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Higher education policies and institutional theological education needs : a practical theological exploration with specific reference to private theological institutions in South Africa
Get PDFAbstracts in English, IsiXhosa, Setswana and SesothoTheological education and training (TET) are core to the mission of the Church. What is critical
and central to this thesis is how this noble task is carried out by the Church in light of the
Higher Education Act, no 101 of 1997 (the Act) in the current post-apartheid South African context.
TET has been substantially transformed by many factors-chief amongst them, accreditation and all
the other developments that stream from it.
Through its agency, the Council on Higher Education (CHE), the State aims to bring all higher
education and training programs under the same quality standards. The reformations brought about by
the Act, to the higher education sector, impacts TET in both private and public theological
institutions. This thesis spotlights the recognition and accreditation of qualifications in terms
of Church ministry and the spiritual development of the Church minister to further explore the
historical and current impact of the CHE on operating Private Theological Institutions (PTIs) since
the introduction of the Act.
This Practical Theological study describes the nature of the relationship between the
CHE policies and PTIs in South Africa. Employing the interpretivist philosophical paradigm,
a multi-site case study research design was incorporated. In this enquiry, 16 participants were
interviewed using a semi-structured interview guide to obtain in-depth information. These
participants were intentionally selected between both accredited and unaccredited institutions.
Their views were recorded, transcribed, processed, and analysed through thematic analysis
using the COSTA QDA Technique on webQDA cloud computing qualitative data analysis
software.
Finally, the study culminates in three themes: firstly, perceptions of CHE Policies
regarding accreditation and standardisation are underpinned by fundamental and systematic
epistemologies rooted in theological educational constructs; secondly, existential
proposition is primarily polarised by ontological perspectives inherent in advancing ecclesial
purposes, while at the same time premised on distrust pointed towards CHE Policies; and
thirdly, PTIs view quality assurance, control, and corroboration as essential and a parallel
exercise to prescripts that regulate higher education. An African transformative, critical
reflexive praxis for change is recommended based on an effective quality standard TET model.Imfundo kwakunye noQeqesho ngezaZakwalizwi zisisisekelo somsebenzi we Bandla lika Thixo. Isisekelo
sesifundo kwakunye nophando-nzulu kukubhenca-bhenca nokubeka elubala ukuba iNkonzo kaThixo
ingayidlala njani na lendima ibaluleke kangaka ngendlela enesidima nesizothozela ezingqamene zibe
zingqinelana ngengcaciso equlathwe nguMthetho weMfundo ePhakamileyo wekhulu elinanye (101) woMnyaka
weWaka elinamakhulu asithoba namashumi asithoba anesixhenxe (1997). Lomthetho uyinxalenye
yemithetho yelizwe loMzantsi Afrika, ochasene nocalucalulo. Imfundo noqeqesho kwezakwaLizwi
echatshazelwe yaye inayo nenguquko ngenxa yeemeko zabumini ezithe vetshe - ingakumbi ukuvunywa
ngokusemthethweni kweminye imiqathango engqamene noko. Ngokusebenzisa iBhunga leMfundo
ePhakamileyo njengeZiko eliququzelela ezeMfundo, uRhulumente unenjongo zokuba zonke iinkqubo
zemfundo ephakamileyo noqeqesho zibe mgangatho mnye.
Uhlenga-hlengiso oluvela kuMthetho weMfundo ePhakamileyo weKhulu elinanye (101) woMnyaka weWaka elinamaKhulu asiThoba namaShumi asiThoba anesixhenxe (1997),
lunegalelo elinifuthe kumaZiko emfundo, ingakumbi amaziko ezakwaLizwi angoozimele-geqe
(abucala), kwakunye nalawo esabenza nqo phantsi kwenkqubo zolawulo luka Rhulumente. Esi
sifundo, sibeka elubala ukuvunywa nokuvunywa kwezidanga, ngokweBandla, uphuhliso
lwesimmoya kwakunye nokuchubeka koMfundisi Lizwi. Injongo ibe ikuku phanda nzulu
indima edlalwe ibe isadlalwa liziko lemfundo ephakamileyo kwizifundo zakwaLizwi.
Olu phononongo lwezeNzululwazi ngezenkolo, lwenza ingcaciso ethe vetshe
ngobudlelwane obukhoyo phakathi kweBhunga lweMigaqo-nkqubo yeMfundo ePhakamileyo
kunye namaziko oQeqesho azimele bucala kweli lizwe lingu Mzantsi Afrika. Olu phononongo
lusebenzisa ubuchwephesha bengqondo obusiseko notoliko lolwazi (Interpretivist
philosophical paradigm ), ukunabisa uphando oluntlandlo nankalo zonke. Koluphando kuye
kwenziwa udliwano-ndlebe olunzulu nabathabathi-nxaxheba abalishumi elinesithandathu (16)
ngenjongo yokufumana ulwazi oluphangaleleyo. Imfundo yabo eziqu ziliqela, kwakunye
namava abo aphangaleleyo, aye asengelwa ethungeni, thunga elo lutyebise esisifundo. Ababathathi-nxaxheba bakhethwe ngabom, kuba bengoompondo zihlanjiwe, phakathi kwamaziko
avunywe ngokusesikweni kwakunye nazimele geqe.
