21838 research outputs found
Sort by
A dynamic security model for the Fintech ecosystem
No full textThe rapid evolution of financial technologies (Fintech) has brought about transformative opportunities for financial inclusion, innovation, and economic growth. However, these advancements have also led to a significant rise in cybersecurity threats, creating vulnerabilities that undermine stakeholder trust and organizational stability. Existing cybersecurity frameworks often lack the adaptability and robustness required to address the dynamic nature of threats within the Fintech ecosystem. This doctoral research addresses this critical gap by developing a novel dynamic security model tailored specifically for the Fintech ecosystem.
The research employed a design science research methodology to systematically investigate and answer key research questions. Preliminary investigations identified critical security components essential for mitigating risks, preventing vulnerabilities, and ensuring real-time threat detection and response. These components include Identity and Access Management, Automation and Orchestration, Continuous Diagnostics and Mitigation, Risk Assessment, Policy Enforcement, and User Training and Awareness.
Building on these insights, a generic dynamic security model was proposed, emphasizing adaptive mechanisms that enable continuous monitoring, flexible policy enforcement, and proactive threat intelligence integration. A prototyped proof of concept was developed and iteratively refined to demonstrate the practical application of the proposed model. Validation exercises were conducted using qualitative and quantitative data from industry experts and stakeholders within the Fintech ecosystem. Respondents provided comprehensive insights into current challenges, the effectiveness of proposed mechanisms, and the practical implications of the dynamic model in real-world scenarios.
This study’s originality lies in the development of a dynamic, adaptable security framework specifically for Fintech organizations, offering both theoretical and practical contributions to cybersecurity research.
5
The study's findings reveal that the adoption of the dynamic security model significantly enhances the ability of Fintech organizations to respond to evolving cybersecurity threats. By embedding adaptive and real-time security mechanisms throughout the Fintech value chain, organizations can achieve a marked reduction in vulnerabilities and an improvement in overall system resilience. The research concludes that the model is a viable solution for improving Fintech cybersecurity, ultimately fostering trust, operational efficiency, and sustainable growth in the sector.Ph.D. (Information Systems)School of Computin
Evaluation of the effectiveness of the legislative frameworks governing hazardous chemical substances transported by road in South Africa : prioritizing the people and the environment
No full textHazardous chemical substances (HCS) are widely used by industries as raw materials and for finished goods. Industrial growth in South Africa (SA) has resulted in the need for large shipments, especially through road transportation over distances. This has resulted in overwhelming accidents, including the spillage of consignments, fires, emissions and explosions, which have contributed to safety, health and environmental problems. Against this background, the primary aim of the study was to assess how effective the existing South African legislative frameworks were in their objective to protect the environment and human life. The study was undertaken through the multi-method approach that follows various forms of qualitative data, by sourcing data from case studies and qualitative questionnaires. Purposive and random sampling techniques were used for gathering both primary and secondary data whereas random sampling was utilised to select participants, decided cases, spillage incidents reports or newspaper articles relevant to the subject matter. The HAMPERRA Criterion method was used, and the results were compared to the internationally accepted 3 Point Likert scale.
The results indicate that HAMPERRA Criterion Method fully met the reliability and accuracy criterion but partially met the efficiency criterion. These were identified in alphabets M, P and R1 of HAMPERRA. These findings suggest that while the HAMPERRA Criterion Method is reliable, it requires some improvement in terms of accuracy and efficiency.
The findings of the study were that even though most of the respondents in this study indicated their awareness of the laws meant to protect human life and the environment during the transportation of hazardous chemical substances in South Africa, a significant correlation existed between certain professions and a strong understanding of the legislative frameworks that govern the transportation hazardous chemical substances. The levels of education did not show a strong positive correlation with the knowledge of legislative frameworks regulating the transportation of hazardous chemicals.
