21838 research outputs found
Sort by
Strengthening of internal controls to ensure compliance with the Local Government Municipal Financial Management Act no 56 of 2003 in municipalities : case of the City of Tshwane municipality
No full textAbstracts in English, Tswana and XhosaThe internal control is a critical component of financial management in all municipalities in order to improve transparency and accountability in local government. However, the City of Tshwane Municipality (hereinunder referred to as CoT Municipality) also does not fully comply with the Municipal Financial Management Act No 56 of 2003 (hereinunder referred to as MFMA) requirements. As required by Section 63(2)(c) of the MFMA, the CoT Municipality) does not take all reasonable steps to ensure that it has an adequate system of internal controls. The aim of the study was to investigate the challenges facing the implementation of internal controls to ensure compliance with the MFMA in municipalities with reference to the case of the CoT Municipality.
The qualitative research methodology was used, and the study followed the interpretivism philosophy. The phenomenology research strategy and case study strategy were used for capturing an in-depth understanding of challenges facing the CoT Municipality in implementing internal controls to ensure compliance with the MFMA. The target population for this study was all 24 municipal finance management team of the CoT Municipality. After conducting 12 semi-structured interviews, this study concluded that data saturation had been reached.
The research found that effective financial management leadership is a challenge for the CoT Municipality. The study also revealed that the CoT Municipality faces difficulties in implementing effective internal control systems for financial reporting quality. Further, the research discovered that the CoT Municipality faces challenges in implementing an effective MFMA framework that emphasises the prevention of unauthorised expenditure. Therefore, the study recommends that the CoT Municipality should have a strong financial management leadership. The study also recommends that the CoT Municipality ensure that internal control systems are an important input to financial reporting quality. It is significant that the CoT Municipality has an effective framework emphasising the prevention of unauthorized spending. As this study focused on the municipal finance management team of the CoT Municipality, quantitative research with a large number of research participants would be beneficial.Tsenyotirisong ya mekgwataolo ya mo setheong – e e leng karolwana ya botlhokwa ya taolo le tsamaiso ya ditšhelete mo bommasepaleng botlhe – e e oketsang tiriso e e seng bofitlha ya ditšhelete le boikarabedi mo pusoselegaeng. Le fa go ntse jalo, Mmasepala wa City of Tshwane, ga o latele melawana ya Molao wa Taolo le Tsamaiso ya Ditšhelete tsa Mmasepala (MFMA), segolo bogolo Karolo 63(2)(c), e e laolelang mmasepala go tsaya dikgato tsotlhe tse di utlwalang go tsenya tirisong le go tsweletsa mokgwatsamaiso o o lekaneng wa mekgwataolo ya mo setheong. Maikaelelomagolo a thutopatlisiso eno e ne e le go sekaseka dikgwetlho tse di kgoreletsang bommasepala go tsenya tirisong mekgwataolo ya go nna jalo gonne e leka go tsamaisana le melawana ya MFMA, ka tsepamiso mo Mmasepaleng wa City of Tshwane. Ka ntlha ya seno, motlhotlhomisi o dirisitse mokgwa wa go kgobokanya le go sekaseka tshedimosetso e e seng ya dipalo a ikaegile ka filosofi ya tlhotlhomiso e e sekasekang maitemogelo a batho, mme o dirisitse togamaano ya tlhotlhomiso e e lekang go tlhaloganya maemo a batho ka nosi ba a itemogelang le patlisiso e e tseneletseng e e dirwang mo maemong a mmatota go kgona go tlhaloganya mo go tseneletseng dikgwetlho tse mmasepala o lebaneng natso malebana le kobamelo ya MFMA. Batho ba ba neng ba totilwe mo