Izimvo zabo ziye zashicelelwa, zaphononongwa kwaye zahlalutywa kusetyenziswa
ubuchwepheshe bolwazi obaziwa njenge -COSTA QDA kuxwebhu lwezengcingo iQDA
(webQDA) equlunqelwe uphonononga nokuhlalutya ulwazi.
Oluphononongo lushwankathela ngemixholo emithathu: okokuqala, iimbono zamaziko
oQeqesho abucala malunga neMigaqo-nkqubo yeBhunga leMfundo ePhakamileyo (CHE)
engqamene nokuvunywa ngokusesikweni nokusemthethweni ukungqanyaniswa
kwemigangatho exhaswa lucwangciso lobunzululwazi obusekeliswe kwimfundo yakwaLizwi.
Okwesibini, isindululo sobukho bamaziko oQeqesho abucala ubukhulu becala
buntlandlombini phakathi kokunqwenela ukuqhubela phambili iNkonzo kaLizwi nokungaqinimnqwazi
okanye ukukrokrela ubuqhophololo ngemigaqo-nkqubo yeBhunga leMfundo
ePhakamileyo . Okwesithathu, amaziko oQeqesho abucala agxininise kumgangatho, ulawulo,
nokungqinelana njengezinto ezibalulekileyo ngokunokwazo kumgaqo-nkqubo wolawulo
lweMfundo ePhakamileyo. Imiphumela yoluphando-nzulu isekubeni lucebisa ukuba
kuphononongwe indlela inkqubo yenguqu esekelwe kumgangatho ophakamileyo weZifundo noQeqesho nge zakwaLizwiThuta-Modimo le Katiso ke konokono ya tiro ya borongwa jwa Kereke. Lebaka- legolo le ntlha-kgolo ya
patlisiso e, ke manontlhotlho a tiro ya Kereke go ya ka molawana wa Thuto e Kgolwane ya 101 ya
ngwaga wa 1997 mo nakong ya puso e ntshwa eseng ole wa maloba wa tlhaolele mo Aforika Borwa.
Thuta-Modimo le katiso e tsamaile mo diphetogong tse di mmalwa - e e kwa setlhoeng sa diphetogo tse
ke ikwadiso le dikatlanegiso tsa teng tse di maleba. Ka go dirisa Lekgotla la Thuto e Kgolwane,
puso e ikaelela go lolamisa thuto e kgolwane le katiso ka fa tlase ga maemo a a nang le boleng jo
bo nonofileng.
Dintshafatso tse di tlisitsweng ke Molawana wa Thuto e Kgolwane, 101 ya ngwaga wa 1997, mo
lefapheng la thuto e kgolwane, le tlhotlheletsa Thuta-Modimo le katiso mo ditheo- katisong tsa
poraefete le tsa puso. Ntlha-kgolo ya patlisiso e, ke go senolela kamogelo le ikwadiso ya borutegi
jwa tirelo ya Kereke le tsweletso ya semowa go Moruti wa Phuthego ka maikaelelo a go batlisisa
tshusumetso ya Lekgotla la Thuto e Kgolwane mo katlanegisong ya Ditheo-thuto tsa Poraefete go
simologa ka nako ya tiriso ya Molawana o.
Thuta-Modimo ya Tiragatso e, e tlhalosa seemo sa kamano ya melawana fa gare ga Lekgotla la Thuto e
Kgolwane le ditheo-katiso tsa Poraefete tsa Thuto e Kgolwane mo Aforika Borwa. Ka go dirisa mokgwa
wa tharabololo ya bonokopela (Interpretivist philosophical paradigm ), patlisiso e dirilwe mo
mafelong a a farologaneng. Mo patlisisong e, batsaya-karolo ba le some le borataro (16) ba ne ba
botsolotswa ka mokgwa wa tlhamalalo go fitlhelela tshedimosetso e e boteng. Batsaya-karolo ba, ba
tlhaotswe ka maikaelelo go tswa ditheong tse di kwadisitsweng ka molao le tse di sa kwadisiwang .
Dikakanyo tsa bone di ile tsa gatisiwa, tsa kwalwa, tsa sekasekwa mme tsa rarabololwa go ya ka
mokgwa wa COSTA QDA mo mafaratlhatlheng a QDA a a swetsang ditharabololo le diphitlhelelo ka
setegeniki.
Kwa bokhutlong, thuto e digela ka dintlha-kgolo tse tharo: la ntlha ke dikakanyo tsa Ditheo-katiso
tsa Poraefete tsa Thuto e Kgolwane ka ga melawana ya Lekgotla la Thuto e Kgolwane gore ikwadiso le
tekantsho di theilwe mo thuto-kgolong e e tsepamisitsweng mo dipilareng tsa thuta-Modimo;
la bobedi, botshelo jwa Ditheo-katiso tsa Poraefete tsa Thuto e Kgolwane bo angwa thata ke
dikakanyo-kgolo tsa go tshikinya maikaelelo a Kereke, esitang le, maikaelelo a a fitlhegileng
a go tlhoka boikanyego mo melawaneng ya Lekgotla la Thuto e Kgolwane; la boraro, Ditheokatiso
tsa Poraefete tsa Thuto e Kgolwane di tsaya gore netefatso ya boleng, taolo, le tirisanommogo
jaaka tiro e e botlhokwa mo go tsamaiseng Thuto e Kgolwane. Go itshekatshekela
diphetogo go gatelelwa jaaka mokgwa wa se Aforika go atlenegisa boleng jwa maemo a thuta-
Modimo le katisoThuto-Modimo le thupello di bohlokwa ho morero le tjhebelopele ya Kereke. Ntlha e ka sehlohong
diphuputsong tsa sengolwa sena ke hore mosebetsi o kgethehileng ona o phetwa jwang ke Kereke ho
akaretswa Molaotheo wa tsa Thuto e Phahameng, wa 101 wa selemo sa 1997 o tlisitsweng ke mmuso o
motjha o sa tshwaneng le wa maobeng wa kgethollo mona Afrika Borwa. Kwetliso ya Thuto-Modimo e
fetotswe ke dintlha tse ngata-ntlha e ka sehlohong, ke kamohelo etswang Lekgotleng la tsa Thuto e
Phahameng, mmoho le diphetoho tsohle tse latetseng molawana ona o motjha wa tshebetso. Lefapha la
Thuto e Phahameng e leng le nqosa la mmuso, le rera ho tlisa merero yohle ya dithuto le dikwetliso
tsa ditheho tsa thuto e phahameng ka tlasa maemo a tshwanang a boleng.