The South African legislative frameworks are moderately effective in achieving justice for protecting the society and the environment. Justice is partially being achieved as infringements are penalized only in a few cases. The effectiveness of regulatory
frameworks was found to be dependent on the country’s legal systems and influenced by political will and adequate policy development. The findings also revealed the limitations of the legislative frameworks such as overlapping mandates, incoherent laws, duplication, fragmentation, lack of enforcement and conflicting regulatory functions. Inadequate funding, lack of communication, lack of training, lack of integration and poor governance were identified as the key contributing factors to the implementation deficiencies. However, the study found that provisions in the Revised White Paper on National Transport Policy (2021) offer some prospects that may address some of the limitations within the reviewed legislative frameworks.
The study emphasises the need to impose stricter government regulations to control the transportation of dangerous goods and HCS to reduce the potential disasters occurring and to place effective measures in dealing with incidents. It further points out intergovernmental matters, joint responsibilities with various other governments, concurrent functions and the need for the devolution of powers. Further recommendations include the idea that training should be enforced to meet the legislative requirements of Chapter V and Chapter VIII of the National Road Traffic Act, Act 93 of 1996 and the relevant National Standards.D. Phil. (Environmental Management)Environmental Science
A framework for adopting artificial intelligence in the South African banking industry
No full textThis doctoral thesis addresses a current information systems business leadership problem, the adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) in South African banking industry. Adoption of AI in the banking industry is a transformative journey that enhances efficiency, customer service, and affords competitive advantage. The thesis does not focus on any specific type but AI as a holistic. Rather, it explores and describes adoption of AI, as an information system, at an industry vertical level. Information systems (IS) literature often addresses adoption at either an individual level, organisational level or industry level. Whereas, each level of analysis presents its own myriad complexities. The addressed research problem was that existing literature or prior studies had not adequately tackled the contextual complexities. This is predicated on the reality that, as a social phenomenon, the banking industry and the IS innovation adoption process thereof are contextually different from other industries. That is, existing literature provides various innovation adoption frameworks, but those were not specifically tailored to the unique dynamics of the South African banking industry. This thesis bridged that knowledge gap.
To address the predicated business leadership research problem, the goal of the study was to conceptualise a framework for adopting AI, in the context of South African Banking industry. In exploring and describing this phenomenon, varied theoretical lenses namely the Diffusion of Innovation theory, Upper Echelon, Institutional Theory, and Resource Based View were triangulated to tackle the various aspects of the AI adoption process. The research methodology took an interpretivism stance, using a case study as the research strategy, and banking organisation as the unit of analysis. Primary data was sourced from semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders. The sourced data were subsequently analysed per thematic framework analysis technique. Informed by the interpretations of findings, a framework was conceptualised.
The thesis’ original contribution to the body of knowledge is an informed comprehension of the complex interrelationships and intricacies existing within the social phenomenon, and this is described through a contextualised framework for the adoption of artificial intelligence, in the banking industry. Methodologically, the thesis contributes by deeming an interpretivism philosophy as an appropriate paradigm to understand the intricacies of AI adoption. Practically, the thesis contributes by informing professionals and practitioners with ways to appropriately adopt artificial intelligence, notably in South African banking. Contextually, the thesis contributes by providing an understanding of the uniqueness of South Africa, AI adoption, and the banking industry.D.B.L.Business Managemen
Diagnostic and Prescriptive Prophecy in African Independent Churches: A Distinct Ritual Healing Process.
Get PDFAfrican Independent Churches express Christianity in the African context through divine healing.