thutopatlisisong ba ne ba akaretsa maloko otlhe a le 24 a setlhopha sa taolo le tsamaiso ya ditšhelete tsa mmasepala. Morago ga go dira dipotsolotso di le 12 tse go boditsweng dipotso tse di se nang dikarabo tse di rileng, go ne ga fitlhelelwa maemo a go sa tlholeng go na le tshedimosetso epe e ntšha e e ka kgobokanngwang. Diphitlhelelo di senotse gore mmasepala ono o itemogela dikgoreletsi tsa go tsweletsa ketapele mo taolong le tsamaiso e e nonofileng ya ditšhelete, le mo go tsenyeng tirisong mekgwataolo e e nonofileng go oketsa tiriso e e siameng ya pegelo ya one ya ditšhelete. Mo godimo ga moo, go fitlhetswe gore mmasepala o itemogela mathata ka kamogelo le tsenyotirisong ya letlhomeso le le nonofileng la MFMA le le ikaelelang go thibela tiriso e e sa rebolelwang ya ditšhelete. Ka jalo, go atlanegisiwa gore mmasepala o tiise boetapele jwa one jwa taolo le tsamaiso ya ditšhelete, le mekgwataolo ya one, go neela pegelo ya
maemogodimo ya ditšhelete. Gape, mmasepala o tshwanetse go tlhama letlhomeso le le nonofileng go khutlisa tiriso e e sa rebolelwang ya ditšhelete. Ka ntlha ya gore porojeke eno e ne e tsepamisitse fela mo setlhopheng sa balaodi le batsamaisi ba ditšhelete sa mmasepala o o rileng, go ka nna botlhokwa go dira tlhotlhomiso e e ka ga dipalo ka go dirisa palo e ntsi ya batho ba ba ka tsayang karolo mo thutopatlisisong.Ukusetyenziswa kolawulo lwangaphakathi – nto leyo iyinxalenye engundoqo yolawulo lwezimali kubo bonke oomasipala – kunceda ekuphuculeni ukusebenza okungenamfihlo nokuphendulela izenzo kuburhulumente beendawo. Noxa kunjalo, uMasipala Wesixeko saseTshwane, (City of Tshwane Municipality) awufikeleli kuzo zonke iimfuno zoMthetho Wolawulo Lweemali ZooMasipala (Municipal Finance Management Act – MFMA), ngakumbi Icandelo 63(2)(c), eligunyazisa ukuba umasipala athathe onke amanyathelo okuqinisekisa ukuba kukho ulawulo lwangaphakathi oluluqilima. Injongo engundoqo yesi sifundo yayikukuphoononga imingeni ephazamisa ukusetyenziswa kolawulo loomasipala njengoko ezo ndlela zolawulo zazisenzelwa ukuthobela izimiselo zeMFMA, kugxininiswa ngakumbi kuMasipala Wesixeko saseTshwane. Ukufezekisa le njongo, umphandi wasebenzisa indlela yophando ngokuzathuza esekelwe kwifilosofi yokutolika ngokweemeko zentlalo. Kusetyenziswe kwakhona icebo lophando lefinominoloji nezifundo ezingumzekelo ngeemeko ezenzekayo, injongo ikukufumana ulwazi olunzulu ngemingeni ejongene nomasipala malunga nokuthobela iMFMA. Iqela ekuphandwe kulo ibingawo onke amalungu agama-24 olawulo lwezimali. Emva kokuqhuba iindliwano ndlebe ezili-12 ezingaqingqwanga ngqongqo, lwafumaneka lonke ulwazi oludingekayo. Kwafumaniseka ukuba lo masipala ufumana izithintelo kumsebenzi wawo wokukhokela isimo sezimali ngokufezekileyo, nasekuqhubeni iinkqubo zolawulo lwangaphakathi ezisebenza kakuhle ngenjongo zokuphakamisa umgangatho wokunika ingxelo ngezoqoqosho. Ngaphezulu, kwafumaniseka ukuba umasipala utsala nzima ekulandeleni isakhelo seMFMA esisebenzayo nesijolise ekuthinteleni ukusetyenziswa kwemali ingagunyaziswanga. Ngoko ke, kucetyiswa ukuba umasipala aqinise ubunkokheli bakhe kulawulo lwemali neenkqubo zolawulo zangaphakathi, ukwenzela ukuphucula ukunika ingxelo ngezoqoqosho. Ngaphaya koko, umasipala makaqulunqe isakhelo esisebenza kakuhle sokuthintela ukusetyenziswa kwemali ingagunyaziswanga. Njengoko olu phando lwalugxile kuphela kwiqela lolawulo lwemali kumasipala othile, ukuqhuba uphando lokuzathuza kubathathi nxaxheba abaninzi kungaba luncedo.M.A. (Public Administration)Public Administration and Managemen
Psychology and the question of radical democracy
No full textThroughout its history, capitalism has undertaken its extractive, imperial, and expropriative
operations under the sign of democracy. Psychology has played a part in the ideological
consolidation of capitalist democracy, adapting people to this system while also legitimising it.
