitometrie. Twaalf mikroRNAs wat die apoptose pad beinvloed is geidentifiseer vir verdere studie. HeLa selle is vir 24 uur met 400 μg/ml en 500μg/ml stam en blaar esktrakte behandel, waarna die mikroRNA uitdrukking bepaal is. Ses mikroRNA was opgereguleer, naamlik: miR-7, miR-20a, miR-34a, miR-182, miR-143 en miR-200a. Die ander ses mikroRNA, naamlik miR-21, miR-27b, miR-29 miR-99a, miR-99b, en miR-497 was nie betekenisvol geafekkteer deur die C. benghalensis blaar en stam ekstrakte nie. Geen van die mikroRNAs was afgereguleer deur die C. benghalensis ekstrakte nie. Die 400 μg/ml stam en blaar ekstrakte sowel as die 500μg/ml blaar ekstrakt het microRNAs opgereguleer, wat reeds in servikale kanker ook opgereguleer is en kan dus verder karsinogenese ondersteun. In die lig hiervan is diè konsentrasies nie goeie kandidate vir servikale kanker behandeling nie. Die beste kandidaat vir potensiële servikale kanker behandeling was die 500μg/ml stam ekstrak wat slegs miR-34 opgereguleer wat gewoonlik verlaag is in servikale kanker.Umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho ungumthwalo wezempilo emazweni amaningi emhlabeni jikelele futhi uwumdlavuza odlange kakhulu kwabesifazane ezwenikazi lonke lase-Afrika. Ngisho namasu amanje okwelapha afana neradiotherapy, chemotherapy kanye nokuhlinzwa, umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho usabangela izinga eliphezulu lokugula nokufa. Amasu amasha okwelapha lo mdlavuza adingeka ngokushesha. Izitshalo zokwelapha zithola isithakazelo esikhulu njengemithombo ye-bioactive compounds yokwelapha izifo ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise nomdlavuza. Ukukhishwa kwe-Commelina benghalensis kukhonjiswe ukuthi kunezinto zokulwa nomdlavuza ngokumelene namaseli e-Jurkat T namaseli e-alveolar epithelial (AEC). Kodwa-ke, awukho umbiko mayelana nokusebenza kwalesi sitshalo ngokumelene namaseli omdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho. Ukwengeza, i-MicroRNA (miRs) ibonise ukulawula i-carcinogenesis ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho, kodwa imiphumela ye-C. benghalensis extracts kuma-miRs ayizange iphenywe ngaphambilini. Umthelela we-C. bengalensis acetone extract on cell metabolism, apoptosis kanye nenkulumo ye-miRNA kumaseli omlomo wesibeletho we-HeLa ahlolwe kulolu cwaningo. Isiqu nesiqephu seqabunga se-C. bengalensis sehlise umsebenzi we-metabolic kumaseli e-HeLa njengoba kuboniswe ukuhlolwa kwe-MTT futhi kwabangela i-apoptosis yeseli njengoba kuboniswe nge-Annexin V Flow Cytometry. Ama-miR ayishumi nambili ahlonziwe abandakanyeka kumzila we-apoptosis futhi akhethelwa ukuqhubeka nezifundo. Amaseli e-HeLa aphathwe nge-400 kanye ne-500 μg/ml C. Iqabunga le-Benghalensis ne-stem extract amahora angu-24. Ama-miR ayisithupha aye alawulwa kakhulu izingcaphuno ezihlukene nokugxiliswa kuzo, okuyi-miR-7, miR-20a, miR-34a, miR-182, miR-143 kanye ne-miR-200a. Ama-miR ayisithupha awazange athintwe kakhulu izingcaphuno ze-C. bengalensis, ikakhulukazi i-miR-21, miR-27b, miR-29a miR-99a, miR-99b ne-miR-497. Awekho ama-miR aye phansi alawulwa yi-C. benghalensis extracts. I-400 μg/ml isiqu kanye nezikhishiwe zeqabunga, kanye ne-500 μg/ml yeqabunga elikhishwe kulawula amanye ama-miR ngokuvamile asevele elawulwa kumaseli omdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho, ngaleyo ndlela enze i-carcinogenesis. Ukulandela lokhu kubheka, kungaphethwa ngokuthi lezi zingcaphuno zingase zingabi abantu abafanelekile ekwelapheni umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho. Ukukhishwa kwesiqu okungu-500 μg/ml bekuyikhandidethi elingcono kakhulu lokwelapha umdlavuza okungenzeka ukuthi lilawule kakhulu i-miR-34a kuphela evamise ukwehliswa kumdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho. Lokhu kugxilwa kungaphenywa kabanzi ekwelapheni umdlavuza womlomo.M. Sc. (Life and Consumer Sciences)Life and Consumer Science
Government’s response to the population influx on housing in Freedom Park, South Africa