Hence, divine healing is popular among these churches. This article uses the ritual healing process as a
theoretical framework to assess the role of prophecy in African Independent Churches. The argument is
that both diagnostic and prescriptive prophecies are used in these churches as part of the divine healing
process differently than mainstream Christianity, traditional healing, and modern medicine. Therefore, the
African Independent Churches, unlike mainstream Christianity, do not confine divine healing only to
conventional methods such as laying on of hands, but also include other rituals through diagnostic and
prescriptive prophecies. The research objectives were achieved by providing background to the ritual
healing process as a theoretical framework for the study. The diagnostic prophecy was discussed as part of
the healing process in the African Independent Churches. Similarly, the prescriptive prophecy concerning
the healing process was discussed. The aim is to demonstrate that both diagnostic and prescriptive
prophecies are part of the ritual healing process in the African Independent Churches, which makes the
latter have a distinctive healing process when compared to mainstream Christianity, traditional healing,
and, to a certain extent, modern medicine. Data was collected by reviewing the literature on ritual healing
and prophecies in the African Independent Churches. A case study evaluated ritual healing in churches
such as Zion Christian Church, Saint John Apostolic Faith Mission, and the International Pentecost Holiness
Church. The findings are that African Independent Churches do rely on diagnostic prophecy to trace the
root cause of the problem but that such a prophecy and prescriptions should be differentiated from
divination and other traditional healing methods.Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiolog
An exploration of modus operandi as an investigative technique in ritual murders in the Vhembe District, South Africa
No full textSouth Africa is known for its high levels of crime where perpetuation of violence is a factor behind many forms of crime in the country. Law enforcement agencies are grappling to contain murder. Ritualistic murder is one of many forms of murder incidents which is under reported. Moreover, this murder is not committed spontaneously but carefully planned which can be attributed to its motive and uniqueness of its execution. This type of murder is common to Vhembe District of Limpopo Province. Thus, the Vhembe District is the chosen geographic area for the study.
Studies prove that ritualistic murder is a centuries old phenomenon. However, little is known about this type of murder. The scarcity of ritualist murder knowledge makes it one of the crimes which is hard to solve and many incidents end with only the report of a missing person who is never found and as such the crime incident remains unresolved. The modus operandi (MO) of ritualistic murder was explored as a technique or key hint to the investigation of the crime. The study had been conducted by following a qualitative research approach. Data was collected empirically with semi- structured interviews as tools utilised to gather data. Literature was also explored on the research topic with a focus on local, other African and international countries.
Sources of data consulted for this study is from the people and community which has the first-hand experience of the scourge of ritualistic murder. Hence, participants were selected using judgemental sampling. After all efforts and application of scientific methods chosen for the study, it was established that ritualistic murder as a phenomenon is a reality both locally and internationally. Exploration of the MO has revealed that ritualistic murder is a crime committed in an organised manner. Multiple methods and motives for picking specific victims were found to be an interesting part of the MO for this crime. The exploration of the MO resulted in recommending various critical hints with the potential to resolve the crime including among others; close relatives and friends of the victim, telecommunications service provider, use of digital investigative analysis, use of various scientific professionals such as Entomologists, Pathologists, Odontologists and more.M.A. (Criminal Justice, specialisation in Forensic Science and Technology)Police Practic