Diphethoho tse hlahisitsweng ke molaotheo wa Thuto e Phahameng, wa 101 wa selemo sa 1997, di
susumetsa Dithuto tse Phahameng le kwetliso ya thuto-Modimo tse rutwang ke dikolo tsa poraefete le
dikolo tsa mmuso. Phuputso tsena di hlaisa kananelo ya ditshwanelo mabapi, le tshebetso ya Kereke
le ntshetsopele kgolong ya semoya ho Moruti wa phuteho. Morero e le ho ithuta seabo seo Lefapha la
Thuto e Phahameng le bileng le sona ho Ditheho tsa Poraefete tsa Thuto-Modimo ho tloha nakong ya
tshebediso ya molawana ona.
Thuto-Modimo ya Tshebeletso e, e hlalosa seemo sa kamano pakeng tsa Lefapha la Thuto e Phahameng le
Ditheho tsa Poraefete tsa Thuto-Modimo mona Afrika Borwa.
Ho sebedisitswe mokgwa wa ho qhaqholla wa filosofi ya bo - mofetoledi (Interpretivist
philosophical paradigm) , ebile patlisiso e lekolang ditheo tse fapafapaneng, tulong tse fapaneng. Phuputsong ena, bankakarolo ba le leshome le metso e tsheletseng (16) ba ile ba
botswa dipotso ka mokgwa o hlophisitsweng hantle hore ho fumanwe lesedi le tebileng.
Bankakarolo ba, ba kgethilwe ka boomo dithehong tse ngodisitsoeng ka molao le tse sa
ngodiswang ka molao. Maikutlo le menahano ya bona a ile a hatiswa, le fetolelwa mongolong,
a sebetswa le ho hlahlojwa ka tlhaiso-leseding e sebedisang mokgwa wa COSTA QDA o leng
marangrang a maqhubu a bitswang QDA a ho qhaqholla dipatuwe ka ho sebedisa setegeniki.
Ho phethela thuto ena, ho hlahelletse mekgahlelo/dihloho tse tharo, wa pele ke: mehopolo ya Ditheo
tsa Poraefete tsa Thuto-Modimo mabapi le melawana ya Lefapha la Thuto e Phahameng tse tadimaneng le
ho amohelwa ka semolao le maemo a lekanang a thuto, mehopolo ya bona e tsheheditswe dipilareng tsa
Thuto-Modimo; wa bobedi bophelo ba Ditheo tsa Poraefete tsa Thuto-Modimo, bo itsheheditse
ditjhebong tse mabapi le bodumedi le ntshetso pele ya Kereke, empa ho sena ho tshepa melawana ya
Lekgotla la Thuto e Phahameng; wa ho qetela e leng wa boraro, Ditheo-tsa Thuto-Modimo di lekola
netefatso ya boleng, taolo, le ho sebedisana mmoho hole bohlokwa ho laola Thuto e Phahameng.
Patlisiso e esisinya phetoho e hlokang boitekolo ba Bo Afrika ditheo le mafapha bakeng sa hore
Thuto-Modimo ebe ya boleng le maemo a phahameng.Philosophy, Practical and Systematic Theolog
Today`s research is tomorrow`s innovation: A practical approach on the place of a researcher and academics in commercializing research and the transformation of Africa
No full textColleges of Economic and Management Science
Examining research support programmes for academic staff at a South African open and distance learning institution
No full textAcademic research is essential for the development of individual academics. Universities support academic staff through various research support programmes in order to improve its research enterprise. To improve the quality of these programmes, they must be evaluated on a regular basis. However, in this study, the gap noted in respect to the University of South Africa's (Unisa) research support programmes was the lack of an academic study evaluating such programmes from the perspective of beneficiaries. As a result, there was a misalignment between the efficacy of the programmes and the significance of the experience for participants. Hence, the purpose of this study was to establish if the research support provided by Unisa through its research support programmes contributes to the research development of academic staff.
