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Chemistry : a critical foundation in quality water provision
Get PDFCollege of Engineering, Science and Technolog
Teaching and cognitive presences: The mediating effect of social presence in a developing world context
No full textNoneOnline learning has become a significant trend in education due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Online educators, course designers and institutions need to understand the importance of social presence in the dynamics of a community of inquiry and its association with teaching and cognitive presence. This study examined whether social presence mediated the relationship between teaching and cognitive presence. The participants were a random sample of 572 postgraduate honours students (mean age of 35.4 years; SD = 8.39 years). Participants were registered in the College of Economic and Management Sciences and the College of Science, Engineering and Technology at the University of South Africa, an Open Distance e-Learning (ODeL) institution. The students completed a standardised measure of the Community of Inquiry (CoI) instrument. The results indicated that social presence mediated the relationship between teaching and cognitive presence. The findings highlight the importance of social presence as a fundamental aspect of collaborative online learning as institutions turn to fully online teaching platforms. By implication, academic institutions and teachers must provide a more collaborative and interactive online learning environment and promote productive online communities.Finance, Risk Management and BankingN/
A Critical Analysis of the Corporate Whistleblowing Provisions of the South African Companies Act
Get PDFSection 159 of the South African Companies Act 71 of 2008 regulates corporate whistleblowing in companies registered under the act. This article critically evaluates section 159 to ascertain whether it adequately protects and encourages corporate whistleblowers. It compares this section with the whistleblower provisions in the Australian Corporations Act 2001, which have strongly influenced section 159 and which were recently reformed, and argues that in the light of the distressing levels of corporate corruption, the low reporting rates of wrongdoing and the widespread victimization of whistleblowers, there is a pronounced need to protect corporate whistleblowers in South Africa. It contends that section 159 does not go far enough in protecting and encouraging corporate whistleblowers, and calls for numerous
important reforms to be urgently made.Mercantile La
Land reform in relation to landless Neo-Pentecostal Churches: toward sustainable development in South African cities
Get PDFThe current state of urban planning in South Africa excludes allocation for church land. In many
South African cities, there is a temporary structure for church fellowship within neo-Pentecostalism. A
literature review shows that many neo-Pentecostal churches still conduct fellowship in tents and shacks,
which poses health hazards for congregants and followers of these churches. Furthermore, some of the
neo-Pentecostal churches rent industrial or even community buildings for church services every week.
These kinds of temporary structures, tents, and rentals make neo-Pentecostal churches to be very
unmanageable in local governments. This article is a literature analysis that argues within the framework of
land reform that landless neo-Pentecostal churches should be included in urban planning for the
sustainable development of South African cities. This article found that when neo-Pentecostal churches are
properly registered and given a portion of land to build proper church structures, local governments will
be able to manage these churches.Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiolog
Searches for new phenomena in events with two leptons, jets, and missing transverse momentum in 139 fb - 1 of \varvec{\sqrt{s}}=13 s = 13 TeV \varvec{pp} pp collisions with the ATLAS detector
No full textAbstract
Searches for new phenomena inspired by supersymmetry in final states containing an
e
+
e
-
or
μ
+
μ
-
pair, jets, and missing transverse momentum are presented. These searches make use of proton–proton collision data with an integrated luminosity of
139
fb
-
1
, collected during 2015–2018 at a centre-of-mass energy
s
=
13
TeV by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. Two searches target the pair production of charginos and neutralinos. One uses the recursive-jigsaw reconstruction technique to follow up on excesses observed in
