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The use of oral history in the teaching of the subject creative art in a Kwazulu- Natal primary school: The perspective of educators
No full textPaper presented at OHASA Conference in 2022.Literature indicates that oral history (OH) is an important traditional pedagogical tool that can
be used to supplement textbooks in the classroom. It can help learners, including those in the
foundation phase, during ‘border crossing’ from home to school-based education. However, OH
is frequently disregarded in the education system, despite it being able to assist in articulating
creative art (CA) skills among learners in CA-related subjects such as storytelling, folk telling,
singing, praise singing and dramatisation. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore
the use of OH in the teaching of CA. The study objectives were to understand how OH is used
to impart knowledge about the subject of CA and to determine the perceptions of educators
regarding its use. To gain insight into the phenomenon studied, a qualitative explorative
case study underpinned by the social constructivist paradigm was used. Data were collected
using a questionnaire comprising open-ended questions. Two Educators participated in
the study. Purposive sampling was used to select educators responsible for teaching the CA
subject. Findings revealed that OH is important in facilitating learning by doing and listening
(apprentice education) but some learners have weak listening skills. The findings underscore
the importance of subject integration to strengthen some weak learning skills among learners. It
also transpired that current educators are teaching the digital generation who get bored with one
teaching method, hence emphasising the need for multiple teaching approaches including the
use of innovative technologies such as digital storytelling.Information Scienc
The role of leadership in change management in South African state-owned enterprises
No full textAbstract in English, Northern Sotho, Venda and XhosaSince the economic breakdown in 2008, the world's business environment has been turbulent. This disintegration occurred in the sectors of agriculture, manufacturing, mining and state-owned enterprises (SOEs). This resulted in a radical change in most private and public organisations. SOEs were significantly affected by these environmental business upheavals due to being state-owned. However, rigidity and bureaucracy in the SOE business environment, make the change process to be difficult to operate.
The study intended to determine the role of leadership in change management in South African SOEs. Furthermore, leaders are the catalyst for change in organisations, and employees depend on them. Consequently, without the presence of a leader, effective organisational change management is impossible. Additionally, the leadership literature revealed that a leader's effectiveness is evident in organisations when they relate well to employees; however, capabilities, competencies, and leadership principles must be considered.
The study followed a mixed method approach using quantitative (questionnaire) and qualitative (interview) methods to determine the role of leadership in change management in the four SOEs: Transnet, Armscor, DBSA, and Safcol. The quantitative phase had 120 participants at the operational level, and participants were not leading change but were participating at a functional level of change. The qualitative phase comprised of eight interviewed participants representing these four SOEs because they worked as management leaders of change. Data analysis was subsequently done using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) for the quantitative phase, namely: frequency distribution, exploration factor analysis, Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity and Kaiser Meyer Olkin rotated component matrix, reliability of constructs, analysis of variance (ANOVA), validity, correlation, regression, multiple regression, and structural modelling equation for the study. Content analysis was used for the qualitative phase, and which contained questions on communication for change, engagement to change, key messages simplified and visualised, making change stay uppermost, skills transfer, structures to collaborate first when change starts, leadership role during change, skills processed by the leader, expectations from the specific organisation, timeframe, and planning cycle. The study results showed that the characteristics of the leaders are significant for managing change in South African state-owned enterprises. Furthermore, the results showed that change implementation and success were positively related to the change process. Therefore, the leadership and organisational change management model for SOEs as proposed in the study will ensure that change management is successfully implemented. Using this model, SOEs would become feasible, experienced, and successful in organisational change management.Go tloga mola go bago le phuhlamo ya ikonomi ka 2008, tikologo ya kgwebo ya lefase e be e na le mathata. Phuhlamo ye e diregile ka makaleng a temo, tšweletšo, meepo le dikgwebo tša mmušo (diSOE). Se se feleleditše ka phetogo ye kgolo go bontši bja mekgatlo ya poraebete le ya mmušo. DiSOE di amilwe kudu ke mathata a a kgwebo ya tikologo ka lebaka la go ba makala a mmušo. Le ge go le bjalo, go se fetoge le pušo le tšona di tshwentše tikologo ya SOE, gomme phetogo e bile boima go šogana le yona.
Ka lebaka la ditšhitišo tše, maikemišetšo a nyakišišo ye e be e le go laetša mošomo wa baetapele taolong ya phetogo ka kgwebong ya mmušo ya Afrika Borwa. Go feta fao, baetapele ke bahlohleletši ba phetogo ka mekgatlong, gomme bašomi ba ithekgile ka bona. Ka fao, ntle le go ba gona ga moetapele, taolo ya phetogo ye e šomago gabotse ga e kgonege. Go tlaleletša, dingwalo tša boetapele di utolotše gore go šoma gabotse ga moetapele go bonagala ka mekgatlong ge e amana gabotse le bašomi; le ge go le bjalo, mabokgoni le melawana ya boetapele di swanetše go elwa hloko.