Get PDFThis dissertation draws on the perceptions of government officials and residents to investigate the response of government to the effects of increases in population on the provision of housing in Freedom Park, Soweto. The Cohesive Service Delivery Theory is used as the theoretical framework for the study because it argues the importance of a focus on an integrated manner of achieving housing delivery. The study adopted the qualitative approach and utilised purposive sampling to select five government officials from the Department of Human Settlements, along with 25 residents, because all parties had information relevant to the study. Structured one-on-one interviews were conducted to collect data. The collected data were analysed using the thematic method. The findings indicate that the government needs to constantly revise the strategies it utilises to respond to the effects of increased population numbers on housing. It is recommended that the government should continuously evaluate its delivery strategies in accordance with the demands of population increase.Disethesheni iyi i sedza kha kuvhonele kwa vhashumeli vha muvhuso na vhadzulapo u sengulusa phindulo dza muvhuso kha mveledzwa dza nyaluwo ya tshitshavha kha netshedzo ya dzinndu ngei Freedom Park, Soweto. Thyeori ya Ndisedzo ya Tshumelo yo Faranaho i shumiswaho sa muhanga wa kushumele wa thyeori kha ngudo ngauri i amba nga ha zwa ndeme ya u sedza nga ndila yo tanganelanaho u itela u swikelela ndisedzo ya dzinndu. ngudo yo dzhia kuitele kwa khwalithethivi na u shumisa u khetha tsumbo nanguludzwa hu na ndivho ha khethwa vhashumeli vha muvhuso vhatanu u bva kha Muhasho wa zwa Vhudzulo ha Vhathu, kathihi na vhadzulapo vha 25, ngauri vhathu vhothe vha na mafhungo o teaho a ngudo. Inthaviwu dza muthu nga muthihimuthihi dzo itwa u itela u kuvhanganya data. Data yo kuvhanganyiwaho yo saukanya hu khou shumiswa ngona ya thematiki. Mawanwa a sumbedza uri muvhuso u tea u dzulela u sedzulusa zwitirathedzhi zwine wa zwi shumisa u fhindula mveledzwa dza tshivhalo tsha tshitshavha tsho engedzwaho kha zwa dzinndu. Hu theme ndelwa uri muvhuso u tea u dzulela u ela zwitirathedzhi zwawo zwa ndisedzo maelana na thodea dza u engedzea ha tshitshavha.Sengwalwa se sa dinyakisiso se dirisa maikutlo a bahlankedi ba mmuso le badudi go nyakisisa phetolo ya mmuso mabapi le diabe tsa dikoketsego tsa setshaba ka ga kabo ya dintlo ka Freedom Park, Soweto. Teori ya Tshomisanommogo ka ga Kabo ya Ditirelo e somiswa bjalo ka motheo wa teori wa dinyakisiso tse ka ge e bolela ka ga bohlokwa bja nepiso ka ga mokgwa wo o kopantswego wa go fihlelela kabo ya dintlo. Dinyakisiso di dirisitse mokgwa wa dinyakisiso tsa boleng le go somisa disampole tsa maikemisetso go kgetha bahlankedi ba bahlano ba mmuso go tswa go Kgoro ya Madulo a Batho, gotee le badudi ba 25, ka gobane ka moka ga bona ba bile le tshedimoso ye e lego maleba go dinyakisiso tse. Dipoledisano tseo di beakantswego pele tsa poledisano ya motho ka o tee ka o tee di ile tsa dirwa go kgoboketsa tshedimoso. Tshedimoso ye e kgobokeditswego e ile ya sekasekwa ka go somisa mokgwa wa merero. Dikutollo di laetsa gore mmuso o swanetse go fela o buseletsa mekgwa yeo o e somisago ka nepo ya go arabela diabe tsa setshaba seo se oketsegilego mabapi le kabo ya dintlo. Go sisinywa gore mmuso o swanetse go tswela pele go sekaseka mekgwa ya ona ya kabo ya dintlo go ya ka dinyakwa tsa koketsego ya setshaba.M.A. (Development Studies)Development Studie
Enhancing learning performance and school development : collaboration between teachers, school counsellors and parents at secondary schools in Polokwane, Limpopo province
Get PDFIn 1998, I completed my studies in Social Work and Theology and had a burning desire to assist young people who were caught up in a dysfunctional system. In 2008, I became part of a school’s counselling team and furthered my studies in order to be more efficient. I thereafter completed a degree in Education and in Psychology and specialized in Psychometry. However, I realized that one person cannot fulfil so many roles proficiently and that a team effort is what is required to address the growing dilemma our country is facing.
South African schools have been characterized by low pass rates and underachievement. Young people are bombarded by a number of problems that stem from their various ecological systems – home, school, community and the country at large. These have a ripple effect on their performance, behaviour and overall development.