In this qualitative case study, interviews were conducted with 20 participants from three Unisa research support programmes, namely MDSP, AQIP, and ODL-RSP, who participated in the programmes between 2013 and 2020. To uncover and analyse the assumptions underpinning research support, a theory-based evaluation in the form of a realist programme theory approach was used. Following a document-based analysis, this thesis used this analytical technique to discover the context, mechanisms, and outcomes (CMO) and developed programme theories that revealed the supposed causal linkages between inputs and outputs to address the issues of research output and capacity in higher education. Following that, the framework's assumptions about what “works, for whom, and under what conditions” were compared to the perceptions of Unisa academics who benefited from the aforementioned programmes.
The findings revealed that Unisa academics' high teaching and administrative workload and domestic duties resulted in their demand for research support, including research funding, reduced workload, more time for research, and research mentorship. As a result, Unisa academics favoured support programmes aimed at addressing concerns, including reduced teaching and administrative workloads, more research and development leave concessions, and work-from-home. In particular, the AQIP was preferred by participants above the MDSP and ODL-RSP. Nonetheless, the study presents a framework that may be used as a thinking tool to gain a better understanding of research support, as well as to plan and evaluate research support programmes similar to those provided by Unisa.Uphando kwezemfundo lubaluleke kakhulu kuphuhliso lwamagosa ezemfundo. Iiyunivesithi ziyawaxhasa amagosa emfundo ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo zenkxaso ezahlukeneyo ukwenzela ukuphucula icandelo lezophando. Ukuze ziphuculwe ezi nkqubo, kufuneka zivavanywe rhoqo. Noxa kunjalo, kwesi sifundo kuphawuleke ukuba kukho isikhewu kwiinkqubo zenkxaso zeYunivesithi yoMzantsi Afrika, apho kungekho sifundo sivavanya ezi nkqubo siveze izimvo zabaxhamlayo kuzo. Isiqhamo salonto yaba kukungahambelani phakathi kokusebenza kakuhle kwezi nkqubo kunye nokubaluleka kwamava abathathi nxaxheba. Yiyo le nto injongo yesi sifundo yayikukufumanisa ukuba ingaba inkxaso yophando enikwa yileyinivesithi iyanceda na kuphuhliso lophando kumagosa ayo emfundo.
Kwesi sifundo sokuzathuza singumzekelo, kwaqhutywa iindliwano ndlebe nabathathi nxaxheba abangama-20 beenkqubo zenkxaso ezintathu zakuleyunivesithi, eziyiMDSP, AQIP, kunye neODL-RSP, phakathi kweminyaka yama-2013 nama-2020. Ukutyhila nokuhlalutya izimvo zoqikelelo ezisuse esi sifundo senkxaso kwezophando, kwaqhutywa uvavanyo olusekelwe kwingcingane ethi ingaba inkqubo izidala njani iziphumo ezibonwayo, irealist programme theory ngesiNgesi. Emva kokuphengulula iimibhalo ethile, le ngxelo yophando yasebenzisa ubuchule bohlalutyo ukuze kufumaniseke imeko, iindlela zokusebenza kunye neziphumo (CMO). Emva koko kwaphuhliswa iingcingane zeenkqubo ezadiza ulwalamano phakathi kokufakwayo (inputs) nokukhutshwayo/iziphumo (outputs) xa kusetyenzwa ngemiba yeziphumo zophando nezakhono kwimfundo ephakamileyo. Kwalandeliswa ngokuthelekisa izimvo zoqikelelo malunga nokuba yintoni “esebenzayo, isebenzela bani, phantsi kweziphi iimeko” nezimvo zeengcali zemfundo ezakha zaxhamla kwezi nkqubo sezikhankanyiwe.
Okufunyanisiweyo kwadiza ukuba umsebenzi wokufundisa nowokulawula iinkqubo weengcali zemfundo ukhokelela kwizidingo zenkxaso kwezophando, kuquka nenkxaso mali kwezophando, ukuncitshiswa komsebenzi, ixesha elithe chatha lokuqhuba uphando, kunye nokuba nabacebisi kuphando. Oko kwakhokelela ekubeni iingcali zemfundo zaseUnisa zinqwenele iinkqubo zenkxaso ezijolise ekukhawuleleni iminqweno yabo, kuquka ukuncitshiswa komsebenzi. Inkqubo yeAQIP yakhethwa ngabathathi nxaxheba ngaphezu kweMDSP neODL-RSP. Isifundo sinikezela ngesakhelo esinokusetyenziswa njengesixhobo sokucinga, ukwenzela ukuba kubekho ukuyiqonda ngcono inkxaso yezophando, ukuze kucetywe, kuvavanywe iinkqubo zenkxaso yezophando ezifana nezo zinikezelwa yiUnisa.Irhubhululo lezefundo liqakathekile ekuthuthukisweni kwesifundiswa ngasinye. Amayunivesithi asekela abasebenzi bomkhakha wezefundo ngamaphrogremu ahlukahlukileko wezerhubhululo asekelako ngehloso yokuthuthukisa ihlelo layo lezerhubhululo kubhizinisi. Ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yalamaphrogremu, kufuneka bahlala bahlolwe ngasosoke isikhathi. Nanyana-kunjalo, kuleli rhubhululo, ukuba khona kwesikhala esimalungana namaphrogremu wezerhubhululo asekelako weYunivesithi yeSewula Afrika (Unisa) kubangelwe kutlhayela kwerhubhululo lezefundo elihlola amaphrogremu anjalo ngokomqondo wabazuzi.. Njengomphumela walokho, kube khona ukungakhambisani phakathi kwezinga lokusebenza ngepumelelo kwamaphrogremu kanye nokuqakatheka kwelwazi labadlalindima. Kanti-ngakelinye ihlangothi, umnqopho waleli rhubhululo kwakukuthola ukuthi mhlambe isekelo lezerhubhululo elinikelwa yi-Unisa ngamahlelo wayo wezerhubhululo elisekelako lifaka igalelo ekuthuthukisweni kwerhubhululo kubasebenzi bomkhakha wezefundo.