Nyakišišo e latetše tsela ya mokgwa wo o hlakantšwego ka go šomiša mekgwa ya khwanthithethifi (lenaneopotšišo) le khwalithethifi (poledišano) go laetša mošomo wa boetapele taolong ya phetogo ka gare ga diSOE tše nne: Transnet, Amsco, DBSA le Safcol. Kgato ya khwanthithethifi e bile le bakgathatema ba 120 maemong a tshepedišo (go e ra gore bakgathatema ba be ba sa ete pele phetogo eupša ba be ba kgathatema maemong a mošomo a phetogo) bao ba arabilego lenaneopotšišo. Kgato ya khwalithethifi e bes e na le bakgathatema ba seswai ba go emela diSOE tše tše nne ka gobane ba šomile bjalo ka baetapele (baetapele ba taolo) ba phetogo. Ka morago tlhahlobo ya datha e dirilwe ka go šomiša SPSS bakeng sa kgato ya khwanthithethifi (kabo ya boati, tshekatsheko ya mabaka a nyakišišo, teko ya Bartlett ya Sphericity le Kaiser Meyer Olkin (KMO), motheo wa karolo ye e fetotšwego, tshepagalo ya dipopego, dipalopalo tše di hlalošago, nepagalo, kgokagano, kelo ya kamano, go kelo ya kamano ya bontši le tekano ya go mmotlolo wa sebopego ya nyakišišo gomme ATLAS.ti e šomišeditšwe kgato ya khwakithethifi (kgokagano ya phetogo, go lemoga phetogo, melaetša ya bohlokwa ye e nolofaditšwego le go bonwa ka leihlokgopolo, go dira gore phetogo e dule e le ka godimo, phetišetšo ya bokgoni, dibopego tša go dirišana pele ge phetogo e thoma, mošomo wa boetapele nakong ya phetogo, mabokgoni ao a šongwago ke moetapele, ditebelelo go tšwa mokgatlong, nako le saekele ya peakanyo).
Dipoelo tša nyakišišo di bontšhitše gore dimelo tša baetapele di bohlokwa go laola phetogo ka dikgwebong tša mmušo tša Afrika Borwa. Go feta fao, dipoelo di bontšhitše gore phethagatšo ya phetogo le katlego di be di amana gabotse le tshepedišo ya phetogo. Ka fao, mohlala wa boetapele le taolo ya phetogo ya mokgatlo wa diSOE bjalo ka ge o hlomilwe mo nyakišišong o tla netefatša gore taolo ya phetogo e phethagatšwa ka katlego. Ka go šomiša mohlala wo, dikgwebo tšeo di laolwago ke mmušo di be di tla kgona go šoma le go ba le maitemogelo a katlego phetogong ya mokgatlo, go swana le gore ga di sa wela ka fase ga 70% ya mekgatlo yeo e palelwago ke taolo ya phetogo.U bva ha u wa ha ikonomi nga 2008, vhupo ha vhubindudzi ha ḽifhasi ho vha hu khakhathini. U wa uhu ho bvelela kha sekithara dza vhulimi, vhubveledzi, migodi na zwiimiswa zwine zwa langulwa nga muvhuso (SOEs). Hezwi zwo bveledza tshanduko khulwane kha sekithara nnzhi dza phuraivethe na zwiimiswa zwa muvhuso. Dzi SOE dzo kwamea nga maanḓa nga u thithisea uhu vhuponi ha mabindu nga u langulwa nga muvhuso. Naho zwo ralo, u thengathenga na ndaulo kha vhupo ha vhubindudzi ha SOE, zwo ita uri kuitele kwa tshanduko kuvhe ku konḓaho u ku shumisa.
Ngudo yo itelwa u ta, mushumo wa vhurangaphanḓa kha ndangulo ya tshanduko kha dzi SOE dza Afrika Tshipembe. U isa phanḓa ngaurali, vharangaphanḓa ndi vhaṱuṱuwedzi vha tshanduko kha zwiimiswa, vhashumi vha ḓitika ngavho. Nga zwenezwo, u sa vha na murangaphanḓa, ndangulo ya tshanduko yo teaho kha tshiimiswa a i konadzei. U ḓadzisa kha zwenezwo, maṅwalwa a vhurangaphanḓa a dzumbulula uri vhukoni ha murangaphanḓa ndi vhuṱanzi kha zwiimiswa musi vha na vhushaka havhuḓi na vhashumi, naho zwo ralo, maanḓa, vhukoni, na milayo ya vhurangaphanḓa zwi fanela u dzhielwa nṱha.