The purpose of this study was to explore whether or not collaboration between key stakeholders will effectively address the diverse needs of learners and contribute to an improvement in learner performance and ultimately towards school development.
The research was conducted in the Limpopo Province, which has presented with some of the lowest pass rates over the past few years. Principals, deputy principals, school counsellors, heads of departments and parents from five local schools participated in the study. They shared their views and perceptions pertaining to the condition of education in South Africa and in their own schools and elaborated on collaboration as a possible solution to underachievement.
The study provided insight into their personal experiences and views and it concluded that collaboration is undoubtedly of great importance. Several challenges or impediments to collaboration were, however, identified that still need to be addressed in order for these partnerships to be truly effective. Key stakeholders, like teachers, parents and school counsellors play a pivotal role in the implementation of this strategy and teamwork, trust and mutual respect will determine its eventual success and outcome.M. Ed. (Education Management)Educational Management and Leadershi
Interpretation and influence of television alcohol advertisements on consumption considerations by youth in Elim, Limpopo: A reception analysis
Get PDFThis is a reception study, which explores and evaluates, through in-depth interviews
and surveys, how television audiences or consumers interpret alcohol advertisements.
The aim is to understand the influence of the genre of television advertising on
perceptions around alcohol consumption by youth at Elim community in Limpopo,
South Africa. This study attempts to provide additional analysis of the ways alcohol
television advertisements are decoded by young people. Particular attention is paid to
review alcohol use and its importance in African societies, gender differences in
alcohol use and interpretation, and the exposure and reception of alcohol television
avdertising messages. The paper utilises the encoding and decoding model together
with other mass communication theories. The study takes a mixed method
sequentially dependent approach, and both the quantitative and qualitative methods
are used. Survey and in-depth interviews were utilised, principally employing random
and purposive sampling techniques to select 600 respondents (young people between
the ages of 18-35) for quantitative analysis, and 10 respondents for qualitative
analysis, respectively. Findings indicate that although alcohol has a symbolic meaning
and is culturally central or embedded in African cultural systems, young people at Elim
decode alcohol advertisements in ironic and inexplicable ways that can hardly be
predicted by the encoders of media messages. This study also found that there are
differences in how the social and gender stereotypical depictions in the sampled
advertisements are received by audiences, who seem to hold a certain stereotypical
position when reading media messages and who take the dominant position when an
advertisement reinforces certain gender stereotypes they agree with. When certain
stereotypes are challenged, there is ‘discomfort’ and audiences argue against the
preferred reading. The study concludes by suggesting that the television medium’s
power is limited, and that there is no guarantee that the preferred meaning encoded
in an advertisement will become the preferred reading. In essence, much of Stuart
Hall’s theoretical propositions around how audiences decode media texts are notably
reinforced in this study; thus, emphasising the relevance of this theory, decades after
it was first introduced.M.A. (Communication Science)Communication Scienc
Journey less travelled: Female nursing students’ experiences in providing intimate care in two nursing education institutions in Gauteng province, South Africa
Get PDFBackground: Intimate care is not facilitated in South African nursing education and training.