36.1
fb
-
1
of data, and the other uses conventional event variables. The third search targets pair production of coloured supersymmetric particles (squarks or gluinos) decaying through the next-to-lightest neutralino
(
χ
~
2
0
)
via a slepton
(
ℓ
~
)
or Z boson into
ℓ
+
ℓ
-
χ
~
1
0
, resulting in a kinematic endpoint or peak in the dilepton invariant mass spectrum. The data are found to be consistent with the Standard Model expectations. Results are interpreted using simplified models and exclude masses up to 900 GeV for electroweakinos, 1550 GeV for squarks, and 2250 GeV for gluinos
Intersections of gender, identity and subject choice in shaping student learning experience at a technical teacher training college in Zimbabwe
Get PDFAbstract in Venda with Zulu and English translationsṰhoḓisiso yo itwa ngei kholidzhini ya vhugudisi ha vhudededzi ya thekhinikhala kha ḽa Zimbabwe u itela u vhona uri mbeu, vhunṋe, na u nanga thero zwi dzhenelana hani u itela u vhumba tshenzhelo dza u guda dza mutshudeni. Ndeme ya u ita ngudo iyi zwo vha u bveledza adzhenda ya vhulamukanyi ha matshilisano kha u funza TVET nga u shumisa kuvhonele ka Ubuntu. Tshitshavha tsha ngudo tshi na tsumbonanguludzwa ya vhoḽekitshara na vhadededzi vha matshudeni kholidzhini ya vhugudisi ha vhudededzi ya thekhinikhala. Vhadededzi vha matshudeni vho nangiwaho u itela ngudo iyi vho vha vho ḓiṅwalisa kha Vhuinzhiniara ha Mekhenikhala, zwa Mafunda na Ndangulo ya Vhuendamashango, Mafhungo na Thekhinoḽodzhi, Thekhinoḽodzhi ya Zwiambaro na Masila, khoso dza zwa Vhufhaṱi na Thekhinoḽodzhi. Ngudo dzo shumisa ṱhoḓisiso dza fiḽosofi yaphuragimathiki na kuitele kwa ṱhoḓisiso dzo ṱanganelanaho. Nyolo ya ṱhoḓisiso yo shumiswaho yo vha ya thevhekano ya ṱhalutshedzo. Vhadededzi vha matshudeni vho nangiwa hu khou shumiswa tsumbonanguludzwaUcwaningo lwenziwe ekolishi lokuqeqeshwa kothisha ngobuchwepheshe eZimbabwe ukuze kutholakale ukuthi ubulili, ukuzazi komuntu uqobo lwakhe, nokukhetha izifundo kuhlangana kanjani ukuze kuqondise indlela abafundi abafunda ngayo. Ukubaluleka kokuqhuba lolu cwaningo kwakungukuthuthukisa uhlelo lobulungiswa bezenhlalo ekufundiseni eTVET ngokusebenzisa indlela yoBuntu. Isibalo sababambiqhaza ocwaningweni sasibandakanya isampula labafundisi basekolishi kanye nothisha abafundela ukufundisa ekolishi lokuqeqesha uthisha ngobuchwepheshe. Othisha abafundela ukufundisa abakhethelwe kulolu cwaningo babhalise ezifundweni zeMechanical Engineering, iHospitality and Tourism Management, i-Information and Technology, i-Clothing and Textiles Technology kanye ne-Building and Technology. Ucwaningo lusebenzise ifilosofi yocwaningo enembile kanye nendlela yocwaningo exubile. Umklamo wocwaningo owasetshenziswa wawuchaza ngendlela elandelana kahle. Othisha abafundela ukufundisa bakhethwa ngendlela yokusampula okungalandeli hlelo futhiThis research was motivated by the desire to investigate the experiences of students in Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET). Using a pragmatic research paradigm and an explanatory sequential mixed research design, the study sought to explore the way in which students’ learning experiences are impacted by a range of intersecting and interlocking features, including gender, identity and learning experiences. It endeavoured to determine factors that impact students’ choices of subjects and their experiences in the TVET College. The population of the study was constituted by the Technical Vocational and Training (TVET) students at one the technical teacher training colleges in Zimbabwe. The sample of lecturers who participated in this study was purposively drawn from those teaching the following programmes: Wood Technology, Technical Graphics, Hospitality and Tourism Management, Building Technology, Clothing and Textiles Technology and Mechanical Engendering. Student participants were selected from the designated courses using simple random sampling and they were required to complete a questionnaire. Twenty lecturers, selected on using purposive sampling, participated in focus group interviews. The findings of the study indicate that some courses such as Information and Communication Technology had an equal number of enrolled male and female students, while other courses such as Fashion Technology had only one male student. The study identified a number of intersections which impacted on career choices and learning practices, such as of gender and identity and that these impacted across most of the TVET courses at the institution. Moreover, instances of harassment of female students during