Ngudo yo tevhedza kuitele kwa ngona yo ṱanganelaho hu tshi khou shumiswa ngona ya khwanthethivi (mbudzisambekanywa) na khwaḽithethivi (inthaviwu) u ta mushumo wa vhurangaphanḓa kha ndangulo ya tshanduko kha dzi SOE nṋa: Transnet, Armscor, DBSA na Safcol. Luṱa lwa khwanthithethivi lwo vha na vhadzheneli vha 120 kha ḽeveḽe ya mushumo, vhadzheneli vho vha vha si khou ranga phanḓa tshanduko fhedzi vho vha vha tshi khou shela mulenzhe kha ḽeveḽe ya mushumo ya tshanduko. Luṱa lwa khwanthethivi lwo bveledzwaho nga vhadzheneli vha malo vhe vha ithavuwiwa vho imelaho vhadzheneli vha zwiimiswa izwi nṋa zwa dzi SOE ngauri vha shuma sa vharangaphanḓa vha ndangulo ya tshanduko. Musaukanyo wa data nga zwenezwo wo itwa hu tshi shumiswa SPSS kha luṱa lwa khwanthethivi dzine dza vha: tshivhalo tsha nḓisedzo, musaukanyo wa u ṱola tshiitei, Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity na tshipiḓa tsha matirikisi tshena tsha mona tsha Meyer Olkin, vhufulufheli ha miṱalukanyo, ANOVA, vhushaka, u ḓitika nga vhushaka, u ḓitika nga vhushaka vhunzhi na ikhwesheni ya tshivhumbeo tsha tshiedza. Ho shumiswa musaukanyo wa maṅwalwa kha luṱa lwa khwaḽithethivi une wa vha na mbudziso nga ha vhudavhidzani ha tshanduko, u ḓidzhenisa kha tshanduko, milaedza ya ndeme yo leludzwa na u sumbedziswa, u ita uri tshanduko i dzule i nṱhesa, u pfukisela zwikili, zwiimiswa zwa tshumisano u thoma musi tshanduko i tshi thoma, mushumo wa vhurangaphanḓa nga tshifhinga tsha tshanduko, zwikili zwo bveledziwaho nga murangaphanḓa, ndavhelelo u bva kha tshiimiswa tsho tiwaho, tshifhinga tsho vhewaho na mutevheṱhandu wa nzudzanyo. Mvelelo dza ngudo dzo sumbedzisa uri zwiṱaluli zwa vharangaphanḓa ndi zwa ndeme kha u langula tshanduko kha mabindu ane a langulwa nga zwa muvhuso a Afrika Tshipembe. U isa phanḓa nga u ralo, mvelelo dzo sumbedzisa uri u shumisa tshanduko na u bvelela zwi na vhushaka havhuḓi kha kuitele kwa tshanduko. Nga zwenezwo, vhurangaphanḓa na tshiedziswa tsha ndangulo ya tshanduko tsha tshiimiswa kha dzi SOE sa zwo bveledzwaho kha ngudo tshi ḓo khwaṱhisedza uri ndangulo ya tshanduko i tevhedzwe lwo fhelelaho. Tshiedziswa tshi vhidzwa tshiedziswa tsha dzi SOE tsha ndangulo ya tshanduko ya vhurangaphanḓa na tshiimiswa. Hu tshi khou shumiswa tshiedziswa itshi, dzi SOE dzi ḓo kona u shuma, u tshenzhela na u bvelela kha ndangulo ya tshanduko ya tshiimiswa.Ukususela ekuwohlokeni kwezoqoqosho ngowama-2008, imeko yezoshishino yehlabathi ibisoloko imaxongo. Oku kuwohloka kwenzeke kumacandelo ezolimo, ezemveliso, lezemigodi kunye namashishini karhulumente (SOEs). Oku kubangele utshintsho olukhulu kuninzi lwemibutho yabucala nekarhulumente. Ii-SOE zachatshazelwa kakhulu ziziphithiphithi kwishishini lokusingqongileyo ngenxa yokuba zizezikarhulumente. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ngqongqo kunye nolawulo kwimeko-bume yoshishino ye-SOE, kwenza inkqubo yotshintsho ibenzima ukuyiqhuba. Uphononongo lwalujonge ukumisela, indima yobunkokeli’ kulawulo lotshintsho kwii-SOE eMzantsi Afrika. Ngaphaya koko, iinkokeli zingunobangela wotshintsho kwimibutho, kwaye abasebenzi baxhomekeke kuzo. Ngenxa yoko, ngaphandle kobukho benkokeli, utshintsho kulawulo lombutho alunakwenzeka. Ukongeza, uncwadi lobunkokeli luveze ukuba ukusebenza kwenkokeli kubonakala kwimibutho xa benxibelelana kakuhle nabasebenzi; nangona kunjalo, izakhono, ubuchule kunye nemigaqo yobunkokeli kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo. Uphononongo lulandele iindlela ezixubeneyo lusebenzisa iindlela zobungakanani (uluhlu lwemibuzo/ikhweshine) kunye neendlela zomgangatho (udliwano-ndlebe) ukumisela indima yobunkokeli kulawulo lotshintsho kwii-SOE ezine: iTransnet, iArmscor, iDBSA neSafcol. Isigaba sobungakanani besinabathathi-nxaxheba aba-120 kwinqanaba lokusebenza, abathathi-nxaxheba bebengakhokeli utshintsho kodwa bathatha inxaxheba kwinqanaba lokusebenza kotshintsho. Inqanaba lomgangatho belinabathathi-nxaxheba abasibhozo ekwabanjwa nabo udliwanondlebe bemele ezi SOE zine kuba