Nursing students encounter it for the first time in clinical practice, where they see and touch
the naked bodies of patients. The societal segregation of gender roles has led to the feminisation
of the nursing profession, suggesting that women are more caring and maternal and that
intimate care implementation comes more easily to them than to their male counterparts.
Aim: This study explored female nursing students’ experiences of intimate care for diverse
patients.
Setting: The study was conducted in two nursing education institutions in Gauteng province,
South Africa.
Methods: Descriptive phenomenology was used to describe the lived experiences of
participants. Seventeen female nursing students were purposively sampled. Data were
collected using semi-structured interviews and analysed using Moustakas’ (1994) eight steps.
Results: Four themes emerged: intimate care comprehension, preparedness for providing
intimate care, reactions in providing intimate care and coping mechanisms when providing
intimate care to diverse patients.
Conclusion: Intimate care forms a basis on which nursing students prioritise the physical
needs of patients by providing care that exposes their bodies and requires touch. The students
were taught to provide care with respect, maintaining patient autonomy and nursing
professionalism. Unfortunately, age and gender barriers create feelings of discomfort and
embarrassment. More needs to be done to support and empower nursing students in providing
intimate care to diverse patients competently, confidently and comfortably.
Contribution: Understanding the experiences of participants in providing intimate care to
diverse patients will assist nurse educators in intimate care facilitation and support. The
female nursing students will be empowered and trained to execute intimate care in a manner
that is culturally, religiously and ethically acceptable.Health StudiesUniversity of South Afric
The epidemiology of the 2016-2017 African swine fever outbreaks in the Northwest and Free State provinces of South Africa
No full textAfrican Swine Fever (ASF) is a viral disease, which is endemic in most sub-Saharan
African countries with warthog and tick vector (Ornithodoros) acting as biological
reservoirs of the virus. A high mortality rate is evident among domestic pigs, and
international trade becomes negatively affected including swine products. The African
Swine Fever outbreak was confirmed by laboratory results issued on the 6th of June
2016. It occurred in the North West Province where smallholder farmers reported
deaths in the free-roaming pigs. During the same period, another suspected outbreak
of ASF was reported on a farm near Koffiefontein in the Free State.
This project aimed at establishing the source of the ASF outbreak in the Free State
and North West provinces by conducting an epidemiological assessment,
investigating possible risk factors, and assessing the role played by the sylvatic cycle.
Face-to-Face interviews and direct observations were used to collect primary data.
Affected pigs (n=2 539) were recorded in both provinces. Pigs that succumbed to the
ASF virus were (n=880) in Free State and (n=664) in North West province whereas
pigs that were culled, in both provinces, were respectively (n=571) and (n=424). Blood
samples from live pigs comprised sera (n=174), blood on ethylene diamine tetra-acetic
acid (EDTA) (n=67), and from dead pigs, tissue samples (n=44) were submitted to the
laboratory for analysis.