learning were noted as well as the discrimination of students based on age, gender, ability and (perceived) sexuality. In addition, the study found more nuanced intersections which included totemism, nationality and language. It was also noted that older students experienced a measure of discrimination by younger students. Different motivations underlying course selection were also identified. It was also found that while both male and female students tended to be motivated by the desire to secure entrepreneurial opportunities afforded by their selected TVET qualifications, students’ families or husbands impacted on the course choices of women students in TVET. While the study observed that students perceived themselves in terms of a particular group identities, in some instances students moved from one group to another in order to collaborate on class work. The research
xii
proposes that at a legislative level, policies for higher education need to be reviewed for broad inclusivity and that institutions of higher learning in Zimbabwe need to embrace inclusivity more broadly. It is contended that the Ubuntu philosophy in education could assist in promoting an ethic of care and support. It is also recommended that instructors must be trained in the use of the Ubuntu philosophy in the area of learning in TVET to enable lecturers themselves to deal with unconscious biases and issues of discrimination that assume an interlocking dimension.The research was conducted at one technical Teacher training college in Zimbabwe for the purpose of ascertaining how gender, identity and subject choice intersect to shape students’ learning experiences. The population of the study constituted a sample of lecturers and students at the technical teacher training college. The students selected for this study were enrolled in courses such as Mechanical Engineering, Hospitality and Tourism Management, Information and technology, Clothing and Textiles Technology, Building and Technology. The study employed a pragmatic research philosophy and a mixed research approach. The research design that was employed was explanatory sequential. The students were selected using simple random sampling to complete a questionnaire that had both structured and non-structured questions. The lecturers were selected using purposive sampling and were required to take part in two focus group interviews. The study was based on Ubuntu philosophy and used Social Identity theory and an intersectional analytical framework. The Ubuntu philosophy has its origin in the pre-colonial societies that live in Sub-Saharan Africa and is based on the ethics of caring for one another. The intersectional study sought to view disadvantage and privilege from a multiple axis which reflects how individual subjugation is based on numerous variables that tend to compound disadvantages or privileges in the life of a person. The data revealed that the TVET institution is still gendered in terms of the teaching and learning practices and this impacts students’ learning and career advancement. The study found instances of students being harassed, ridiculed or favoured, based on criteria such as gender, age, marital status, sexual orientation, religiosity, ethnicity, nationality and language. The study recommends the introduction of Ubuntu as a transformative philosophy that can change the nature of the relationships from competition and exclusive behaviours to one that embraces differences and creates a community that cares and supports one another at the TVET institution. The study also recommends the training of lecturers on the use of inclusive language and practices during teaching and learning and an awareness of intersectionalities.D. Phil. (Curriculum and instruction in Education)Curriculum and Instructional Studie
The effect of environmental factors on the metabolomic profile and the biological activities of Helichrysum aureonitens
No full textThe use of plants for medicinal purposes precedes human written history. Accounts from many
archaeological sources agree that the Sumerians were the first to compile plants’ lists according
to their herbal remedy potentials over 5, 000 years ago. The World Health Organisation (WHO)
estimated that about 80% of the world population rely on herbal medicine as their primary
source of healthcare. There is a heightened public interest in the use of plant sources as natural
therapies in both developed and developing countries in the last decade, leading to a surge in
the availability of herbal remedies in pharmaceutical stores and supermarkets.