basebenze njengeenkokeli zolawulo zotshintsho. Uhlalutyo lwedatha lwenziwa emva koko kusetyenziswa ii-SPSS zesigaba sobungakanani ezizezi: usasazo rhoqo, uhlalutyo lwento yokuphonononga, uVavanyo lukaBartlett lwe-Sphericity kunye nenxalenye yematrix ejikelezisiweyo kaKaiser Meyer Olkin, ukuthembeka kwezixhobo zokusebenza, i-ANOVA, ukunyaniseka, ulungelelwaniso, ukuhlehla, ukuhlehla kaninzi kunye nolungelelwaniso lwesakhelo semodeli oluxhasa ukulingana kwamabinzana amabini, adibeneyo kuphando.Uhlalutyo lomxholo lwasetyenziselwa isigaba somgangatho nesiqulethe imibuzo malunga nonxibelelwano kutshintsho, ukuthethathethana kutshintsho, imiyalezo ephambili eyenziwe lula nebonakalisiweyo, ukwenza utshintsho luhlale luphezulu, ukudluliselwa kwezakhono, izakhiwo zokusebenzisana kuqala xa utshintsho luqala, indima yobunkokeli ngexesha lokutshintsha, izakhono ezicutshungulwe. yinkokeli, okulindelwe kumbutho othile, ixesha elibekiweyo kunye nomjikelo wocwangciso.Iziphumo zophando zibonise ukuba iimpawu zeenkokeli zibalulekile ekulawuleni utshintsho kumashishini karhulumente woMzantsi Afrika. Ngaphezu koko, iziphumo zibonise ukuba ukuphunyezwa kotshintsho kunye nempumelelo bezinxulumene ngokufanelekileyo kwinkqubo yotshintsho. Ngoko ke, ubunkokeli kunye nemodeli yolawulo lotshintsho lombutho leSOE njengoko zisekwe kuphando ziya kuqinisekisa ukuba ulawulo lotshintsho luphunyezwa ngempumelelo. Le modeli ibizwa ngokuba yimodeli yobuNkokeli kunye notshintsho lolawulo lwee-SOE. Ngokusebenzisa le modeli, ii-SOE ziya kuba nokwenzeka, zibe namava kwaye zibe nempumelelo kulawulo lweenguqu zombutho.D. Phil. (Management Studies)Business Managemen
Bevordering van assessering en akademiese prestasie in Engels as ’n eerste addisionele taal vir leerders in graad 6: verkenning van die impak van onderrigstyle, hulpbronne en tegnologie
No full textText in English with abstracts in English, Tswana and AfrikaansThis study investigated how teaching styles, resources, and technology affect the assessment performance of Grade 6 English as First Additional Language (EFAL) learners. In education, the failure to achieve proficiency in EFAL presents a significant challenge; assessments at the end of each term determine success; with failure resulting in overall term failure due to EFAL's core subject status. This underscores the need for enhanced proficiency in EFAL reading and writing to prevent academic setbacks.
The theoretical framework of Educational Effectiveness informed a qualitative case study. A primary school in Gauteng was purposefully selected together with six Grade 6 EFAL teachers and 30 Grade 6 EFAL learners. Focus group interviews, open-ended questionnaires, and classroom observations were used to gather data, which were analyzed by thematic analysis. The findings indicate that integrating technology and interactive resources is crucial for Gen-Z learners; technology boosts learner engagement and comprehension; and teacher training for technology integration and Formative Assessment Tasks (FAT) is essential. Bridging the generation gap in teaching styles and using well-structured assessments are important. Grade 6 learners prefer learner-centered approaches; teachers prefer mixed approaches. Based on the findings, guidelines were proposed, and recommendations were made to adapt teaching, use technology effectively, and rethink assessments.Dinyakišišo tše di nyakišišitše ka fao mekgwa ya go ruta, didirišwa, le theknolotši di amago go šoma fao go lekolwago ga baithuti ba Seisemane bjalo ka Polelo ya Mathomo ya Tlaleletšo (EFAL) ba Kreiti ya 6. Ka thutong, go palelwa ke go fihlelela bokgoni ka go EFAL go tšweletša bothata bjo bogolo; ditekolo mafelelong a karolongwaga ye nngwe le ye nngwe di laola katlego; fao go bago le go palelwa ka kakaretšo ka go karolongwaga ka lebaka la maemo a motheo a thuto ya EFAL. Se se gatelela tlhokego ya gore go be le bokgoni bjo bo oketšegilego ka go baleng le go ngwaleng ga EFAL ka nepo ya go thibela ditšhalelomorago tša thuto.