Samples from warthogs namely, EDTA blood (n=2), sera (n=9,) and tissue (n=10)
were also submitted to the laboratory. Methods used included virus isolation, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and PCR. Antibody ELISA was used to assess
exposure to the African Swine Fever virus (ASFV). The polymerase chain reaction
test was used to quantify the prevalence of pig exposure to the ASFV using tissue and
EDTA samples. Blood samples on EDTA from domestic pigs (n=67) yielded 23 out of
67 samples (34%) positive for ASFV which suggests that healthy pigs carrying ASFV
existed in the affected area. Twenty-six out of 67 (39%) tested negative with the rest,
18 out of 67 (27%) not tested. The tissue samples (n=44) revealed that 23 out of 44
(52%) tested positive and 21 out of 44 (48%) were negative for ASFV. Of the serum
samples (n=174), 18 out of 174 (10%) were positive for antibody detection and 138
out of 174 (79%) were negative. From assessments, EDTA samples (n=2) revealed that both samples 2 out of 2
(100%) were positive for ASFV, and tissue samples from warthog’s carcasses (n = 10)
revealed that 9 out of 10 (90%) were positive while 1 out of 10 (10%) was negative for
ASFV detection. Lastly, serum samples (n = 9) revealed that 7 out of 9 sera (78 %)
tested positive while 2 out of 9 sera (22%) tested negative for antibodies against ASFV.
To establish the involvement of the sylvatic cycle, sampling of warthog burrows with
Ornithodoros moubata was carried out. A total of 88 ticks were recovered from the
burrows and the laboratory results demonstrated that 10 out of 88 tick samples
(11.4%) collected from warthog burrows in Koffiefontein in the Free State tested
positive for ASFV deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), 68 out 88 (77.3%) were negative, and
10 out of 88 (10.4%) yielded inconclusive results. The positive results indicated a
possibility that the sylvatic cycle has contributed to the dissemination of the ASFV. In
addition, the questionnaire and farm observations revealed a lack of biosecurity as a
major concern.M. Sc. AgricultureAgriculture and Animal Healt
Bail and the presumption of innocence : a comparative legal study
No full textEvery person arrested for allegedly having committed a crime, has a constitutional right to be released on bail if the interests of justice permit and subject to reasonable conditions. Every accused has a constitutional right to be presumed innocent until proven guilty.
The focus of the research is on the consideration of bail be granted to an accused, charged with offences, falling within the ambit of the various schedules of the Criminal Procedure Act, and the effect thereof on the presumption of innocence and an accused’s constitutional rights, with a critical comparison to the Canadian law and its Constitution.
The research investigates the origin and historical background of bail with specific comparison to our current South African bail legislation.
The evidentiary rules in bail applications are explored and discussed. The reverse onus in schedule 5 and 6 bail applications and the effect on the presumption of innocence is meticulously assessed and analysed.
The discussion of bail pending appeal, after leave to appeal having been granted against conviction, explores the reality of the restoration of the presumption of innocence, post-conviction.
The conclusions reached in this research indicate that the Canadian bail legislation is more liberal and sensitive to the rights of an accused and, as such, the South African legislation should align itself with the Canadian legislation. The final recommendations propose particular amendments to the current legislation, which will address the criticisms identified in the research.LL. M. (Criminal Law and Criminal Procedure)Criminal and Procedural La
Simultaneous reduction of NOx emission and SOx emission aided by improved efficiency of a Once-Through Benson Type Coal Boiler
Get PDFWith significant contributions in global emissions of air pollutants, sustainable practices for coal-fired
power generation are fundamental to mitigate global climate change, besides ensuring compliance to
the local authorities, which is as critical as climate issues. Despite the importance of these issues, some
gaps exist in the literature to develop practices capable of fostering emissions reduction of NOx and SOx.In this sense, the present study aimed to present a comprehensive approach to NOx emission and SOx emission reduction through improved efficiency of a once-through Benson type coal boiler in a coal-fired power plant. In improving efficiency, NOx and SOx emissions were strongly influenced by O2 concentration, coal mass flow, air/fuel ratio and coal calorific value. The optimum conditions that resulted in simultaneous reduction of NOx and SOx emissions were achieved when the O2 concentration was 3.28 vol% with the coal mass flow of 281 tonnes/hr. The results further suggested that NOx concentration was reduced by a large margin when the air/fuel ratio changed from the lean side to the rich side. The findings of this study help to establish benchmarks relating to a comprehensive assessment of SOx and NOx emissions reduction