Kulesi sibonelorhubhululo (case study) engasebenzisi amanani, amanhlolombono enziwe nabadlalindima abama-20 abavela kumaphrogremu amathathu wezerhubhululo elisekelako we-Unisa, wona ngilawa; MDSP, AQIP, kanye ne-ODL-RSP, phakathi kuka-2013 no-2020. Ukuze kutholakale begodu kutsengwe nemicabango emumethe isekelo lezerhubhululo, kusetjenziswe ihlelo lokuhlola elisuselwe kuthiyori yezokuhlola ngendlela ekholelwa kuthiyori yephrogremu yezinto zamambala.. Nakulandelwa itsengo elisuselwa emtlolweni, le thesis isebenzise lendlela yokutsenga ukuthola ubujamo, amamekhenizimu kanye nemiphumela (CMO) kanye namathiyori wamaphrogremu athuthukileko aveze ukuhlobana okubizwa nge-causal linkages okuphakathi kwelwazi elisetjenziswako (input) kanye nelwazi elimphumela (outputs) ukulungisa iindaba zemiphumela yerhubhululo kanye namandla asemazikweni wezefundo aphezulu. Ngemva kwaokho, imicabango yesakhiwo emalungana nokuthi “yini okusebenzela bani, begodu lokho kusebenza ngaphasi kwabuphi ubujamo”, imicabango le imadaniswe nemiqondo yeemfundiswa ze-Unisa ezizuze kumaphrogremu akhulunywe ngaphambilini.
Ilwazi elivunjululiweko lokuthiumthwalo weemfundiswa ze-Unisa wezinga eliphezulu lokufundisa kanye nezokuphatha, liveze isidingo sesekelo lezerhubhululo, kufakwa phakathi ukusekelwa kwezerhubhululo ngeemali, kuphungule umthamo womsebenzi, isidingo sesikhathi esinengi serhubhululo kanye nokutlhogonyelwa ngelwazi lezerhubhululo. Njengomphumela walokho, iimfundiswa ze-Unisa zithande amaphrogremu asekelako anqotjhiswe ekurarululeni iminako, kufakwa phakathi ukuphungulwa komthamo womsebenzi Ikakhulukazi, i-AQIP yanyulwa badlalindima ngaphezu kwe-MDSP zine-ODL-RSP. Nanyana-kunjalo, irhubhululo lethula isakhiwo esingasetjenziswa njengethulusi lokucabanga lokuzuza ilwazi lokuzwisisa ngcono isekelo lezerhubhululo, kanye nokupulana/nokuhlela nokuhlola amaphrogremu wezerhubhululo asekelako okufana nalawo anikelwa yi-Unisa.Ph. D. (Education)Educational Studie
Farmer’s perceptions of effectiveness of public agricultural extension services in South Africa: an exploratory analysis of associated factors
Get PDFAbstract
Background
Effective public extension and advisory services have the potential to improve agricultural productivity; net farm income; and food security amongst resource-poor farmers. However, studies conducted to measure the effectiveness of extension and advisory services, offered by the Government of South Africa, have focused on the methods used, instead of the guiding principles, such as demand-driven services; equity; prioritization of farmer’s needs; and social and human capital development. The aim of this research paper was to determine farmers’ perceptions regarding the effectiveness of public extension and advisory services and associated factors. Perceptions of the effectiveness were measured using sixteen variables. A group of 442 farmers, in the Gauteng province, receiving government agricultural extension and advisory services, were randomly selected to participate in the study. Using a semi-structured survey instrument, primary data was collected through physical interviews and then analysed using computer software.
Results
The study found that public extension and advisory services in Gauteng were perceived as ineffective. Three socio-demographic factors (education level, age and farm/plot size) significantly influenced farmer’s perceptions towards public extension and advisory services. Moreover, the Principle Axis Factoring (PAF) results indicated that there were three underlying factors of the perceived effectiveness of public extension services, namely: relevance and good quality services; provision of information on improving agricultural production; and availability of the technologies required by farmers.
Conclusions
Large-scale farmers perceived public extension services to be less effective. The exploratory factor analysis extracted three underlying factors which accounted for 81.81% of the variance of the perceived effectiveness of public extension services. Farmers recommended that public extension and advisory services should be of good quality; relevant; and should improve agricultural production to be considered as effective by the farmers. Moreover, provision of extension and advisory services should be determined by farm/plot size
Does tourism influence financial development in Kenya?