Motheo wa teori wa Go šoma gabotse go tša Thuto o bakile gore go dirwe dinyakišišo tša seemo tša boleng. Sekolo sa phoraemari ka Gauteng se kgethilwe ka maikemišetšo gotee le barutiši ba tshela ba Kreiti ya 6 ba EFAL le baithuti ba 30 ba Kreiti ya 6 ba EFAL. Dipotsološo go dihlopha tša nepišo, dipotšišonyakišišo tša go nyaka tlhathollo, le ditekodišišo tša ka phapošing di ile tša šomišwa go kgoboketša tshedimošo, ye e sekasekilwego ka tshekatsheko ya merero. Dikutollo di laeditše gore go kopanya theknolotši le didirišwa tša kopanyo go bohlokwa go baithuti ba Gen-Z; theknolotši e thuša go boledišana le baithuti le go kwešiša ga bona; gomme tlhahlo ya barutiši mabapi le go šomiša theknolotši le Mešomo ya Tekolosemmušo (FAT) e bohlokwa. Go fokotša sekgoba magareng ga meloko ya baithuti ka go mekgwa ya go ruta le go šomiša ditekolo tše di beakantšwego gabotse go bohlokwa. Baithuti ba Kreiti ya 6 ba rata mekgwa ye e theilwego go baithuti; barutiši bona ba rata mekgwa ye e kopantšwego. Go ya ka dikutollo, o ile gwa šišinywa ditlhahlo gomme ditšhišinyo di ile tša dirwa go fetoša go ruta, go šomiša theknolotši ka maleba, le go nagana leswa ka ditekolo.Hierdie studie het ondersoek hoe onderrigstyle, hulpbronne en tegnologie die assesseringsprestasie van Graad 6 leerders van Engels as Eerste Addisionele Taal English as First Additional Language, EFAL beïnvloed. In onderwys bied die mislukking om vaardig te raak in EFAL ’n aansienlike uitdaging; assesserings aan die einde van elke kwartaal bepaal sukses; en wanneer daar nie geslaag word nie, lei dit
tot ’n algehele mislukking van die kwartaal weens EFAL se ernvakstatus. Dít onderstreep die behoefte vir die bevordering van vaardigheid in EFAL wat betref lees en skryf, om akademiese terugslae te voorkom. Dieteoretiese raamwerk van opvoedkundinge doeltreffendheid was die bron vir ’n kwalitatiewe gevallestudie. ’n Laerskool in Gauteng is doelgerig gekies saam met ses Graad 6 onderwysers en 30 Graad 6 EFAL leerders. Fokusgroeponderhoude, oop vrae en klaskamerwaarnemings is gebruik om data in te samel, wat ontleed is deur tematiese ontleding. Die bevindings dui aan dat die integrasie van tegnologie en interaktiewe hulpbronne noodsaaklik is vir Generasie Z leerders; tegnologie bevorder leerderbetrokkenheid en verstandhouding; en opleiding vir onderwysers vir tegnologie
integrasie en formatiewe assesseringstake is noodsaaklik. Dit is belangrik om die generasiegaping te oorbrug deur gemaak te maak van onderrigstyle en goed gestruktureerde assesserings. Graad 6 leerders verkies leerdergesentreerde benaderings; onderwysers verkies gemengde benaderings. Riglyne is voorgestel en aanbevelings is gemaak wat gebaseer is op die bevindings om onderrig aan te pas,
tegnologie doeltreffend te gebruik en nuut te dink oor assesserings.M. Ed. (Curriculum Studies)Educational Studie
Creativity, imagination and play in children’s picture books : the importance of creative problem-solving
No full textThis practice-based study sets out to identify creative triggers found in
contemporary children’s picture books that encourage playful approaches in
readers with a view to them applying their imaginations as they navigate their way
through the books’ spreads. Through the lenses of narratology, psychology and
phenomenology, the study unpacks postmodern narrative devices found in
contemporary picture books with reference to the work of Martin Salisbury, Perry
Nodelman and Donald Winnicott. Winnicott’s theories regarding the ‘True Self’, ‘true
play’, the ‘transitional object’ and ‘transitional space’ played a key role in this study.
Eleven creative triggers were identified and used to examine contemporary
children’s picture books. These were then put into practice to create a series of
books for my art practice under the title Cautionary tales for Grown Ups from
Children/Cautionary tales for children from Grown Ups.M.A. (Visual Arts)School of Art
Surface functionalization of Graphene Oxide for application in organic solar cells
Get PDFThe enormous increase in global energy demand concomitant the environmental impact of non-renewable fossil fuels led to exploration of energy sources that are safe, cheaper and sustainable. Within a range of renewable technologies, photovoltaics (PVs) are an emerging way of effectively generating sustainable energy. In photovoltaic devices, the most important aspect is the power conversion efficiency (PCE) which is driven by the crystal structure of the organic polymers, the surface morphology of the thin film and the choice of electron donor and acceptor materials. Multiple routes have been taken to achieve efficient charge transfer between poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and graphene, but to the best that we can tell, not much has been done on the use of graphene oxide tailored with rare earth ions and other semiconductor materials.