The Helichrysum genus comprises flowering plants which are aromatic perennial shrubs
belonging to the sunflower family. There are an estimated 600 species spread across Africa,
Europe, Australasia, and Eurasia with almost half of the species found in South Africa.
Helichrysum aureonitens is an important medicinal plant used for the treatment of many
infections especially in the KwaZulu-Natal and Eastern Cape provinces.
Previous studies on H. aureonitens have established antimicrobial activities against Gram positive bacteria (especially Bacillus species) and antiviral activity against viruses such as
herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), coxsackie B virus type 1 (Cox B1), adenovirus type 31
(Ad31) and reovirus. Many phenolic compounds linked to the plants’ activities include
chlorophenol, 4-chloro-2-(hepta-1,3,5-triyn-1-yl)-phenol, galangin (3,5,7 trihydroxyflavone)
and chlorogenic acids among others have been identified from the shoot and leaves of H.
aureonitens.
Many studies have established the influence of environmental factors on plants’ secondary metabolites. Only a few studies however exist on the influence of seasonal variation or different
growing locations with dissimilar climates on the chemical profile and antimicrobial activities
of any plant species from the Helichrysum genus. This study therefore focused on determining
the effect that change in seasons and locality with different climate has on the chemical profile
of H. aureonitens and how the shift in metabolites is linked to the plants’ bioactivity. The
antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral activities of H. aureonitens extracts from different
collection sites were evaluated against certain pathogens. The Gram-negative bacterium
Proteus vulgaris and Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis were used for the study. The
extracts’ activities were also tested against five pathogenic fungal species including Aspergillus
flavus, Aspergillus nomius, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Fusarium oxysporum and
Penicillum halotolerans. Lastly, the extracts were evaluated against the human virus, herpes simplex virus
type 1 (HSV-1) to determine the antiviral activity.
Plant samples were collected during the spring (October) and autumn (May) seasons at
Wakefield farms, Midlands in KwaZulu-Natal (wetter location with lower temperature) and
Telperion farm in Mpumalanga (drier location with higher temperature) regions of South
Africa. Collections were made in both wet and dry sites selected at each of the two localities.
Temperature and rainfall data were also collected for Cedara and Witbank between August
2017 and June 2018 representing the closest stations of South African Weather Services to the
two collection locations.
Hydroalcoholic extracts (30:70) of most H. aureonitens plants collected from both
geographical locations and seasons showed good activities against the gram-negative
bacterium P. vulgaris with Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) ranging between 62.5-
125 µg/mL. Activities of extracts collected from spring however showed better activities than
the autumn harvests. No activity was however recorded against the gram-positive bacterium B.
subtilis.
Acetone extracts of H. aureonitens showed strong antifungal properties against four of the five
fungal species tested. No activity was recorded against A. nomius by any of the extracts. All
the other fungal species were however significantly inhibited by varied extract concentrations
of H. aureonitens with MIC values between 0.39 – 3.125 µg/mL. The observed activities were
specific to individual species. Generally, plant samples harvested from Telperion (drier
location) had better activity against A. flavus, C. cladosporioides, F. oxysporum, and P.
halotolerans compared to Wakefield (wet location). With the exception of F. oxysporum, rainfall had an inconsequential impact on the antifungal properties of the plant against the other
tested species.
A cytopathic effect (CPE) reduction approach was used to evaluate the anti-HSV activity of
the twenty-six samples of H. aureonitens leaves and stems extracts. Cytotoxicity evaluation of
the extracts was carried out using MTT assay prior to antiviral determination. It was observed
that seventeen (mostly spring collections) of the twenty-six extracts examined were found to
have considerable anti-HSV activity, as measured by a reduction in tissue culture infectious
dose (TCID50) of less than 105.