Get PDFIn this study, we investigate the impact of tourism on financial development in Kenya using time series data from 1995 to 2017. The study uses the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bound testing approach to cointegration and error correction model to examine this linkage. To increase the robustness of the results, the study uses two proxies of financial development, namely broad money (bank-based financial development proxy) and total value of stocks traded (market-based financial development proxy). Results show that tourism has an insignificant impact on financial development in Kenya – both in the short and in the long run. The results apply irrespective of whether the financial development is proxied by a bank-based financial development indicator or by a market-based financial development indicator. This finding points to the fact that, although tourism is one of the main sources of foreign exchange in Kenya, it has no direct impact on financial development. The findings from this study add value to policy makers in Kenya by revealing the insignificant impact tourism has on financial development, although it is contrary to other studies that found a positive contribution. Based on the findings, Kenya may not anchor its financial development policies on tourism.Colleges of Economic and Management Science
Bronverwysings
No full textHierdie hulpbron verduidelik hoe om die Harvard-metode vir verwysings te gebruik.Afrikaans and Theory of Literatur
Attitudes, knowledge and practice of women regarding cervical cancer screening in Nifas Silk Lafto subcity, Addis Ababa
Get PDFSTUDENT NO: 55778615
Background: Cervical cancer screening is less than 1% in Ethiopia. Cervical cancer is
the leading cause of cancer death among Ethiopian women (Meried, 2017). The purpose
of this study was to analyse the knowledge, attitude, and practice of women in the Nifas
silk lafto subcity regarding cervical cancer screening. The findings of this study may
contribute to future research aimed at improving existing plans and documenting health
behavior.
Methods: A quantitative, cross-sectional study was conducted. A structured
questionnaire was utilized to collect data. Data collection took place between July September 2017 among (N=287) women residing in Nifas Silk Lafto subcity within Addis
Ababa. Cross tabulation and the chi square test were used to analyse the data. Stratified
random sampling was utilized during two different stages. The first stage of random
sampling took place for the purpose of sampling the Woredas in the sub city followed by
simple random sampling of women within the selected Woreda.
Results: The study showed significant correlation of age, marital status, income, and
educational level of respondents with good knowledge and attitude. Respondents that
had good awareness of cervical cancer screening scored between 57.1% to 71.6%. From
those who understood, 14.6% of them were familiar with liquid based cytology. STUDENT NO: 55778615
Background: Cervical cancer screening is less than 1% in Ethiopia. Cervical cancer is
the leading cause of cancer death among Ethiopian women (Meried, 2017). The purpose
of this study was to analyse the knowledge, attitude, and practice of women in the Nifas
silk lafto subcity regarding cervical cancer screening. The findings of this study may
contribute to future research aimed at improving existing plans and documenting health
behavior.
Methods: A quantitative, cross-sectional study was conducted. A structured
questionnaire was utilized to collect data. Data collection took place between July September 2017 among (N=287) women residing in Nifas Silk Lafto subcity within Addis
Ababa. Cross tabulation and the chi square test were used to analyse the data. Stratified
random sampling was utilized during two different stages. The first stage of random
sampling took place for the purpose of sampling the Woredas in the sub city followed by
simple random sampling of women within the selected Woreda.
Results: The study showed significant correlation of age, marital status, income, and
educational level of respondents with good knowledge and attitude. Respondents that
had good awareness of cervical cancer screening scored between 57.1% to 71.6%. From
those who understood, 14.6% of them were familiar with liquid based cytology. Chemotherapy is well-known among respondents as a treatment for cervical cancer
(44.9% ). Good knowledge had a stronger link to the media. Majority of respondents
(79.8%) agreed that asymptomatic women should be screened. While there is a low
association between attitudes and knowledge about cervical cancer screening, there is a
poor correlation between attitudes and knowledge about cervical cancer screening. The
age group of 30–39-year-olds has the greatest rate of pap smear visits (31.3%), while the
age group of 18–29-year-olds has the lowest rate (7%). Cervical cancer screening was
performed on just 14.2% of the respondents. The main reason for not being screened is apprehension about the outcome. Fear of procedure accounted for 25.1%, while lack of
service accounted for the remaining 38%.
Conclusion: According to the findings, women's age has no bearing on their attitudes or
practices. Respondents with a poor educational level, on the other hand, have the lowest
knowledge and practice of cervical cancer screening. The media is a key source of
information on cervical cancer screening (34%). There was no significant
correlation found between cervical cancer screening practices and respondents'
knowledge as well as attitudes.M. P. H.Health Studie
Tourism and financial development in South Africa: A trivariate approach