The conducted research work is devoted to preparation of nanomaterials, growth of thin films and fabrication of devices based on P3HT, holmium (Ho), zinc oxide (ZnO) and graphene oxide (GO). These materials were chosen owing to their superior properties and abundance and they were prepared and deposited using simple synthesis routes and deposition techniques. The primary focus was to investigate the structural, morphological, spectroscopic and solar device properties of heterostructure films for application in organic photovoltaic cells. The properties of the thin films were analysed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV-visible near-infrared spectroscopy (UV/VIS/NIR), Photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL), Time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) and Keithley 2400 technique, respectively.
This work began with the successful growth of P3HT and GO/P3HT thin films using the drop coating method. Properties of these thin films were investigated and found to have amorphous and crystalline domains and they revealed the interaction through a decrease in lattice spacing, an indication of strain on the thin films. The presence of GO changed the surface morphology to flaky-like nanostructures, as seen from SEM images. The FTIR spectra presented various vibrational frequencies symbolic of the interactions at the interface between GO/P3HT thin films. Further ionic interactions are revealed by the increase in absorbance and broadening of the absorption spectra of GO/P3HT thin films. The doping of GO with Ho was also found to impact absorption properties of P3HT positively. The quenching of P3HT emission, ideal for photovoltaic applications was observed when grown with GO which indicates an efficient donor-accepter charge transfer process.
In an attempt to attain an efficient donor regioregular P3HT as it is a vital component for better performance of organic solar cells (OSC), we investigated the effect of deposition methods. The evaluated deposition methods for the growth of P3HT thin films operate in the absence of a vacuum and they produced thin films of different thicknesses. The crystallinity of P3HT revealed strong thickness dependence where 30 nm thin film had a low diffraction intensity and 148 nm thin film revealed the highest crystallinity. Raman analysis confirmed the high structural ordering of P3HT in terms of thicker thin films. A uniform P3HT thin film morphology was produced using the spin coating method. The increase in thin film thickness led to variations in absorption spectra due to change in defect states within the bandgap of P3HT. The luminescence properties revealed an increase in emission intensity of P3HT with the increment in the thin film thickness due to the increase in defect density.
We successfully applied the GO/P3HT, ZnO/P3HT and GO/ZnO/P3HT design architecture using spin coating method towards device fabrication. The crystalline structure of P3HT and GO were confirmed using XRD analytical technique where ZnO crystallized into hexagonal wurtzite structure. The chemical stoichiometry from EDS suggested the absence of impurities in the GO/ZnO/P3HT thin films. SEM results presented GO sheets intercalated in P3HT upon interaction. The bonding interactions from FTIR confirmed alteration of P3HT structure upon interaction with GO through a decrease in average conjugation length from 1.20 to 1.12. We witnessed a reduction in band gap energy which caused a decrease in energetic driving force for GO/P3HT. These observations correlated very well with the J-V characteristics whereby the incorporation of GO into GO/P3HT and GO/ZnO/P3HT devices yielded performance deterioration with a reduction of ~ 38 % in energy conversion efficiency. Thus, this makes ZnO/P3HT the most efficient device compared to GO/P3HT and GO/ZnO/P3HT devices. The fluorescent decay curves revealed a decline in exciton lifetime depicting a quicker charge transfer from P3HT to GO which resulted into a decrease in exciton diffusion length.Physic
Multi-objective stochastic programming for a multi-commodity multi-modal network flow model for flood disaster relief operations
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The increasing and alarming occurrence of disaster caused by flooding in Nigeria has necessitated this research work. There abound publications just describing the problem and calling for urgent help to reduce the effects on the citizenry but there appear no scientific/mathematical solutions offered to tackle the rescue operations. We therefore proposed a Mathematical Programming Model for disaster rescue operations. Our work is a Multi-Objective Stochastic Programming problem that seeks to minimize:
(i) proportion of unmet demand satisfaction,
(ii) total cost, and
(iii) total shipping time.
The study has root in practical problems facing the community. An empirical illustration of 2012 flood disaster was used as a case study. We considered four type of supply depots: National centre depot (NCD), Three Local Distribution Centres (LDC) and six points of Distribution (POD). The model comprised of vehicle types (a) air – helicopters and (b) land – trucks. Three basic types of emergency supply (item (l)): food, water and medical facilities were considered as relief materials. In the process, three basic scenarios: mild, medium, and severe situations were considered with associated probabilities: 0.25, 0.5 and 0.25 respectively. The work provided an adequate and efficient, mathematical model for quick response under emergency. This model proved effective and efficient in meeting the urgent needs of the devastated citizens who were involved in the disaster. It was efficient as there was a thin line between demand and demand met. The study equally proved that a minimized cost of about $1,016,673.37 could be used to carryout rescue operations. This figure becomes very necessary for the government, research agencies and other developmental agencies for the purpose of planning.