However, what of radical democracy as an always-contested grassroots organisational form that
stands in opposition to both capitalism and the capitalist co-optation of democracy? Radical
democracy of this sort remains a psychologically fraught function of anticapitalist resistance, one
that has the potential to produce fracturing among comrades building such democracy. In this
article, I consider how critical psychologists can work with those undertaking the difficult work
of building radical democracy into political and quotidian life. I consider what critical psychology
praxis could mean for those practicing radical democracy and how critical psychology might
reconstitute itself through radically democratic formations.Institute for Social and Health Studies (ISHS
Remoteness in the category of locales
No full textThis thesis is concerned with the study of remote sublocales which are a pointfree version of
remote subsets which we de ne using van Mill's de nition of a remote collection. Unlike in van
Mill's case though, the remote sublocales and remote subsets in this thesis do not necessarily
need to be closed and no separation axioms are imposed on locales and spaces. We characterize
both of these concepts and further show that in a T1-space, the collection of isolated points is
the largest remote subset of the space. Using the motivation that remote points were initially
introduced with respect to a dense subspace of the Stone- Cech compacti cation, we introduce
and study properties of some versions of remote sublocales called remote (resp. remote) from
a dense sublocale.
We also examine localic maps that preserve and re
ect remote sublocales and their versions.
We prove that the localic maps whose image functions send remote sublocales to remote
sublocales are precisely those with weakly open left adjoints. We also use the result about the
re
ection of remote sublocales to prove that the Booleanization of a locale is the largest remote
sublocale of the locale, a result with no pointset topological counterpart. For the preservation
and re
ection of sublocales that are remote from dense sublocales, we use the Stone extension,
realcompact re
ector and the Lindel of re
ector as particular cases.
Veksler de ned a maximal nowhere dense subset of a Tychono space as a closed nowhere
dense subset which is not a nowhere dense subset of any closed nowhere dense subset of the
space; it is called homogeneous maximal nowhere dense in case all of its regular-closed subsets
are maximal nowhere dense in the space. We introduce pointfree versions of (homogeneous) maximal nowhere dense subsets and examine a relationship between the introduced sublocales
and remote sublocales where we show, among other results, that every closed nowhere dense
sublocale which is remote from its supplement is maximal nowhere dense. Regarding preservation
and re
ection of (homogeneous) maximal nowhere dense sublocales, we show that every
open localic map that sends dense elements to dense elements preserves and re
ects maximal
nowhere dense sublocales, and if such a localic map is further injective, then it sends
homogeneous maximal nowhere dense sublocales back and forth.
In the category of bilocales, we provide a comprehensive study of (i; j)-nowhere dense sublocales and subsequently introduce (i; j)-remote sublocales and prove that the (i; j)-remote
sublocales of a bilocale whose i-part coincides with the total part of the bilocale are precisely
the sublocales that are (i; j)-remote from dense subbilocales. For a bilocale (L; L1; L2), we
introduce and study the sublocale RemBL which is the collection of all elements of L inducing
the closed (i; j)-remote sublocales of L.D. Phil. (Mathematics)Mathematical Science
Göbekli Tepe – Neolithic Temple or Monolithic slaughterhouse?
No full textGöbekli Tepe is an ancient site in upper Mesopotamia recognised as an artificial mound by K Schmidt in 1994. Circles comprising large monolithic stones, described as T-pillars, were interpreted by Schmidt as ‘monumental’ and he identified the site as a sanctuary. This theory was expanded upon by numerous academics and others and soon Göbekli Tepe became known as a ritualistic centre or even a religious site or temple. The prevailing interpretation may be challenged on the premise that the construction of Göbekli Tepe had a different purpose altogether, a premise supported by environmental, geographical, archaeological and anthropological evidence, hence the topic of this proposal: was Göbekli Tepe indeed a Neolithic temple or simply a utilitarian construction used for something as mundane as a monolithic slaughterhouse, a circular building constructed of large pillars and used for the slaughter of animals and concomitant activities?M.A. (Ancient Near Eastern Studies)School of Art
Developing a model that integrates the student relationship management system with a telephone information system to support UNISA distance students
No full textThis research study aims to develop a model that integrates a SRM system with a TIS to enhance student support services for UNISA distance students. The increasing number of distance learners and their diverse needs necessitate the implementation of effective technological solutions to improve communication and support. The study explores the current challenges faced by UNISA call-centre consultants when using the SRM system and proposes a model that integrates the SRM system and the TIS to address these challenges. The study revealed the potential benefits of integrating the SRM system and the TIS, including improved access to information, enhanced communication channels and more efficient query handling.