Get PDFIn this study, we examine the causal relationship between tourism and financial development in South Africa using data from 1995 to 2017. The study attempts to establish if financial development Granger-cause tourism in South Africa? Autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach and ECM-based Granger causality test were used to examine the link. When broad money was used as a proxy for financial development, a unidirectional causality from tourism to financial development was found in the short and the long run. However, when domestic credit provided by financial sector and market capitalisation of domestic listed companies were used as proxies, a bidirectional causal effect was confirmed in the short run and a unidirectional causal relationship from financial development to tourism in the long run. The results confirm the reinforcing effect between tourism and financial development in the short run with financial development taking the centre stage in the long run.Economic
The role of the Head of Department in contributing to successful teaching and learning in secondary schools, in Lulekani Circuit, Limpopo Province
No full textAbstracts in English, Tsonga and Northern SothoThis dissertation presents a study that explored the role of Departmental heads (DHs) in contributing to successful teaching and learning in secondary schools, in the Lulekani Circuit, of Mopani District in Limpopo Province. This study was guided by the attribution theory, constructive research paradigm, phenomenological research design and qualitative research approach. The purposive sampling method was used to select the participants of this study, who included six principals and six Departmental heads from six schools. Three methods were used to collect data from the participants, namely, individual interviews, observation and document analysis. In this study, these methods assisted the researcher in analysing the role of the Departmental Head in contributing to successful teaching and learning in secondary schools. Thematic data analysis method was used to analyse the collected data. The findings of this study revealed five major duties of DHs, namely, designing year plans, schemes of work and lesson plans; supporting teachers in teaching and assessing learners effectively, professional development and monitoring of teachers and learners. The findings also revealed seven challenges experienced by DHs, namely, work overload, shortage of teaching and learning resources, poor discipline of learners and lack of support by parents. The findings revealed four strategies for ensuring effective teaching and learning, namely, designing a curriculum improvement plan, teamwork strategy, professional development and parental involvement The results of this study will guide DHs to support teachers in designing effective year plans, schemes of work and lesson plans; assist in promoting effective teaching, learning, assessment, professional development and parental involvement. In this study, effective design of a year plan, professional development, assessment of learners, teamwork, promotion of parental involvement and monitoring of teachers’ work is recommended. Suggestions for further studies on the role of DHs are provided. It is suggested that this study should also be conducted in all other circuits of the Mopani District, for example, Namakgale, Nkowankowa, Khujwana, Groot Letaba, Giyani, Manómbe and Nsami. This will provide a comprehensive perception of the role of DH. This study applied qualitative approach only. For future studies the application of quantitative approach is suggested due to a greater number of participants potentially being involved providing more extensive data. Generally, this study will improve instructional leadership in schools.Desethesheni heyi i kumedza ngudo ine ye wanulusa mushumo wa Thoho dza Muhasho kha u shela mulenzhe kha u bvelela ha u funza na u guda kha zwikolo zwa sekondari, kha Liisela la Lulekani, Tshitirikini tsha Mopani Vunduni la Limpopo. Ngudo heyi yo endedzwa nga thiori ine vhathu vha pfa na u tshenzhela vhudifari, u kona u pfesesa nyimele kana tshiitei, u pfesesa na u talusa zwiitei na thodisiso ya khwalithethivi. Ho shumiswa ngona ya tsumbonanguludzwa ho sedzwa zwiṅwe zwithu u nanga vhadzheneli vha ngudo, vhe vha katela thoho dza zwikolo dza rathi na thoho dza Mihasho dza rathi u bva kha zwikolo zwa rathi. Ho shumiswa ngona tharu u kuvhanganya data u bva kha vhadzheneli, dzine dza vha, ithaviwu dza muthu nga muthu, u sedza na u saukanya maṅwalwa. Kha ngudo heyi, ngona hedzi dzo thusa mutodisisi kha u saukanya mushumo wa Thoho ya Muhasho kha u shela mulenzhe kha u bvelela kha u funza na u guda zwikoloni zwa sekondari. Ngona ya musaukanyo wa data hu tshi shumiswa thero yo shumiswa u saukanya data yo kuvhanganyiwaho, Mawanwa a ngudo heyi o dzumbulula mishumo mitanu mihulwane ya dzi HOD, ine ya vha u bveledza pulane dza ṅwaha, zwikimu zwa mushumo na pulane dza ngudo; u tikedza vhadededzi kha u funza na u linga vhagudiswa nga ndila yo teaho, mveledziso ya phurofeshinala na u tola vhadededzi na vhagudiswa. Mawanwa o dovha a dzumbulula khaedu dza sumbe dzo tshenzhelwaho nga dzi DH, dzine dza vha, mushumo wo dalesaho, thahelelo ya zwishumiswa zwa u funza na u guda, u sa vha na vhudifari havhudi kha vhagudiswa na u sa wana thikhedzo u bva kha vhabebi. Mawanwa o dzumbulula zwitirathedzhi zwina zwa u khwathisedza u funza ho teaho, zwine zwa vha, u bveledza pulane ya kharikhulamu, tshitirathedzhi tsha tshumisano, mveledziso ya phurofeshinala na u dzhenelela ha vhabebi. Mvelelo dza ngudo heyi dzi do endedza dzi DH u tikedza vhadededzi kha u bveledza pulane dza ṅwaha dzo teaho, tshikimu tsha mushumo na pulane dza ngudo; u thusa kha u tutuwedza u funza ho teaho, u funza, u guda, ndingo, mveledziso ya phurofeshinala na u didzhenisa ha