End-User Compliance with Information Security Policy Framework for Government Departments in South Africa
No full textN/AThe primary cause of security breaches in private and public organi-zations is employee non-adherence to information security policies. This research aims to develop a framework for end-user compliance with information security policies in government departments. A consolidated framework that integrates all the factors that influence end-user compliance with information security poli-cies will help organizations and security managers realize all the elements that affect information security compliance. The study applied a systematic literature review using the PRISMA protocol to identify the factors and the components that will contribute to the development of the framework. Subsequently, this enables organizations to tailor their strategies and interventions to address specific chal-lenges, thereby increasing the likelihood of successful end-user compliance with information security policies.N/
An evocative-analytical autoethnology of a self-employed South African psychotherapist during COVID-19
No full textText in English with abstracts in Tswana and ZuluPsychotherapy research has demonstrated that the psychotherapist's personal life is relevant to their professional capacity and development. However, this phenomenon remains poorly understood, especially in the context of a global disaster such as COVID-19. Additionally, the embodied voices of psychotherapists are largely disenfranchised as they pertain to psychotherapists’ lived experiences of personal crises. Labelled a pandemic in March 2020, the global disaster of COVID-19 had devastating effects, which extended beyond physical pathology. The various viral mitigation measures, such as lockdowns and other social restrictions, caused profound unnatural social disruption to daily life worldwide. The upheaval impacted psychotherapists’ personal lives, subsequently placing them in an invidious, vulnerable position with potential implications for their professional long-term development. This thesis explored the private life of a South African psychotherapist in private practice during the COVID-19 crisis. It positioned the psychotherapist within the culture of professional peers, including the pervasive, unrealistic personas, grand narratives, myths and implicit expectations inherent within that culture. Underpinned by a constructionist/interpretivist epistemology, the researcher adopted a blended evocative-analytical autoethnography research strategy. This research genre allowed for the construction of extensive evocative-analytical narrative vignettes coupled with self-reflections of the researcher. The vignettes largely comprised a dialogue between the researcher and a life-long friend, capturing a specific personal crisis he was confronted with the COVID-19 disaster. Subsequently, using narrative analysis, the vignettes were analysed to provide a concise, holistic theoretical framework of the private experiences of a psychotherapist during COVID-19. Comprising four domains, namely social, Psychotherapy research has demonstrated that the psychotherapist's personal life is relevant to their professional capacity and development. However, this phenomenon remains poorly understood, especially in the context of a global disaster such as COVID-19. Additionally, the embodied voices of psychotherapists are largely disenfranchised as they pertain to psychotherapists’ lived experiences of personal crises. Labelled a pandemic in March 2020, the global disaster of COVID-19 had devastating effects, which extended beyond physical pathology. The various viral mitigation measures, such as lockdowns and other social restrictions, caused profound unnatural social disruption to daily life worldwide. The upheaval impacted psychotherapists’ personal lives, subsequently