Through the application of multivariate statistical analysis using a Nuclear Magnetic
Resonance spectrometer (NMR), 1H-NMR spectra of H. aureonitens leaf extracts were
generated to compare samples collected in different seasons and locations as well as wet and
dry sites. It was observed that changes in season played a significant role in the production of
aromatics with the largest concentration found in the spring season and wet sites across both
locations. Comparatively, the aromatics level is also favoured in the wetter geographical
location which is Wakefield farm. Caffeoylquinic acids (CQA) which is the main Chlorogenic
acids reported in nature are a class of compounds reported to be abundant in the Helichrysum
genus. Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography Quadrupole Time of Flight Spectroscopy
(UPLC-qTOF-MS), was used as an analytical platform to determine the identity of three
derivatives of CQA and their isomers-monocaffeoylquinic acids (MCQA), dicaffeoylquinic
acid (DCQA) and tricaffeoylquinic acid (TCQA) in the chemical profile of H. aureonitens. The
DCQA derivative was the most abundant, with higher concentrations of all its isomers in both
locations and seasons.
The study highlights the impact of seasonal variation and different geographical locations on
the chemical profile and antimicrobial properties of H. aureonitens.Ph. D. (Agriculture)Agriculture and Animal Healt
Project-based learning to promote learner autonomy in training hospitality education at a Technical and Vocational Education and Training College
No full textProject-based learning (PjBL) is a teaching and learning approach that involves students actively working on real-world projects, to develop knowledge and skills. This method has been shown to be effective in promoting learner autonomy (LA) and skills development in language learning studies. There is, however, a dearth of research on the use of PjBL in hospitality education, especially in a technical and vocational education and training (TVET) environment. Using a case study research strategy, this study aimed to investigate whether PjBL could be used to promote autonomy and develop employable skills in students in hospitality education. A convergent mixed methods approach was used to develop a framework for PjBL in promoting LA in a TVET environment. The study included a closed-structured questionnaire with responses from 144 (n=144) students from two hospitality programmes, as well as a semi-structured interview with 18 student participants. The findings indicate that PjBL is an effective teaching and learning approach in hospitality education that can promote LA, lead to a deeper understanding of the subject matter, while facilitating the development of a variety of important skills and competencies. Students can apply their knowledge and skills in meaningful ways through hands-on, real-world activities, which can foster a greater sense of autonomy and responsibility for their own learning. Moreover, this study emphasises the significance of incorporating PjBL into hospitality education programmes, to prepare students for success in a rapidly changing world.Curriculum and Instructional StudiesN/
Military Expenditure, Policy Syndromes and Tourism in the World
No full textThis study assesses the importance of military expenditure in moderating the role of insecurity dynamics on tourist arrivals or international tourism in 163 countries. It is framed to assess how the future of international tourism can be improved when military expenditure is used as a tool to mitigate perceived and real security risks that potentially reduce international tourists’ arrivals. The empirical evidence is based on Negative binomial regressions. The following main findings are established. Military expenditure significantly moderates violent crimes and perception of criminality to induce a favorable net impact on international tourist arrivals. The corresponding net effect is insignificant and negative for insecurity dynamics of “access to weapons” and “political instability”, respectively. An extended analysis is performed to assess thresholds at which political instability can be modulated for the desired net effect. This threshold is the critical mass at which the unconditional negative impact from political instability is neutralized with military expenditure. Policy implications are discussed.Economic
An integrated framework for the effective management of multigenerational academic staff members in the South African higher education sector
No full textText in English with summary in Zulu and SepediHigher education is grappling with a changing internal dynamic characterised by a multigenerational workforce which is becoming more heterogeneous in values, attitudes, behaviours and expectations. Current studies on generations in the higher education sector are fragmented, resulting in the lack of a comprehensive framework to assist managers to manage multiple generations effectively. The purpose of this study was to develop an integrated framework for the effective management of multigenerational academic staff members in the South African higher education sector. Participants (n = 16) were drawn from nine public universities and universities of technology. Data were collected using interviews and were analysed thematically.