vhabebi. Kha ngudo heyi, nyolo ya pulane ya ngudo yo teaho, mveledziso ya phurofeshinala, u linga vhagudiswa, tshumisano, na u tutuwedza u dzhenelela ha vhabebi na u tola mushumo wa vhadededzi zwo themendelwa. Ngeletshedzo kha ngudo dzine dza do itwa kha mushumo wa DH dzo netshedzwa. Ho dzinginywa uri ngudo heyi i fanela u itwa kha maisela othe a Tshitiriki tsha Mopani, sa tsumbo, Namakgale, Nkowankowa, Khujwana, Groot Letaba, Giyani, Manómbe na Nsami. Hezwi zwi do netshedza mbonalo yo fhelelaho ya mushumo wa DH. Ngudo heyi yo shumisa fhedzi kuitele kwa khwalithethivi. Hu khou dzinginywa u shumisa ngona ya khwanthethivi nga nthani ha tshivhalo tshinzhi tsha vhadzheneli vha ndeme vho dzheniswaho kha u netshedza data nnzhi. Nga u angaredza, ngudo heyi i do khwinisa ndangulo ya ndaela na kharikhulamu zwikoloni.Pego ye e tsweletsa dinyakisiso tseo di nyakisisitsego seabe sa Dihlogo tsa Kgoro ka go tsenya letsogo go thuto le go ithuta ka katlego dikolong tsa sekontari, ka Tshengwaneng ya Lulekani, ya Selete sa Mopani ka Profenseng ya Limpopo. Nyakisiso ye e be e laolwa ke kgopolo ya go tsebagatsa, mokgwa wa nyakisiso wo o agago, sebopego sa dinyakisiso tsa phenomenological le mokgwa wa dinyakisiso tsa khwalithethifi. Mokgwa wa tlhwekiso o somisitswe go kgetha bakgathatema ba nyakisiso ye, bao ba akaretsago dihlogo tse tshela le dihlogo tse tshela tsa Mafapha go tswa dikolong tse tshela. Mekgwa ye meraro e ile ya somiswa go kgoboketsa tshedimoso go tswa go bakgathatema, e lego, dipoledisano tsa motho ka nosi, go ela hloko le go ngwala. Mo nyakisisong ye, nyakisiso ye e ile ya thusa monyakisisi go sekaseka tema ya Hlogo ya Kgoro go tsenya letsogo go thuto ye e atlegilego le go ithuta ka dikolong tsa sekontari. Taodisosengwalo ya taodisosengwalo e be e somiswa go sekaseka dintlha tse di kgobokeditswego. Dinyakisiso tsa nyakisiso ye di utollela mesomo ye mehlano ye megolo ya DHs, e lego, go hloma maano a ngwaga, maano a mosomo le maano a thuto; Go thekga barutisi ka go ruta le go lekola baithuti gabotse, tlhabollo ya profesara le tlhokomelo ya barutisi le baithuti. Dinyakisiso di bontshitse gape ditlhohlo tse supa tse di itemogelwago ke DHs, e lego, mosomo o boima, tlhaelo ya methopo ya go ruta le go ithuta, kgalemo ya baithuti le go hloka thekgo ke batswadi. Dinyakisiso di utolotse maano a mane a go netefatsa go ruta gabotse le go ithuta gabotse, e lego, go hloma leano la go kaonafatsa kharikhulamo, leano la mosomo wa sehlopha, tlhabollo ya seporofesenale le go kgatha tema ga batswadi. Dipoelo tsa nyakisiso ye di tla hlahla DHs go thekga barutisi ka go hloma maano a a atlegilego a ngwaga, maano a mosomo le maano a thuto; Go thusa go tswetsa pele thuto ye e atlegilego, go ithuta, tekolo, tlhabollo ya diprofesenale le go kgatha tema ga batswadi. Mo nyakisisong ye, peakanyo ye e atlegilego ya leano la ngwaga, tlhabollo ya seporofesenale, tekolo ya baithuti, mosomo wa sehlopha, kgodiso ya go kgatha tema ga batswadi le tlhokomelo ya mosomo wa barutisi e a sisinywa. Ditshisinyo tsa go ithuta tse dingwe ka ga karolo ya DH di tla fiwa. Go sisinywa gore nyakisiso ye gape e swanetse go dirwa ka di-circuits tse dingwe ka moka tsa Selete sa Mopani, go fa mohlala, Namakgale, Nkowankowa, Khujwana, Groot Letaba, Giyani, Manómbe le Nsami. Se se tla dira gore go be le kwesiso ye e tseneletsego ya karolo ya DH. Nyakisiso ye e ile ya dira gore go be go na le mokgwa wa go ba le mohola fela. Go dira dinyakisiso tsa ka moso go tla lebelelwa pele ka lebaka la palo ye kgolo ya bakgathatema bao ba ka bago le seabe go hwetsa tshedimoso ye e tseneletsego. Ka kakaretso, thuto ye e tla kaonafatsa tlhahlo ka dikolong.M. Ed. (Education Management)Educational Leadership and Managemen
A user experience framework for business intelligence dashboards : an appreciative inquiry study within an agile software development environment
Get PDFIn South Africa and globally, companies focusing on business optimisation and continuous
improvement have embraced business intelligence for the purpose of decision-making as data are
becoming more readily available. Companies recognise the need for, and importance of, user
experience when interacting with the dashboards to assist users with decision-making and to
enable users to take timely evidence-based actions. It is no longer sufficient only to support users
in achieving their goals by employing basic usability principles; digital products need to provide
an overall positive user experience to be considered successful. Numerous frameworks have been
developed for the user experience of digital systems. However, with the literature emphasizing the
importance of context, those user experience frameworks cannot be transferred to business
intelligence. This dearth of evidence-based business intelligence specific user experience
frameworks comprises the rationale for this study.
The research methodology is comprised of mixed methods as this methodological paradigm aligns
best with the pragmatist and appreciative inquiry research approach. The research design
framework draws on the Affordance Theory, Logic Model and Agile software development
approaches. The context of the study is that of software development in an agile environment in
South Africa. The theoretical research contribution comprises of the validated conceptual
literature-based framework for the user experience of business intelligence dashboards and the
compilation and use of an original research design framework that was utilised to guide the
research. This research study also has value for industry in that it has produced a novel validated
practitioners’ framework that can be used in practice to identify user experience shortcomings and
highlight opportunities for improvement.Ph. D. (Information Systems)School of Computin