placing them in an invidious, vulnerable position with potential implications for their professional long-term development. This thesis explored the private life of a South African psychotherapist in private practice during the COVID-19 crisis. It positioned the psychotherapist within the culture of professional peers, including the pervasive, unrealistic personas, grand narratives, myths and implicit expectations inherent within that culture. Underpinned by a constructionist/interpretivist epistemology, the researcher adopted a blended evocative-analytical autoethnography research strategy. This research genre allowed for the construction of extensive evocative-analytical narrative vignettes coupled with self-reflections of the researcher. The vignettes largely comprised a dialogue between the researcher and a life-long friend, capturing a specific personal crisis he was confronted with the COVID-19 disaster. Subsequently, using narrative analysis, the vignettes were analysed to provide a concise, holistic theoretical framework of the private experiences of a psychotherapist during COVID-19. Comprising four domains, namely social, psychological-emotional, existential, and physical, this framework may serve as a useful theory for understanding psychotherapists’ personal experiences in other crises. Additionally, a prospective psychotherapist storytelling supervision group was designed as a potential means by which the theoretical framework can be applied in real-world settings for professional psychotherapists. Underpinned by two current theoretical models, The Psychotherapist Cyclical Model of Development and Stagnation (Rønnestad & Skovholt., 2013) and the Person-of-the-Therapist Training Model (Aponte, 2016), this supervision group offers a substantive means in which the researcher’s proposed theoretical framework can be meaningfully implemented to assist practising psychotherapists navigate their personal circumstances, including both personal and collective crises.Lipatlisiso tsa Psychotherapy li bontšitse hore bophelo ba psychotherapist bo amana le bokhoni ba bona ba setsebi le tsoelo-pele. Leha ho le joalo, ketsahalo ena e lula e sa utloisisoe hantle, haholo maemong a koluoa ea lefats'e joalo ka COVID-19. Ho feta moo, mantsoe a kenyelletsoeng a litsebi tsa kelello ha a na tokelo ea ho hlalosoa e le a amanang le liphihlelo tse phelang tsa litsebi tsa kelello tse nang le mathata a botho. E phatlalalitse seoa ka Hlakubele 2020, seoa sa lefats'e sa COVID-19 se bile le litlamorao tse bohloko, tse fetang ho kula 'meleng. Mehato e fapaneng ea ho fokotsa kokoana-hloko, joalo ka li-Lockdown le lithibelo tse ling tsa sechaba, li bakile tšitiso e kholo bophelong ba letsatsi le letsatsi lefatšeng ka bophara. Tšitiso ena e ile ea ama bophelo ba litsebi tsa kelello, ka mor'a moo ea ba beha sebakeng se sa bonahaleng, se tlokotsing se nang le liphello tse ka 'nang tsa e-ba teng bakeng sa tsoelo-pele ea bona ea nako e telele. Thesis ena e ile ea hlahloba bophelo ba lekunutu ba setsebi sa kelello sa Afrika Boroa boithutong ba lekunutu nakong ea seoa sa COVID-19. E ile ea beha setsebi sa kelello ka har'a setso sa lithaka tsa litsebi, ho kenyelletsa le litebello tse atileng, tse iqapetsoeng, tsa lipale, tsa litšōmo, le tse hlakileng tsa moetlo oo. E tšehetsoa ke setsebi sa kaho / toloko, mofuputsi o ile a nka leano la ho etsa lipatlisiso ka mokhoa o tsoakiloeng oa autoethnography. Mofuta ona oa lipatlisiso o ile oa lumella ho aha li-vignette tse pharaletseng tsa pale e tsamaeang le maikutlo a mofuputsi. Li-vignette li ne li kenyelletsa puisano lipakeng tsa mofuputsi le motsoalle oa bophelo bohle, ho hapa koluoa e itseng eo a neng a tobane le eona nakong ea seoa sa COVID-19. Kamora moo, ho sebelisoa tlhahlobo ea nalane, li-vignette li ile tsa hlahlojoa ho fana ka moralo o khuts'oane, oa mohopolo bakeng sa liphihlelo tsa lekunutu tsa psychotherapist nakong ea COVID-19. E na le litekanyo tse 'nè, e leng tsa sechaba, tsa kelello-maikutlo, tse teng, le tsa' mele, moralo ona o ka sebetsa e le moralo o
11
molemo oa ho utloisisa liphihlelo tsa botho tsa psychotherapist maqakabetsing a mang. Ho feta moo, sehlopha sa batho se lebelletsoeng ho ba le taolo holim'a pale ea setsebi sa kelello se ile sa ntlafatsoa e le mokhoa o sebetsang oo ka oona moralo oa khopolo-taba o ka sebelisoang maemong a sebele a lefats'e bakeng sa litsebi tsa kelello tsa litsebi. E tšehetsoa ke mehlala e 'meli ea morao-rao ea theory, The Psychotherapist Cyclical Model of Development and Stagnation (Rønnestad & Skovholt., 2013) le Person-of-the-Therapist Training Model (Aponte, 2016), moralo ona o fana ka mokhoa o matla oa hore bafuputsi ba thuse litsebi tsa kelello ho phethahatsa moelelo oa phekolo ea kelello. sheba maemo a bona a botho, ho kenyeletsoa mathata a botho le a sehlopha.Ucwaningo lwe-Psychotherapy lubonise ukuthi impilo ye-psychotherapist ihlobene nekhono labo lobuchwepheshe kanye nentuthuko. Kodwa-ke, lesi simo sihlala singaqondakali kahle, ikakhulukazi esimweni senhlekelele yomhlaba wonke efana ne-COVID-19. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amagama afakiwe ochwepheshe bezengqondo akufanele ahunyushwe ngokuthi ahlobene nesipiliyoni esiphilayo sezazi zokusebenza kwengqondo ezinezinkinga zobuntu. Kwamenyezelwa ubhubhane ngoMashi 2020, ubhubhane lomhlaba wonke lwe-COVID-19 lube nemiphumela ebuhlungu, ngaphezu kokugula ngokomzimba. Izinyathelo ezahlukahlukene zokunciphisa ukusabalala kwaleli gciwane, njengokuvalwa kwezindawo kanye neminye imikhawulo yezenhlalo, kudale ukuphazamiseka okukhulu empilweni yansuku zonke emhlabeni jikelele. Lokhu kuphazamiseka kuthinte izimpilo zezazi zokusebenza kwengqondo, okwababeka endaweni engabonakali, esengozini enemiphumela engase ibe khona ekukhuleni kwabo isikhathi eside. Le thesis yahlola impilo yangasese yesazi sokusebenza kwengqondo saseNingizimu Afrika emsebenzini wangasese ngesikhathi sodlame lwe-COVID-19. Kubeke isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo ngaphakathi kwesiko lontanga abangochwepheshe, okuhlanganisa okuvame kakhulu, okuqanjiwe, okunenganekwane, okunenganekwane, nokucacile okulindelwe kwalelo siko. Esekelwa umakhi/umhumushi, umcwaningi wamukele isu locwaningo lwe-autoethnography oluxubile. Lolu hlobo locwaningo luvumele ukwakhiwa kwama-vignettes alandisayo ahambisana nokuqaphelisisa komcwaningi. Ama-vignette afaka phakathi ingxoxo phakathi komcwaningi nomngane wempilo yakhe yonke, ethwebula inkinga ethile ayebhekene nayo ngesikhathi sodlame lwe-COVID-19. Kamuva, kusetshenziswa ukuhlaziywa komlando, ama-vignettes ahlaziywa ukuze kunikezwe uhlaka olufushane, lomqondo wezinto eziyimfihlo ze-psychotherapist phakathi ne-
13
COVID-19. Ihlanganisa izinhlangothi ezine, okuyizenhlalo, ezengqondo-ngokomzwelo, ezikhona, nezomzimba, lolu hlaka lungasebenza njengohlaka oluwusizo lokuqonda okuhlangenwe nakho komuntu siqu kodokotela bengqondo kwezinye izimo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iqembu labantu okulindeleke ukuthi libe nokulawula ukulandisa kwesazi sokusebenza kwengqondo lathuthukiswa njengendlela engokoqobo lapho uhlaka lwetiyetha lungasetshenziswa ezimweni zomhlaba wangempela zochwepheshe bezengqondo. Isekelwe amamodeli amabili akamuva etiyetha, i-Psychotherapist Cyclical Model of Development and Stagnation (Rønnestad & Skovholt., 2013) kanye nePerson-of-the-Therapist Training Model (Aponte, 2016), lolu hlaka luhlinzeka ngendlela enamandla kubacwaningi ukusiza izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo ukuthi zifeze incazelo yokwelashwa kwengqondo. bheka izimo zabo zomuntu siqu, kuhlanganise nezinkinga zomuntu siqu nezeqembu.Ph.D (Psychology)Psycholog
Water Equity: The South African Case
Get PDFThis commentary introduces the concept of ‘water equity’ and examines
its role in promoting equality and equity in South Africa’s water
resources management. The concept assumes that equality and equity
are achieved through human rights and social justice and that these
two approaches constitute ‘water equity’. In South Africa, the human
right to water addresses both human and environmental needs. Social
justice is upheld through distributive equity, the allocation of water,
and procedural equity, the decentralized participation in water management.
The authors argue that focusing on access to water for basic
needs is insufficient to alleviate inequality and inequity. Instead, water
equity promotes the adoption of both the human rights and social
justice approaches. The South African case underscores the interdependence
of three suggested pillars of water equity: human rights,
social justice, and context. Failure to uphold one pillar unavoidably
results in failure in another, perpetuating inequalities and inequities.Political Science
Derivation and validation of a clinical predictive model for longer duration diarrhea among pediatric patients in Kenya using machine learning algorithms
No full textAbstract Background Despite the adverse health outcomes associated with longer duration diarrhea (LDD), there are currently no clinical decision tools for timely identification and better management of children with increased risk. This study utilizes machine learning (ML) to derive and validate a predictive model for LDD among children presenting with diarrhea to health facilities. Methods LDD was defined as a diarrhea episode lasting ≥ 7 days. We used 7 ML algorithms to build prognostic models for the prediction of LDD among children < 5 years using de-identified data from Vaccine Impact on Diarrhea in Africa study (N = 1,482) in model development and data from Enterics for Global Health Shigella study (N = 682) in temporal validation of the champion model. Features included demographic, medical history and clinical examination data collected at enrolment in both studies. We conducted split-sampling and employed K-fold cross-validation with over-sampling technique in the model development. Moreover, critical predictors of LDD and their impact on prediction were obtained using an explainable model agnostic approach. The champion model was determined based on the area under the curve (AUC) metric. Model calibrations were assessed using Brier, Spiegelhalter’s z-test and its accompanying p-value. Results There was a significant difference in prevalence of LDD between the development and temporal validation cohorts (478 [32.3%] vs 69 [10.1%]; p < 0.001). The following variables were associated with LDD in decreasing order: pre-enrolment diarrhea days (55.1%), modified Vesikari score(18.2%), age group (10.7%), vomit days (8.8%), respiratory rate (6.5%), vomiting (6.4%), vomit frequency (6.2%), rotavirus vaccination (6.1%), skin pinch (2.4%) and stool frequency (2.4%). While all models showed good prediction capability, the random forest model achieved the best performance (AUC [95% Confidence Interval]: 83.0 [78.6–87.5] and 71.0 [62.5–79.4]) on the development and temporal validation datasets, respectively. While the random forest model showed slight deviations from perfect calibration, these deviations were not statistically significant (Brier score = 0.17, Spiegelhalter p-value = 0.219). Conclusions Our study suggests ML derived algorithms could be used to rapidly identify children at increased risk of LDD. Integrating ML derived models into clinical decision-making may allow clinicians to target these children with closer observation and enhanced management
Morphological patterns of integration of loanwords and calques in EkeGusii : a case of language reconstruction
No full textThis study provides insights into the way loanwords and calques are morphologically integrated into EkeGusii. The study identifies loanwords and calques in EkeGusii and explains language reconstruction. The study also establishes morphological rules that govern the patterns of integration of loanwords and calques into EkeGusii. Paradigm-based approaches to morphological analysis are used to collect loanwords and calques from 159 bilingual EkeGusii native speakers through interview schedules, focus group discussions, research assistants and the online/offline questionnaires. Data analysis is based on the data elicited from the various sources. The study adopts the word-based morphology hypothesis proposed by Aronoff (1976). The study also provides insights into how morphological processes of integrating loanwords and calques satisfy the phonological constraint of the language. Syllables that do not meet the syllable structural requirement of the language have to be repaired in order to conform. In integrating the noun into EkeGusii the word formation rules of the language are followed. Also, word order, inflections permissible to occur or possible derivations have to be taken into consideration. This puts grammatical well -formedness at the centre of morphological integration of loanwords and calques into EkeGusii. Integrating the verb and verb phrase (VP) into EkeGusii is characterised by embedding the light verb in the main verb. The light verb usually has no semantic content but the main verb in EkeGusii denotes action, state of being as well as process. Ekegusii tense which is a morphological process falls within the tripartite division of present, past and future. Loanwords and calques adopted into EkeGusii are integrated into the tense pattern of EkeGusii dichotomy. Aspectual morphemes in EkeGusii are attached at the beginning of the main verb and calques entering into the language follow the same structure. However, grammatical borrowing in some sense incorporates foreign rules, but the new words are adjusted unconsciously to the pronunciation pattern of EkeGusii. The recipient language gets enriched while at the same time part of its lexicon is rendered obsolete in the case of contact induced language change which ends up reconstructing EkeGusii.PhD. (African Languages)African Language