The study found several challenges and benefits for the effective management of multigenerational academic staff members in the South African higher education sector, several effective and ineffective strategies for managing them, as well as the key elements of an integrated framework for their effective management. Challenges include differences in career progression expectations, skills and experience, managing the conflict that arises from different generations working together and difficulties with planning and strategy implementation, succession planning and teamwork. Benefits include team diversity, the fact that younger academics have better relations with students, are more vibrant and have more technical skills than older academics, as well as mentoring by, and knowledge and skills transfer from, older academics.
The effective strategies for the effective management of a multigenerational workforce include adherence to policies and planning, communication, consultative management in decision making and problem solving, workload management and work–life balance, interpersonal skills, principles and values, performance management, adaptability and human capital development. The use of an authoritarian leadership style is an ineffective strategy. The key elements that comprise an integrated framework for the effective management of multigenerational academic staff members in the South African higher education sector include generational perceptions, challenges related to having multigenerational academic staff members in a department, the benefits of having multigenerational academic staff members, effective strategies for managing multigenerational academic staff members in a department, and ineffective strategies for managing multigenerational academic staff members in a department.
This study made several contributions to the human resource management body of knowledge on the effective management of multigenerational academic staff members in the faculties of institutions that participated. On the theoretical level, firstly, the findingsImfundo ephakeme ibhekene nokushintshashintsha kwangaphakathi okubonakala
ngabasebenzi abavela ezizukulwaneni eziningi abashintshashintshayo
ngokwezindinganiso, izimo zengqondo, ukuziphatha kanye nalokho okulindelekile.
Izifundo zamanje ezimayelana nezizukulwane emkhakheni wezemfundo ephezulu
zihlukene phakathi, okuholela ekuntuleni kohlaka oluphelele lokusiza abaphathi
ukuphatha izizukulwane eziningi ngempumelelo. Inhloso yalolu cwaningo
kwakuwukwenza uhlaka oludidiyelwe lokuphatha ngempumelelo abasebenzi
bezemfundo abavela ezizukulwaneni eziningi emkhakheni wezemfundo ephezulu
eNingizimu Afrika. Abahlanganyeli (n = 16) bathathwe ezimfundweni eziphakeme
zomphakathi eziyisishiyagalolunye nezimfundo eziphakeme zezobuchwepheshe.
Imininingwane yaqoqwa kusetshenziswa izingxoxo futhi yahlaziywa ngokwendikimba.
Ucwaningo luthole izinselele nezinzuzo ezimbalwa zokuphatha ngempumelelo
kwabasebenzi bezemfundo abavela ezizukulwaneni eziningi emkhakheni
wezemfundo ephezulu eNingizimu Afrika, amasu amaningana aphumelelayo
nangasebenzi kahle okuzilawula, kanye nezingxenye ezibalulekile zohlaka
oludidiyelwe lokuphatha ngendlela ephumelelayo. Izinselele zihlanganisa umehluko
ekulindelweni kwenqubekela phambili komsebenzi, amakhono nolwazi, ukulawula
ukungqubuzana okuvela ezizukulwaneni ezahlukene ezisebenza ndawonye kanye
nobunzima bokuhlela nokusebenzisa isu, ukuhlela ukulandelana kanye
nokusebenzisana. Izinzuzo zihlanganisa ukuhlukahluka kwamaqembu, iqiniso lokuthi
izifundiswa ezisencane zinobudlelwane obungcono nabafundi, zinomdlandla futhi
zinamakhono ezobuchwepheshe amaningi kunezifundiswa ezindala, kanye
nokwelulekwa, kanye nokudluliselwa kolwazi namakhono okuvela ezifundweni
ezindala.
Amasu asebenzayo okuphatha ngempumelelo abasebenzi bezizukulwane eziningi
ahlanganisa ukuhambisana nezinqubomgomo nokuhlela, ukuxhumana, ukuphatha
ngokubonisana ekuthathweni kwezinqumo nasekuxazululeni izinkinga, ukuphathwa
kobuningi bomsebenzi kanye nebhalansi yempilo nomsebenzi, amakhono
okusebenzisana phakathi kwabantu, izimiso kanye nezindinganiso, ukuphathwa
komsebenzi, ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kanye nobuntu. bokuthuthukiswa kwezimali.
Ukusetshenziswa kwesitayela sobuholi obunegunya kuyisu elingasebenzi. Izingxenye
ezisemqoka ezihlanganisa uhlaka oludidiyelwe lokuphatha ngempumelelo
kwabasebenzi bezemfundo abavela ezizukulwaneni eziningi emkhakheni
wezemfundo ephezulu eNingizimu Afrika zifaka imibono yezizukulwane, izinselele
ezihlobene nokuba nabasebenzi bezemfundo abavela ezizukulwaneni eziningi
emnyangweni, izinzuzo zokuba nabasebenzi bezemfundo abavela ezizukulwaneni
eziningi, amasu asebenzayo okuphatha abasebenzi bezemfundo abavela
ezizukulwaneni eziningi emnyangweni, kanye namasu angasebenzi kahle
okuphathwa kwabasebenzi bezemfundo abavela ezizukulwaneni eziningi
emnyangweni.
Lolu cwaningo lwenze amagalelo aminingana emgudwini wolwazi wokuphathwa
kwabasebenzi ekuphathweni ngempumelelo kwabasebenzi bezemfundo abavela
ezizukulwaneni eziningi kumakhono ezikhungo ezibambe iqhaza kulolu cwaningo.
Ezingeni lombono, okokuqala, okutholiwe kwengeze isifanekiso esijwayelekile sika Hamlin (2004) sokuphatha nobuholi ngempumelelo ngokwengeza ukuzivumelanisa
nezimo njengokuziphatha kobuholi okuhle/okuphumelelayo ekuphatheni
ngempumelelo kwabasebenzi bezemfundo abavela ezizukulwaneni eziningi
emkhakheni wezemfundo ephezulu. Okwesibili, ucwaningo luqinisekise isiphakamiso
ohlakeni lokuqonda ubunikazi bezizukulwane ezinhlanganweni (Joshi et al., 2010)
ukuthi ezinhlanganweni zemishini ezinomongo obuthakathaka obujwayelekile,
njengomkhakha wemfundo ephezulu, kukhona ukusebenzisana okuphikisayo
kwaphakathi kwezizukulwane okubonakaliswa ngukungqubuzana. Okwesithathu,
luthuthukise uhlaka lombono lokuphatha ngempumelelo kwabasebenzi bezemfundo
abavela ezizukulwaneni eziningi emkhakheni wezemfundo ephezulu eNingizimu
Afrika. Ngokwezinga elikhombisayo, kwasungulwa uhlaka oludidiyelwe lokuphatha
ngempumelelo kwabasebenzi bezemfundo abavela ezizukulwaneni eziningi
emkhakheni wezemfundo ephezulu eNingizimu Afrika.Thuto ya godimo e šogana le phetogo ya lenaneo la ka gare leo le laetšwago ka bašomi ba melokontši seo se fetogago ka go fapana ka mekgwa, dikgopolo, maitshwaro le ditetelo. Dinyakišišo tša kgauswanyane go meloko mo lekaleng la thuto ya godimo di kgaogane, gomme di tšweletša dipoelo tša tlhako ya go phatlalala go thuša balaodi go laola meloko ye mentši gabotse. Nepo ya dinyakišišo tše e be e le go kaonafatša tlhako ye e kopantšwego go laola gabotse maloko a bašomi ba thuto ba melokontši mo lekaleng la thuto ya godimo ka Afrika Borwa. Bakgathatema (n=16) ba hweditšwe go diyunibesithi tše senyane tša setšhaba le diyunibesithi tša theknolotši. Data e kgobokeditšwe go lebeletšwe dipoledišano gomme di sekasekilwe di amanywa le merero.