The research methodology employed qualitative interviews with call-centre consultants involved in student support within the administrative support environment of UNISA. The study is underpinned by a relativist ontology that acknowledges multiple realities shaped by individual perspectives and experiences. This philosophical stance aligns with qualitative research and emphasises the importance of understanding context and subjectivity when exploring complex phenomena. Results were analysed using the thematic analysis six-step process. This highlighted the key challenges faced by call-centre consultants, such as difficulties in accessing relevant information, delays in receiving feedback on escalated complex student enquiries and inadequate options provided by the SRM system. A statistical analysis of call-centre telephone trends was also undertaken to examine the extent in which the SRM system has been utilised to support students.
The integrated findings led to the development of ten themes for the study from which the model was developed. The proposed model integrates the SRM system with the TIS to provide a seamless and comprehensive support system for distance students.
It includes instituting system and relationship procedures in the call-centre department. This integration would allow for an efficient handling of queries and improved communication with students. The model emphasises the importance of call-centre staff training to ensure effective implementation and utilisation of the integrated system while leveraging on the importance of technology in establishing efficient communication channels to improve support services and enhance the overall student experience. The model provides a roadmap to distance education universities and institutions wishing to implement similar integrated systems to address the unique challenges faced by distance students.D. Phil. (Education (Curriculum Studies))Curriculum and Instructional Studie
Unlocking academic excellence: The journey of online tutors at a distance learning institution in South Africa
No full textThis study set out to assess the efficacy of an online tutoring programme at a large distance education institution in South Africa based on lecturers’ evaluations. Online-tutoring or e-tutoring has emerged as a prominent educational support system, particularly in the context of online and distance learning. Understanding how lecturers perceive the effectiveness of e-tutoring is crucial for improving and optimizing this mode of instructional support. The study employed a quantitative research approach, utilizing online questionnaires as data collection instruments. The questionnaires focused on capturing the lecturers' assessments on the advantages, challenges, and overall effectiveness of e-tutoring services in facilitating student learning. Statistical methods, such as descriptive statistics and inferential analysis, were utilized to analyse the collected data and draw meaningful conclusions. The findings reveal that the lecturers perceive e-tutoring as a valuable resource which enhances student learning outcomes. The advantages highlighted include personalized support, improved accessibility, and flexibility in meeting individual student needs. The online tutors (e-tutors) were seen as effective in addressing students' queries and providing clarifications on complex subject matters. However, several challenges were also identified, such as the need for adequate training and support for e-tutors, ensuring consistency in quality, and managing the workload associated with e-tutoring responsibilities. Lecturers emphasized the importance of professional development and collaborative efforts between e-tutors and academic staff to enhance the overall effectiveness of e-tutoring services. The study concludes that e-tutoring has the potential to significantly contribute to the academic success of students at the University of South Africa.College of Accounting Science
Cross-section measurements for the production of a Z boson in association with high-transverse-momentum jets in pp collisions at s = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector
No full textAbstract
Cross-section measurements for a Z boson produced in association with high-transverse-momentum jets (pT ≥ 100 GeV) and decaying into a charged-lepton pair (e+e−, μ+μ−) are presented. The measurements are performed using proton–proton collisions at
s
= 13 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 139 fb−1 collected by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC. Measurements of angular correlations between the Z boson and the closest jet are performed in events with at least one jet with pT ≥ 500 GeV. Event topologies of particular interest are the collinear emission of a Z boson in dijet events and a boosted Z boson recoiling against a jet. Fiducial cross sections are compared with state-of-the-art theoretical predictions. The data are found to agree with next-to-next-to-leading-order predictions by NNLOjet and with the next-to-leading-order multi-leg generators MadGraph5_aMC@NLO and Sherpa
An exploration of radioactive sources security awareness : a case study of five healthcare facilities in Gauteng, South Africa
No full textThe purpose of the research was to explore the level of knowledge regarding radioactive source security that is present among security personnel at healthcare facilities located in the province of Gauteng in South Africa. The level of awareness of radioactive source security that was anticipated among security personnel who work at various healthcare facilities was the focus of the study. The 15 participants who took part in the study were all employed in healthcare facilities registered with the Private Security Industry Regulatory Authority (PSiRA), worked on the level of Grade B security officers or higher and had previous experience in supervisory roles.
A qualitative approach was adopted to research and incorporate case studies to achieve the aim and objectives of the study. Five hospitals in Gauteng, South Africa, were used as case studies. Three security professionals from each hospital made up the unit of analysis in the study. These participants were selected because they were responsible for safety and security at the healthcare facilities. Empirical data were collected through semi-structured interviews that were conducted either in person or over the phone. Data were analysed thematically, and the criteria for assessing the quality of the research were thoroughly addressed. Furthermore, the study adhered to ethical guidelines and was ethically endorsed.
The main findings of the study revealed a significant dearth of knowledge regarding radioactive source security among security personnel. While the participants were aware of the radiology departments at their facilities, they were unaware of radioactive source security. Moreover, the research participants were not able to recall whether radioactive sources are mentioned in both disaster management and security policy. The participants were not trained on the subject under study and were unaware of training opportunities, which has significant implications for radioactive source security at the facilities. The aim of the study was achieved, in that the level of awareness of radioactive source security among security personnel at healthcare facilities was determined. Recommendations based on the findings of the study are detailed for healthcare facilities and security professionals. Furthermore, recommendations for future scientific advancement in respect of radioactive source security at healthcare facilities are proposed.Sepheo sa patlisiso e ne e le ho batlisisa ka boemo ba tsebo eo basebetsi ba tshireletso dibakeng tsa tlhokomelo ya bophelo tse porovenseng ya Gauteng Aforika Borwa, ba nang le yona mabapi le mehato e leng teng ya tshireletso ya mohlodi o fanang ka eneji. Boemo ba tlhokomediso ya mehato ya tshireletso ya mohlodi o fanang ka eneji, bo neng bo lebelletswe basebetsing ba tshireletso ba sebetsang dibakeng tse fapaneng tsa tlhokomelo ya bophelo e ne e le ntlha ya sehlooho ya phuputso ena. Bankakarolo ba 15 ba bileng le seabo kaofela ha bona ba ne ba hirilwe dibakeng tsa tlhokomelo ya bophelo tse ngodisitsweng le Private Security Industry Regulatory Authority (PSiRA), ba ne ba sebetsa boemong ba diofisiri tsa tshireletso tsa Mophato wa B kapa bo hodingwana mme ba na le boiphihlelo boo ba tlang le bona ba ho bapala karolo ya bookamedi.
Ho sebedisitswe mokgwa wa ho bokella le ho hlopholla datha eo e seng ya dipalo ho batlisisa le ho kenyeletsa dipatlisiso tse kenelletseng tsa diketsahalo tse itseng ho fihlela sepheo le mehato e totobetseng ya ho fihlela sepheo seo. Dipetlele tse hlano tsa Gauteng, Aforika Borwa, di sebedisitswe e le dibaka tse etswang dipatlisiso tse kenelletseng tsa diketsahalo tse amehang. Basebetsi ba bararo ba nang le bokgoni bo hlokehang ba tswang sepetlele se seng le se seng ba sebetsa e le yuniti ya tlhahlobo phuputsong. Bankakarolo bana ba kgethilwe hobane ba ne ba jara boikarabelo ba polokeho le tshireletso dibakeng tsa tlhokomelo ya bophelo. Datha ya lesedi le itshetlehileng diketsahalong tse bileng teng le maemong a behilweng leihlo e bokelletswe ka diinthaviu tsa dipotso tse hlophisitsweng le tse sa hlophiswang tse tshwaretsweng mohaleng kapa ka ho kopana le bankakarolo ka seqo. Datha e hlahlobilwe ho ya ka mookotaba wa phuputso, mme mokgwa wa ho lekola boemo ba patlisiso o hlophisitswe ka hloko. Ho feta moo, phuputso e entswe ho ya ka ditataiso tsa metheo e amohelehang ya boitshwaro le ho amohelwa ho ya ka melawana e laolang kamoo ho sebetswang ka teng.
Lesedi le ka sehloohong le fumanweng la phuputso le bontshitse hore basebetsi ba tshireletso ba na le kgaello e kgolo ya ho tseba ka mehato ya tshireletso ya mohlodi o fanang ka eneji. Le ha bankakarolo ba ne ba tseba mafapha a radioloji dibakeng tsa bona, ba ne sa tsebe ka mehato ya tshireletso ya mohlodi wa eneji. Ho feta moo, bankakarolo ba patlisiso ba ne ba sa kgone ho hopola hore na mehlodi e fanang ka eneji e boletswe leanong la taolo le tshireletso ya maemo a koduwa kapa ha e a bolelwa. Bankakarolo ba ne sa rupellwa ka sehlooho se fuputswang mme ba ne sa tsebe ka menyetla ya thupello, e nang le dikameho tse kgolo/bohlokwa mehatong ya tshireletso ya mohlodi o fanang ka eneji dibakeng tse amehang. Sepheo sa phuputso se ile sa fihlelwa, ka hore ho fumanwe hore basebetsi ba tshireletso ba na le tsebo e kae ka mehato ya tshireletso ya mohlodi wa eneji dibakeng tsa tlhokomelo ya bophelo. Ditshisinyo tse itshetlehileng leseding le fumanweng la phuputso di hlaloseditswe dibaka tsa tlhokomelo ya bophelo le basebetsi ba tshireletso ba nang le bokgoni bo itseng. Ho feta moo, ho entswe ditshisinyo tsa ntshetsopele ya nako e tlang e itshetlehileng mekgweng le melaong ya ho etsa dipatlisiso tsa mehato ya tshireletso ya mohlodi wa eneji dibakeng tsa tshireletso.Inhloso yocwaningo kwakuwukuhlola izinga lolwazi mayelana nokuqashelwa kokulawulwa komthombo wemisebe kubasebenzi bezokuphepha ezikhungweni zokunakekelwa kwempilo ezisesifundazweni saseGauteng eNingizimu Afrika. Ucwaningo lwalugxile ezingeni lokuqwashisa ngokuqashelwa kokulawulwa komthombo wemisebe okwakulindelekile kubasebenzi bezokuphepha abasebenza ezikhungweni zokunakekelwa kwempilo ezihlukahlukene. Ababambiqhaza abayi-15 ababa yingxenye yocwaningo bonke babeqashwe ezikhungweni zokunakekelwa kwempilo ezibhaliswe nePrivate Security Industry Regulatory Authority (iPSiRA). Basebenza ezingeni labasebenzi bezokuphepha beBanga B noma ngaphezulu futhi babenesipiliyoni emisebenzini yokwengamela.
Kwasetshenziswa indlela efanele yokucwaninga kwahlanganiswa nocwaningo olubheke izindawo ezithile ukuze kufezekiswe inhloso nezinjongo zocwaningo. Kwathathwa izibhedlela ezinhlanu eGauteng, eNingizimu Afrika njengezindawo ucwaningo olubheke kuzo. Ochwepheshe abathathu bezokuphepha abavela esibhedlela ngasinye baba yiqoqo elihlaziywayo ocwaningweni. Laba babambiqhaza bakhethwa ngoba kuyibo ababheke ezokuphepha nokuvikeleka ezikhungweni zezempilo. Imininingo yocwaningo olufakazelwe yaqoqwa ngezingxoxo ezihleliwe ezaziqhutshwa siqu noma ngocingo. Imininingo yahlaziywa ngokwezihloko, kwase kubhekwa kabanzi indlela okuyiyo elandelwayo yokuhlola izingabunjalo locwaningo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucwaningo lwalandela iziqondiso zenkambo yokulunga futhi lwagunyazwa ngendlela efanele.
Okuqavile okutholakele ocwaningweni kwembula ukuntuleka okukhulu kolwazi lokuqashelwa kokulawulwa komthombo wemisebe kubasebenzi bezokuphepha. Nakuba ababambiqhaza babeyazi iminyango yezemisebe ezikhungweni zabo, babengazi ngokuqashelwa kokulawulwa komthombo wemisebe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ababambiqhaza bocwaningo abakwazanga ukukhumbula ukuthi imithombo yemisebe yabalulwa yini ekulawulweni kwezinhlekelele nakunqubomgomo yezokuphepha. Ababambiqhaza abazange baqeqeshwe maqondana nocwaningo futhi babengazi ngamathuba okuqeqeshwa, okuthinta kakhulu ukuqashelwa kokulawulwa komthombo wemisebe ezikhungweni. Inhloso yocwaningo yafezeka, ngenxa yokuthi labonakala izinga lokuqwashisa ngokuqashelwa kokulawulwa komthombo wemisebe kubasebenzi bezokuphepha abasebenza ezikhungweni zokunakekelwa kwempilo. Okunconywayo nokusekelwe kokutholakele ocwaningweni kubalulwe kabanzi ukuze kusizakale izikhungo zokunakekelwa kwempilo nochwepheshe bezokuphepha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuphakanyiswa ukuba kube nezincomo zesikhathi esizayo maqondana nokuthuthukisa ezesayensi ngokuphathelene nokuqashelwa kokulawulwa komthombo wemisebe ezikhungweni zezempilo.M.A. (Security Management)Security Risk Managemen
Treating paedophilic disorder and paedophilic ideation : current interventions among psychologists in South Africa
No full textThe study was motivated by the need to understand paedophilic disorder and paedophilic ideation as these are highly stigmatised, directly impacting treatment. It is ethical and pragmatic to support those suffering from paedophilic disorder and paedophilic ideation and to offer treatment free from stigma. The study was located in the theoretical framework of social constructionism utilising a qualitative approach. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with six South African psychologists who treat these individuals. Thematic analysis was used to analyse emerging themes. The main findings were that stigma at various levels severely impacts the management and treatment of paedophilia disorder and ideation. There is a lack of training around paedophilia and no standardise psychometric assessments for a South African population to test paedophilic disorder and paedophilic ideation, resulting in psychologists using and adapting international therapeutic approaches. In the private setting, long-term therapy is viewed as effective in preventing reoffending, initially focusing on gaining a holistic understanding and the evolution of clients’ attraction to children. In a correctional services context, cognitive behavioural therapy is indicated to be effective, given the contextual lack of resources. Female paedophiles remain largely invisible and are treated differently from their male counterparts when they are diagnosed with paedophilia. This is linked to the social construction of women as mothers and nurturers. Further, systemic change is needed to overcome the severe stigma cast over professionals who treat people with paedophilic tendencies and reduce the stigma toward individuals who are attracted to minors seeking therapeutic assistance.Hierdie studie was gemotiveer deur die nood om pedofiele versteuring en pedofiele ideasie te verstaan omdat dit hoogs gestigmatiseer is en behandeling direk afekteer. Dit is eties en pragmaties om diegene wie onder ‘n pedofiele versteuring en pedofiele ideasie lei, te ondersteun sowel as behandeling aan te bied wat vry is van stigma. Hierdie studie was gefokus in die teoretiese raamwerk van sosiale konstruksionisme
met die gebruik van ‘n kwalitatiewe benadering. Data was versamel deur semi-gekonstrukteerde onderhoude te voer met ses Suid Afrikaanse sielkundiges wie hierdie individuele behandel. Tematiese analise was gebruik om opkomende temas te ontleed. Die hoof bevindinge was dat stigma op verskeie vlakke die hantering en behandeling van pedofiele versteuring en ideasie grootliks beinvloed. Daar is ‘n gebrek in die opleiding rondom pedofilie en daar is geen standaard psigometriese assesserings vir ‘n Suid Afrikaanse populasie om te toets vir pedofiele versteuring en pedofiele ideasie nie, wat beteken dat sielkundiges aanpas en gebruik maak van internasionale terapeutiese benaderinge. In die private instelling word lang termyn terapie beskou as effektief in die voorkoming van heroortreding, wat oorspronklik gefokus is om ‘n hollistiese begrip te kry en die evolusie van kliente se aantrekings tot kinders beter te verstaan. In die regstellings dienste konteks, word kognitiewe gedragsterapie aangedui as effektief – gegewens die kontekstuele gebrek aan hulpbronne. Vroulike pedofiele bly grootliks onsigbaar en word verskillend behandel van hulle manlike eweknieë wanneer hulle wel gediagnoseer word met pedofilie.
Hierdie is gekoppel aan die sosiale konstruksie van vrouens as moeders en
koesterers. Verder, sistemiese verandering is nodig om die ernstige stigma wat oor
die professionele wie individuele met pedofiliese neigings te behandel, te oorkom, en
om die stigma te verminder teenoor individu wie aangetrokke is tot minerjar iges en
wat terapeutiese hulp wil benader.Lolu cwaningo lugqugquzelwe isidingo sokuqonda kabanzi ngesifiso nemidlinzo yenkanuko yocansi ebhekiswe ebantwaneni njengoba lokhu kuvezwe njengento enokucwaswa okukhulu futhi okungaba nomthelela ongemuhle kwezokulashwa. Kubalulekile kakhulu ukuseka nokungacwasi labo abanelesi sifo kanye nale midlinzo. Ulwazi luqoqwe ngokwenza inhlolokhono kodokotela abayisithupha abahlola ingqondo baseNingizimu Afrika, bahlole abantu abanesifiso nemidlinzo yenkanuko yocansi ebhekiswe ebantwaneni. Isihlaziyo sokuqoqa ulwazi i-thematic analysis sisetshenziswe ukudibanisa izigaba. Imiphumela iveze ukuthi ukucwaswa ezigabeni ezihlukene kube nomthelela ongemuhle ekulawuleni nokwelashwa kwesifo nemidlinzo yenkanuko yocansi ebhekiswe ebantwaneni. Kunokuntuleka kwezoqeqeshwa mayelana nesifo senkanuko yocansi ebhekiswe ebantwaneni futhi alukho uhlelo olugunyaziwe lokuhlolwa ngokwengqondo kubahlali baseNingizimu Afrika ukubheka lesi isifo nemidlinzo, okuholela ekutheni odokotela abahlola ingqondo bagcine besebenzisa baphinde benze okuhlobene nezindlela ezisetshenziswa emazweni aphesheya. Ezindaweni zangasese, ukuhlinzekwa ngokululekwa ngokwengqondo okuthatha isikhathi eside kuvezwa njengokuyikho okufanele ukugwema isigameko ukuthi singanzeki ngokuphindelela, ekuqaleni ebesigxile kakhulu kukho ukuqonda nokwazi izizathu eziholela ekutheni kungani abanalengcizi behehwa izingane ezincane. Okuqhukethwe kwezokuqondiswa izigwegwe, ukululekwa ngokwengqondo kuvezwe njengokusemqoka, nakuba kunokuntuleka kwezinsiza. Isibalo sabesifazane abanezinkanuko zocansi ezibhekiswe ebantwaneni asivezwa ngokucacile futhi baphathwa ngokuhlukile kunabelisa abakhungethwe ilesi sifo. Lokhu kuhambisana ngendlela abesimame ababukwa ngayo emphakathini njengoba bethathwa njengomama kanye nabafukameli. Okunye, kudingeka ushintsho ukubhekana nokucwasa okunzulu okuvela kubasebenzi abangabelaphi ngokusemthathweni kulolu hlobo labantu kanye nokunciphisa ukucwasa kulabo abahehwa izingane ezincane ngoba bandinga usizo lokulashwa ngokwengqondo.M.A. (Clinical Psychology)Psycholog
Synthesis of CuInS2 nanoparticles and application in the photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline
No full textA lot of effort has been given to the development of nontoxic ternary semiconductor nanoparticles that could act as photocatalyst NIR-I (750–850 nm) or NIR-II (1000–1400 nm) optical windows. This is due to their good stability, high optical absorption coefficient, and desirable band gap that absorbs well within the solar spectrum. CuInS2 is one of the ternary sulphide semiconductors, which has been considered to be a highly promising
photocatalyst. The properties are attributed to its high optical absorption coefficient. In this study, copper indium sulphide (CuInS2) nanoparticles were synthesized by a microwave irradiation route using copper(II) bis (Nmethyl-N-ethanol dithiocarbamate) and In(III) tris (N-methyl-N-ethanol dithiocarbamate) as a precursor complexes. The copper(II) complex was varied in two different ratios (3:1 and 2:1) to determine the best synthesis regime. Then, the effect of the varying ratios on the crystalline structure, morphology, and optical properties of the CuInS2 was studied by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM), and absorption spectroscopy. The microscopic analyses revealed that the CuInS2 nanoparticles have similar spherical grain-like shapes whose sizes range between 10.3–50.1 nm. The increase in the concentration of copper(II) complex also altered the band gap energy, given 2.87 and 1.61 eV for CuInS2(3:1) and CuInS2(2:1) respectively. The photocatalytic activities of the nanoparticles were determined for the degradation of Tetracycline (TC) under visible light irradiation. The effects of process parameters such as photocatalyst dosage and initial concentration of TC were investigated to establish the optimal performance of the CuInS2 nanoparticles. The experimental data showed a higher TC degradation percentage for CuInS2(2:1) (95 %) compared to CuInS2(3:1) (90 %), indicating its high potential as a photocatalyst for the degradation of TC in aqueous solution