The model by using the air and road transport modes and allowing direct and indirect transporting to the PODs saved time, resulting to many lives being saved.Statistic
Photocatalytic reduction of hexavalent chromium using Zn2SnO4–ZnO modified g-C3N4 composite
Get PDFIn this study, a novel hierarchical g-C3N4/Zn2SnO4–ZnO heterojunction system was reported as an efficient photocatalyst for the reduction of Cr(VI). The fabrication of the composite involved the synthesis of the complex metal oxide (Zn2SnO4–ZnO), followed by the in-situ integration into graphitic carbon nitride. The structure,morphology, and optical properties of the as-prepared tertiary composite were determined using various
analytical techniques. The results indicated the improvement in surface area and the electronic structure of the semiconductor heterostructures. Photocatalytic measurement showed the efficiency of the ternary composite to cause a reduction of the band gap energy, delayed charge recombination process and enhancement of the visible
light absorption. Reaction parameters including the solution pH, photocatalyst (g-C3N4/ZTO-ZnO) dosage, and the initial concentration of Cr(VI) on the degradation efficiency of the photocatalyst were evaluated. The solution pH was varied from 2 to 8, and pH 2 displayed the highest removal of Cr(VI) with 99.2 % removal efficiency for the g-C3N4/ZTO-ZnO, while the ZTO-ZnO exhibited 72 % efficiency. Finally, the kinetic study of the photocatalytic reaction showed an increase in the overall rate constant k with the increase in initial concentration of Cr (VI). The outstanding performance of the ternary composite compared to the bare complex metal oxide makes the innovative g-C3N4/Zn2SnO4–ZnO composite a promising material for the removal of Cr(VI) from aquatic environment
Challenges facing small, micro and medium enterprises (SMME) at the Sol Plaatje Local Municipality of Northern Cape province in South Africa
No full textThe aim of the study was to investigate the challenges that the SMMEs faced in the Sol Plaatje Local Municipality (SPLM) in the Northern cape and further provide solutions that can assist in the future. SMMEs are viewed as the foundation for economic development and create jobs for the community. The objective of the study was established and evaluated. This study was qualitative in nature, and the data was collected from a sample of 15 SMMEs within the jurisdiction of SPLM, using non-probability sampling to find an in-depth understanding of the challenges facing SMMEs. Data was collected using semi-structural interviews. Thematic analysis was applied to analyse data through ATLAS.ti software. SMMEs in SPLM contribute to the economy and create jobs.
However, these SMMEs are experiencing many challenges such as technology, crime, unemployment, lack of access to the market, training, financial resources, and poor infrastructure that led to failure. There are no guidelines to assist SMMEs to manage, sustaining developing their business hence the study was conducted. With the aim to investigate and obtain an understanding of the challenges and further provides solutions that can assist in the future. Furthermore, there are no similar studies conducted that highlight the challenges of SMMEs in SPLM.
The findings from this study further reveal that these SMMEs also experience the following challenges: late payment, political interference, competition, Covid-19, economic factors, lack of mentorship and unfair practice. These findings appeared to be the stumbling block to the growth of these SMMEs.Maikemisetso a thuto e ne e le ho batlisisa mathata a di-SMME tse lebahaneng le tsona Masepaleng wa Selehae wa Sol Plaatje (SPLM) Kapa Bokone le ho tswella ho fana ka ditharollo tse ka ba thusang nakong e tlang. Di-SMME di nkwa e le motheo wa ntshetsopele ya moruo le ho thehela setjhaba mesebetsi. Sepheo sa thuto se ile sa thehwa le ho hlahlojwa. Phuputso ena e ne e le ya boleng ka tlhaho, mme dintlha di ile tsa bokellwa ho tswa sampoleng ya di-SMME tse 15 ka hara matla a SPLM. Sampole e seng monyetla e ile ya sebediswa ho fumana kutlwisiso e tebileng ya diphephetso tse tobaneng le di-SMME. Dintlha di ile tsa bokellwa ho sebediswa dipuisano tse hlophisitsweng hantle. Ho ile ha sebediswa hlahlobo ya sehlooho ho sekaseka data ka software ya ATLAS.ti.
Leha di-SMME ho SLPM di kenya letsoho moruong le ho theheng mesebetsi, di tobana le diqholotso tse ngata jwalo ka thekenoloji, botlokotsebe, kgaello ya phihlello ya mmaraka, kwetliso, mehlodi ya ditjhelete, le meaho e mebe e lebisang ho hloleheng. Ha ho na ditataiso tse thusang di-SMME ho laola le ho ntshetsa pele kgwebo ya bona. Sepheo sa phuputso e ne e le ho batlisisa le ho utlwisisa diqholotso tsa bona le ho tswela pele ho fana ka ditharollo tse ka ba thusang nakong e tlang. Ho feta moo, ha ho diphuputso tse tshwanang tse entsweng tse bontshang diqholotso tsa di-SMME ho SPLM.