Dinyakišišo di utollotše gore ditlhohlo tše mmalwa le dikholego tša taolo ye botse ya maloko a bašomi ba thuto ba melokontši mo lekaleng la thuto ya godimo ka Afrika Borwa, mekgwa ye mmalwa ya go šoma gabotse le ya go se šome gabotse ya go ba laola, gammogo le dielemente tša motheo tša tlhako ye e kopantšwego go taolo ya bona ye botse. Ditlhohlo di akaretša diphapano mo go ditetelo tša tatelano ya mošomo, mabokgoni le maitemogelo, go laola thulano ye e ka tšwelelago go tšwa go meloko ya go fapana yeo e šomago mmogo le mathata ka go beakanya le go phethagatša mekgwa, peakanyo ya tatelano le go šoma ka sehlopha. Dikholego di akaretša phapano ya sehlopha, lebaka la gore dirutegi tše difsa di na le dikamano tše dikaone le baithuti, gape ba na le mafolofolo gape ba na le mabokgoni a sethekniki a mantši go feta dirutegi tše dikgolo, gammogo le go tlhahlwa ke, le tsebo le phetišetšo ya mabokgoni, go tšwa go dirutegi tše digolo. Mekgwa ye mebotse ya taolo ye botse ya bašomi ba melokontši e akaretša go latela dipholisi le peakanyo, kgokagano, taolo ya poledišano mo go tšeeng diphetho le go rarolla mathata, taolo ya mošomo le tekanyetšo ya Bophelo bja mošomo, mabokgoni a leago, mekgwa le maitshwaro, taolo ya phethagatšo, go fetogafetoga le kaonafatšo ya bokgoni bja batho. Tšhomišo ya mokgwa wa boetapele bja kgatelelo ke mokgwa wa go se šome gabotse. Dielemente tša motheo tšeo di akaretšago tlhako ye e kopantšwego ya taolo ye botse ya maloko a bašomi ba thuto ba melokontši mo lekaleng la thuto ya godimo ka Afrika Borwa, e akaretša dikgopolo tša meloko, ditlhohlo tše di lebanego le maloko a bašomi ba thuto ba melokontši mo lekaleng la thuto ya godimo ka kgorong, mekgwa ya go se šome gabotse ya go laola maloko a bašomi ba thuto ba melokontši ka kgorong.
Dinyakišišo di file maele a mmalwa go lekgotla la taolo ya mothopo wa batho ya tsebo go taolo ye botse ya maloko a bašomi ba thuto ba melokontši ka mafapheng a diinstitušene tšeo di kgathilego tema mo dinyakišišo tše. Mo legatong la teori, sa mathomo, dikutollo di katološeditšwe go mmotlolo wa kakaretšo wa Hamlin’s (2004) wa go šoma gabotse ga boetapele ka go tsenya go fetogafetoga bjalo ka maitshwaro a boetapele a mabotse/a go šoma gabotse mo taolong ye botse ya maloko a bašomi ba thuto ba melokontši mo lekaleng la thuto ya godimo ka Afrika Borwa. Sa bobedi, dinyakišišo di kgonthiša kakanyo ya tlhako ya go kwešiša boitsebo bja meloko ka mekgatlong (Joshi et al., 2010) yeo e lego mekgatlo ya go se kwagale ya go ba le tikologo ya tekolo, go swana le lekala la thuto ya godimo, moo go na le tsenelano ya meloko ya go tsenelana ye e šireleditšwego ya go ba le dithulano. Sa boraro, e kaonafaditše tlhako ya teori ya taolo ye botse ya maloko a bašomi ba thuto ba melokontši mo lekaleng la thuto ya godimo ka Afrika Borwa. Mo legatong la maitemogelo, tlhako ye e kopantšwego ya taolo ye botse ya maloko a bašomi ba thuto ba melokontši mo lekaleng la thuto ya godimo ka Afrika Borwa e kaonafaditšwe.D. Phil. (Management Studies)Colleges of Economic and Management Science