Ditshenolo tsa phuputso ena di boetse di hlahisa diqholotso tse ding tseo di-SMME tsena di tobanang le tsona tse kang ditefo tsa moraorao, tshitiso ya dipolotiki, tlhodisano, Covid-19, maemo a moruo, kgaello ya boeletsi le tlwaelo e hlokang toka. Diqholotso tsena di ile tsa bonahala e le tshitiso kgolong ya di-SMME tsena.Tshipikwa tsha ngudo iyi ndi u sengulusa khaedu dzo livhanaho na dzi SMME ngei kha Masipala Wapo wa Sol Plaatje (SPLM) kha la Northern Cape na u dovha u nekedza thasululo dzine dza nga vha thusa matshelo. Dzi SMME dzi sedzwa sa mutheo wa mveledziso ya ikonomi na u sika mishumo kha tshitshavha. Ndivho ya ngudo yo thomiwa na u elwa. Ngudo iyi ndi ya khwalithethivi, nahone data yo vha yo kuvhanganyiwa u bva kha tsumbonanguludzwa ya dzi SMME dza 15 kha vhupo ha SPLM. Tsumbonanguludzwa i si na khonadzeo yo shumiswa u kona u pfesesa vhukuma khaedu dzo livhanaho na dzi SMME. Data yo kuvhanganywa nga inthaviwu dzo dzudzanywaho. Musaukanyo nga thero wo shumiswa u saukanya data nga kha sofutiwee ya ATLAS.ti.
Musi dzi SMME kha SLPM dzo dzhenelela kha ikonomi na u sika mishumo, dzo livhana na khaedu nnzhi sa thekhinolodzhi, vhugevhenga, u shaya u swikelela maraga, vhugudisi, zwiko zwa masheleni, a themamveledziso i si takadzi ze zwa vhanga u kundelwa. Ahuna nyendedzi dza u thusa dzi SMME u langa na u bveledza mabindu avho. Tshipikwa tsha ngudo ho vha u sengulusa na u pfesesa khaedu dzavho na u dovha u nekedza thasululo dzine dza nga vha thusa matshelo. Zwiṅwe hafhu, ahuna ngudo dzi elanaho nadzo dzo itwaho u sumbedza khaedi dza dzi SMME kha SPLM.
Mawanwa u bva kha ngudo a dovha a bvisela khagala dziṅwe khaedu dzi re hone dzo livhanaho na SMME sa u lenga u badelwa, u dzhenelela ha politiki, mutatisano, Covid-19, zwivhumbi zwa politiki, u shaya vhupfumbudzi na maitele a u dzhia sia. Khaedu idzi dzo vha zwithithisi kha nyaluwo ya dzo SMME idzi.M. Com. (Business Management)Business Managemen
Student Perceptions of Project-Based Learning in Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) Hospitality Education: A Case of a TVET College in Gauteng
No full textProject-based learning (PjBL) is an experiential-learning (EL) pedagogy believed to enable students to acquire content knowledge and skills and to build personal agency needed for the challenges of life and work. Although work-integrated learning (WIL) through internships and workplace learning is established in hospitality curricula within the technical and vocational education and training (TVET) environment, the application of PjBL remains unexplored. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate what other teaching and learning pedagogies can be used within the TVET hospitality curriculum to encourage students to acquire the relevant knowledge, skills, attitudes, and competencies needed to be successful in the hospitality industry. Using a convergent mixed-methods approach, this study employed an experiential learning survey (ELS) with 144 respondents (n=144) and a semi-structured interview involving 18 participants within two hospitality TVET programmes at a TVET college in Gauteng, South Africa. The findings indicate that PjBL is effective in TVET hospitality education in that it helps students acquire work-related knowledge, skills, attitudes, and competencies. It provides an engaging and meaningful avenue for collaborative learning and enables students to apply classroom concepts to real- world challenges. PjBL not only encourages critical thinking and problem-solving, but also fosters creativity and collaboration. Moreover, it helps students to develop important 21st-century skills for their future work.Curriculum and Instructional Studie
An Indigenous Force of Pentecostalism in Africa: Indigenous Knowledge System Approach to Decolonization
Get PDFPentecostalism in Africa has many expressions, types, and shadows contributing to the challenge of categorisations in the movement. There are some forms of Pentecostalism in Africa that resemble the American context in terms of theology and practice. However, the literature review also demonstrates that other forms are uniquely indigenous, meaning, non-American. In this article, the indigenous force of Pentecostalism was studied through the indigenous knowledge system approach. This was done by making links between indigenous Pentecostalism in Africa and the early indigenous forces. The indigenous Pentecostal liturgy characterized by a song, prayer, and sermon was discussed in detail. The article also demonstrated how the indigenisation of the gospel of Jesus Christ within the Pentecostal movement in Africa has made the movement relevant to Africans. The aim was to demonstrate that the indigenous force of Pentecostalism is relevant to the decolonisation of Westernized Christianity. The article proposes the acknowledgement of the indigenous knowledge system in the Pentecostal tradition which is relevant to the decolonization of the religious sphere in the African context.Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiolog