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A system psychodynamic wellness perspective of leadership : boundaries at the 'edge of chaos'
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A model to operationalise entrepreneurial mentoring : a study of emerging small and medium enterprises in Kwazulu-Natal
Get PDFEnglish, Zulu and Xhosa abstractsThe Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) operational landscape has transformed universally, exacerbated by the 2020 pandemic, thus necessitating innovative research for post-pandemic SME sustainability. Entrepreneurs encounter persistent obstacles in their ventures. South Africa’s volatile business climate makes entrepreneurial resilience mandatory. A paucity exists in pragmatic academic research concerning operationalising mentoring in entrepreneurship. A review of extant literature suggested limited information pertinent to a phase-based entrepreneurial mentoring model. The purpose of this study was to develop a contemporary post-pandemic model to operationalise entrepreneurial mentoring, by combining the mentoring process with the entrepreneurship life cycle. Consequently, the stimulants and inhibitors of entrepreneurship were addressed. A qualitative grounded theory case study approach was applied, using a sample of 30 emerging retail entrepreneurs in KwaZulu-Natal, selected through purposive sampling from business forums. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to gain insight into participants’ entrepreneurial experiences, mentoring expectations and competency needs. Congruent with the grounded theory methodology, qualitative data were examined on an iterative basis, subject to open, axial and advanced coding. Eight key themes emerged from the data analysis. The codes and themes were blended during theoretical integration and high-level conceptualisation, culminating in the proposed model. The findings implied a crucial need for mentoring as a tool to inculcate appropriate entrepreneurial competencies during distinct stages of the life cycle. Furthermore, the findings demonstrated that contemporary mentoring practices should address business and personal entrepreneurial factors. The proposed model, termed the Emerging Entrepreneur Mentoring Model, combined facets of the mentoring process and the entrepreneurship life cycle phases, factoring a range of competency factors for mentoring focus. The unique nature of the model was the integration of a principal process-based mentoring component with which entrepreneurial development was aligned. The study makes several contributions to literature. It offers a methodological contribution through a qualitative grounded theory case study approach. It presents a multi-faceted contemporary entrepreneurial mentoring model. The study offers pragmatic opportunities for entrepreneurs in a post-pandemic setting. Additional research can enhance the model by adopting a quantitative or mixed methodology approach, and by proposing competency factors for established entrepreneurs in the maturity or decline phases of the life cycle.Isimo sokusebenza kwamaBhizinisi Amancane Namaphakathi (ama-SME) kuye kwashintsha emhlabeni kabanzi, kwabhebhethekiswa ubhubhane lwango-2020, ngakho kwaveza isidingo socwaningo olunobuchule lokugcina ama-SME esebenza ngemuva kwalolu bhubhane. Abasunguli bamabhizinisi babhekana nezingqinamba eziphikelelayo emisebenzini yabo. Isimo sezebhizinisi esingazinzile eNingizimu Afrika senza kudingeke ukuthi abasunguli bamabhizinisi babe qatha. Kunocwaningo oluncane kakhulu lokuthola izixazululo mayelana nokuqeqeshwa kwabasunguli bamabhizinisi kwezokusebenza. Ukubuyekezwa kwezincwadi ezikhona kwabonisa ukuthi kunolwazi olulinganiselwe oluhambisana nenkambiso yokuqeqesha abasunguli bamabhizinisi ngokwezigaba zabo. Inhloso yalolu cwaningo kwakuwuvela nenkambiso yesikhashana yangemuva kobhubhane ukuze kuqhakanjiswe ukuqeqeshwa kwabasunguli bamabhizinisi, ngokuhlanganisa inqubo yokuqeqesha kanye nobude besikhathi sokusebenza kwebhizinisi. Ngenxa yalokho, kwasingathwa izinto ezigqugquzela ukusungulwa kwamabhizinisi kanye nezingqinamba. Kwasetshenziswa ucwaningo lwesimo lokuhlola amanani, kusetshenziswa isampula losomabhizinisi abangama-30 abasafufusa KwaZulu-Natali, abakhethwe ngezinjongo zokuba yizibonelo ezithangamini zebhizinisi. Kwaqhutshwa izingxoxo ezihleliwe ukuze kutholwe imininingwane yolwazi lwezebhizinisi lwababambiqhaza, lokho abakulindele ngokuqeqeshwa kanye nezidingo zabo zamakhono. Kanye nesu lombono elinesisekelo, kwahlolwa ulwazi lwezibalo ngendlela ephindelelayo, ngaphansi kwamakhodi avulelekile, azinzile kanye nathuthukisiwe. Kwavela imikhakha eyisishiyagalombili eyinhloko uma kuhlaziywa lolu lwazi. Le mikhakha nezihloko kwahlanganiswa uma kubunjaniswa imibono kusetshenziswa nobuchule obusezingeni eliphezulu, kwaholela esiboniselweni esihlongozwayo. Okwatholakala kwabonisa ukuthi kunesidingo esisemqoka sokuqeqesha njengethuluzi lokugcizelela amakhono afanele okusungula ibhizinisi ezigabeni ezikhethekile zomjikelezo webhizinisi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, okwatholakala kwabonisa ukuthi imikhuba yesimanje yokuqeqesha kufanele icabangele izici zokusebenza kwebhizinisi ezithinta ibhizinisi uqobo kanye nabantu. Isiboniselo esahlongozwa, esabizwa ngokuthi Isiboniselo Sokuqeqesha Abasunguli Bamabhizinisi Abasafufusa, sahlanganisa izingxenye zenqubo yokuqeqesha kanye nezigaba zomjikelezo webhizinisi, kwafakwa nezici ezihlukene zamakhono ukuqeqesha okuzogxila kuzo. Okuyingqayizivele ngalesi siboniselo ukufakwa kwesigaba esiyinhloko esisekelwe enqubweni yokuqeqesha esavunyelaniswa nokuthuthukiswa kwamakhono okusungula ibhizinisi. Lolu cwaningo lunemithelela eminingana emkhakheni wezincwadi. Lunomthelela wenqubo ezolandelwa ngesisekelo socwaningo lwamanani ezibonelo. Luletha isiboniselo samanje sokuqeqeshwa kwamabhizinisi esinezigaba eziningi. Lolu cwaningo lunikeza amathuba ezixazululo kubasunguli bamabhizinisi ngemuva kobhubhane. Ucwaningo oluthe xaxa lungathuthukisa lesi siboniselo ngokusebenzisa inqubo ehlaziya izibalo noma exubile, nangokuhlongoza izici zokuhlola amakhono zosomabhizinisi asebezinzile ezigabeni zokuvuthwa noma zokuwohloka komjikelezo webhizinisi.Ubume bokusebenza kwamaShishini amaNcinci naPhakathi (SME) lutshintshile jikelele, busenziwa mandundu ngubhubhane wama-2020, ngoko ke kwenze kwafuneka uphando olutsha lozinzo lwe-SME lwasemva kobhubhane. Oosomashishini bahlangabezana nemiqobo ethe gqolo kumashishini abo. Imeko-bume yoshishino eguquguqukayo eMzantsi Afrika yenza ukuqinisa ezoshishino kube sisinyanzeliso. Kukho ukunqongophala okukhoyo kuphando lwezifundo ngokwepragmatika malunga nokubonelela ngemizekelo ukucebisa kushishino. Uphononongo loncwadi olukhoyo lucebise ngolwazi olunqongopheleyo ngokuphathelele kwimodeli yokucebisa esekwe kwisigaba soshishino. Injongo yolu phononongo ibikukuphuhlisa imodeli yyexesha esikulo lasemva kobhubhane ukwenza lusebenze uthantamiso kwezoshishino, ngokudibanisa inkqubo yokucebisa/ yokuthantamisa kunye nomjikelo wobomi boshishino. Ngenxa yoko, izinto ezikhuthazayo kunye nezithinteli kushishino zaye zaqwalaselwa. Kuye kwasetyenziswa ithiyori ezinzileyo esemgangathweni yophononongo lwesiganeko (case study), kusetyenziswa isampulu yoosomashishini abasakhasayo abangama-30 KwaZulu-Natal, abakhethwe ngokwenjongo yesampulu evela kwiiforam zoshishino. Udliwano-ndlebe olulungelelanisiweyo lwenziwa ukuzuza ukuqonda/ ingqiqo kumava abathathi-nxaxheba boshishino, izinto ezilindelweyo zokucebisa kunye neemfuno zobuchule. Ngokungqinelana nendlela yenkqubo yethiyori esisiseko, iidatha ezisemgangathweni zavavanywa ngokokuphindaphindiweyo, ngokuxhomekeka ekuvuleni, ukusebenzisa i-axial nogqwetho lombhalo olukwinqanaba eliphezulu. Imixholo esibhozo engundoqo yavela kuhlalutyo lwedatha. Iikhowudi kunye nemixholo zahlanganiswa ngexesha lokudityaniswa kwethiyori kunye nengqikelelo ekwinqanaba eliphezulu, eziphelele kwimodeli ecetyiweyo. Iziphumo zabonisa imfuneko ebalulekileyo yokuthantamisa njengesixhobo sokubethelela ubuchule obufanelekileyo kushishino ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo omjikelo wobomi. Ngaphezu koko, iziphumo zibonise ukuba iinkqubo zale mihla zokucebisa kufuneka zijongane nemiba yoshishino kunye nemiba yoshishino yobuqu. Imodeli ecetyiweyo, ebizwa ngokuba yiModeli yokuCebisa uSomashishini osaKhulayo, imiba edityanisiweyo yenkqubo yokucebisa kunye nezigaba zomjikelo wobomi zoshishino, ukufaka uluhlu lwemiba yobuchule yokugxila ekucebiseni. Ubume obukhethekileyo bale modeli yaba kukudityaniswa kwenxalenye yenkqubo yokucebisa engundoqo apho uphuhliso loshishino lwangqanyaniswa. Uphononongo lunegalelo (iminikelo) oluninzi kuncwadi. Lunika igalelo kwindlela yokusebenza ngokusebenzisa indlela yophando lwethiyori esekelweyo esemgangathweni. Ibonisa imodeli eneenkalo ezininzi zokucebisa kushishino lwale mihla (contemporary). Uphononongo lubonelela ngamathuba koosomashishini kwimeko yasemva kobhubhane. Uphando olongezelelweyo lunokuphucula imodeli ngokwamkela indlela yobuninzi okanye indlela yokusebenza exubileyo, kunye nangokucebisa imiba yobuchule koosomashishini abasele bekumanqanaba okuvuthwa okanye okuhla komjikelo wobomi.Ph. D. (Management Studies (Entrepreneurship))Business Managemen
Anthropomorphic clay figurines from Early and Middle Iron Age sites in South Africa
No full textText in English with abstracts and keywords in English, Afrikaans and VendaThis collections-based research project focuses on anthropomorphic clay figurines from archaeological sites in South Africa dating to the 1st and 2nd millennium AD. These archaeological sites were occupied by Iron Age farming communities in the Eastern Cape, KwaZulu-Natal and the Shashe-Limpopo Confluence Area in the Limpopo province of South Africa. The figurines in the collections of various museums were classified using modal analysis, and a basic catalogue was compiled. The study further explores archaeological context and ethnography as potential sources to better understand the role of figurines in rituals and everyday life. Further, the decoration patterns on the figurines are examined with reference to the practice of scarification in historical and modern societies. This study has shown that, in whatever context they are used, anthropomorphic figurines convey ideas through embellishment and form. An embodiment perspective is used to investigate the close relationship between figurines and women in these Iron Age communities.Hierdie versamelingsgebaseerde navorsingsprojek fokus op antropomorfiese kleibeeldjies van argeologiese terreine in Suid-Afrika wat dateer van die 1ste en die 2de millennium nC. Hierdie argeologiese terreine is bewoon deur Ystertydperk-boerderygemeenskappe in die Oos-Kaap, KwaZulu-Natal en die Shashe-Limpopo Samevloeiingsgebied in die Limpopo-provinsie van Suid-Afrika. Hierdie beeldjies in die versamelings van verskillende museums is met behulp van modale ontleding geklassifiseer en 'n basiese katalogus is saamgestel. Die studie ondersoek ook die argeologiese konteks en etnografie as potensiële bronne om die rol van beeldjies in rituele en die alledaagse lewe beter te verstaan. Verder word die versieringspatrone op die beeldjies bestudeer met verwysing na die praktyk van inkerwing in historiese en moderne samelewings. Hierdie studie het getoon dat antropomorfiese beeldjies, in watter konteks dit ook al gebruik word, idees oordra deur versiering en vorm. ’n Verpersoonlikingsperspektief word gebruik om die noue verband tussen beeldjies en vroue in hierdie ystertydperkgemeenskappe te ondersoek.Thandela heyi ya ṱhoḓisiso yo ḓisendekaho nga khuvhanganyo yo sedza kha zwiṱetshu zwa vumba zwi re na zwiṱaluli zwa vhathu kha vhupo ha vhufukumarubi ha Afrika Tshipembe u bva miṅwaha ya gidi AD ya u thoma na ya vhuvhili. Vhupo ha vhufukumarubi uvhu ho vha hu tshi dzula zwitshavha zwa vhulimivhufuwi ha Iron Age ngei Eastern Cape, KwaZulu-Natal na Vhupo ha Shashe-Limpopo Confluence vunduni ḽa Limpopo Afrika Tshipembe. Zwiṱetshu zwo kuvhanganyiwaho miziamu yo fhambanaho zwo khethekanywa hu tshi khou shumiswa musaukanyo wa zwiṱaluli zwine zwa shanduka, ha bveledzwa khathalogo ya mutheo. Ngudo yo bvela phanḓa na u wanulusa nyimele dza vhufukumarubi na ḓivhamirafho sa zwiko zwa ndeme zwa u pfesesa khwine mishumo ya zwiṱetshu kha nyitelatherelo na vhutshilo ha ḓuvha na ḓuvha. Hu tshi iswa phanḓa, phatheni dza u khavhisa kha zwiṱetshu dzi ṱolwa hu tshi livhiswa kha maitele a tshiṱhavhelo kha zwitshavha zwa kale na zwazwino. Ngudo heyi yo sumbedza uri, hu nga vha kha nyimele ifhio zwe zwa shumiselwa yone, zwiṱetshu zwi re na zwiṱaluli zwa zwivhumbeo zwa vhathu u fhirisa mihumbulo nga kha u sumbedzisa na nga tshivhumbeo. Mbonalo ya u sumbedzisa i shumiselwa u ṱoḓisisa vhushaka ha tsini vhukati ha zwiṱetshu na vhafumakadzi kha zwitshavha izwi zwa Iron Age.M.A. (Archaelogy)Anthropology and Archaeolog
Factors affecting perceptions of Zimbabwean higher education students towards acquaintance rape
No full textThis study assessed factors affecting perceptions of Zimbabwean higher education students
towards acquaintance rape in Masvingo Province. The study serves as a precursor to unearth a
hidden crime (acquaintance rape) which is quite rampant in institutions of higher education in
Masvingo Province and the world over. The researcher used a positivist paradigm and mixed
methods research approach. The descriptive survey design was also employed in the study. To
collect data from participants, a self-constructed questionnaire was used. The demographic data
for this study consisted of all students randomly chosen from three institutions of higher education
in Masvingo Province. The sample for this study was 63 participants made up of 3 principals (1
male and 2 females), 3 vice principals (1 male and 2 females), 3 hostel wardens (1 male and 2
females), 3 assistant hostel wardens (1 male and 2 females), 3 disciplinary chairpersons (1 male 2
females), 3 nursing sisters (1 male and 2 females) and 45 students (12 males and 33 females) in
higher education institutions in Masvingo Province of Zimbabwe. Qualitative data was
descriptively analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, Version 16.0. The
calculated Chi-Square tests were also computed. Frequency tables were constructed to indicate
the relative rating of each research item. The study revealed that culture, gender, peer pressure and
policy as well as legislation or law affect higher education students’ perceptions of acquaintance
rape. Students’ interaction and socialisation are based on their perceptions of cultural practices,
peer pressure, gender stereotypes or law which are the main reasons why they have negative views
on acquaintance rape. The study also established that college authorities, non-academic staff and
students have inadequate knowledge on how to effectively manage or deal with acquaintance rape
cases due to lack of policies, legislations or laws governing students’ behaviour in higher
education. A model to reduce acquaintance rape was proposed. The study recommended that all institutions of higher education in Masvingo Province should introduce acquaintance rape
prevention and reduction programmes, peer education programmes, and acquaintance rape
awareness campaigns in the curriculum.Ph. D. (Psychology)Psycholog
Housing Delivery at the Masiphumelele Community
Get PDFThis article explores the housing delivery challenges faced by the Masiphumelele community, a township in the Western Cape Province. The study aims to gain insights into the experiences and perspectives of key stakeholders involved in housing delivery, with the goal of informing effective strategies for addressing housing needs and improving the living conditions in the community. The article further explores the reasons why informal settlements and the degradation of housing persist in the community of Masiphumelele. The article utilised qualitative research methods involving focus group discussions with heads of households and online individual interviews with ward committee members and a ward councillor.
The research findings reveal several key issues. The lack of affordable housing options emerges as a pressing concern, exacerbating overcrowding and inadequate living conditions. Additionally, the participants highlighted overcrowding, flooding, fires, inadequate sanitation, unsafe living conditions and a high rate of unemployment as common challenges experienced by the community of Masiphumelele.
Based on these findings, the article presents recommendations to the City of Cape Town for enhancing housing delivery in the Masiphumelele community. These include the promotion of community-driven initiatives to ensure the inclusion of residents’ voices in decision-making processes. The dates, times and places of municipal workshops and meetings must be announced as widely as possible to improve participation and communication with community members. The findings emphasise the significance of holistic and participatory approaches to address housing challenges, ultimately aiming to improve the quality of life and promote housing development within the Masiphumelele community.Public Administration and Managemen
Transforming project management for information and communication technology solutions for the Department of Defence
Get PDFThe dissonance between traditional planning and the acquisition of systems is a challenge, particularly for defence institutions. A specific concern is the pressure of acquiring and staying abreast of new technologies as they are rapidly changing at speeds previously unthought-of. The research aimed to develop a conceptual framework for information, communication, and technology project management in the Department of Defence due to challenges in defining requirements and delivering solutions. This research spearheaded the need to identify a project management process for information, communication, and technology requirements in the Department of Defence. The review of the literature suggested that no specific project management methodology was suited to information, communication and technology projects and a combination thereof was required to improve solution delivery. Using an approach of mixed methods research (convergent/parallel sequential design as adapted), this study took place within the Department of Defence. Phase two of the research comprised both qualitative and quantitative data collection in the form of structured interviews and a questionnaire respectively with participants identified across the levels of project management. The qualitative data analysis used a priori, while a combination of descriptive and inferential statistics was applied to the quantitative analysis, with the trustworthiness and credibility of the data tested via different strategies. The development and enlightenment of the conceptual framework were informed during phase one, and thereafter by the merging of the results of the data analyses during phase two allowing for identified gaps to be addressed in an updated framework, which displayed affirmation of applicability and construct validity. The final conceptual framework, drawing from the top project management methodologies, will support the need to efficiently work while defining project processes for the effective delivery of requirements. The final result, after taking into account the particular challenges faced by the military, the significance of scaling agility in defence institutions, and a review of project management methodologies, was the development and defining of a unique conceptual framework for the project management of ICT projects. In conclusion, the conceptual framework suggests a combined project management strategy for ICT projects in defence institutions that may hypothetically function.D. Phil. (Management Studies)Centre for Business Manangemen
The evolution of the Foundation Phase curricula in South Africa since 1994
No full textThe evolution of the South African Education Curricula after 1994 was a monumental migration meant to equalise the education field which was fragmented and discriminatory in many areas. This affected all role-players in the education system, especially the teachers who had to implement new curricula that were unfamiliar to them. The range of policies from C2005, RNCS, FFL to CAPS caused confusion among teachers, but eventually CAPS was understood and was implemented. This impacted heavily on the Foundation Phase (FP) section of schooling as this phase is always the first to implement changes. The changes resulted in the evolution of the FP curriculum. These changes adversely affected teachers who are the custodians of curriculum and purveyors of knowledge such that learners were directly or indirectly disadvantaged in numerous ways. There were challenges that emerged during the implementation of these changes: multilingualism, provision of resources, teacher-training, learner-performance, and pedagogical approaches. With 11 official languages and sign language being the 12th, South Africa has a unique linguistic identity. Government policy with regard to curricula delivery advocated all 11 South African languages for teaching and learning which had serious consequences on pedagogy, particularly on teachers who were unilingual or bilingual, and on those who were entrenched in teacher-centred approaches. The translation of English documents into various other languages diluted the quality of some languages which were marginalised in the past. This, together with teaching-learning approaches negatively affected learner-performance. South Africa has participated in various regional and international studies including PIRLS, TIMMS and SACMEQ; however, SA’s performance has been reported to be one of the worst of all participating countries. In the light of these changes in policy and curricula, this study examined FP schooling to establish the effects of curricula changes since democracy. The qualitative methodology used to collect data involved the elicitation of information from teacher-participants via semi-structured interviews and the perusal of documents from schools in the district. This data was analysed via the thematic approach. The findings revealed that in the early stages of curriculum change in South Africa, content was beyond the South African learners’ ability due to multilingualism, cultural diversity and socio-economic factors and it was recommended that the department of education should focus on pedagogical approaches to improve learning outputs and design South African policy guidelines that address multilingual school communities.Ukuthuthuka kwezifundo ezinikezwa yisikhungo semfundo saseNingizimu Afrika ngemuva kuka-1994 kwaba ukufuduka okukhulu okwakuhloswe ukulinganisa umkhakha wezemfundo, owawuhlukene phakathi futhi unobandlululo ezindaweni eziningi. Lokhu kuthinte bonke ababambiqhaza ohlelweni lwezemfundo, ikakhulukazi othisha okwadingeka basebenzise izifundo ezintsha ababengazazi. Uhlu lwezinqubomgomo ukusuka ku-C2005, RNCS, FFL kuya kuCAPS lubangele ukudideka phakathi kothisha, kodwa ekugcineni i-CAPS yaqondwa futhi yasetshenziswa. Lokhu kube nomthelela omkhulu esigabeni sesikole sesiGaba esiyiSisekelo njengoba lesi sigaba sihlala singesokuqala ukwenza izinguquko. Lezi zinguquko zibe nomphumela wokuthi kuthuthukiswe izifundo ezinikezwa yisikhungo semfundo yesiGaba esiyisiSekelo. Lezi zinguquko zaba nomthelela omubi kothisha abangabaphathi bohlelo lwezifundo ezinikezwa ysikhungo semfundo kanye nabaphathi bolwazi ngendlela yokuthi abafundi bancishwe amathuba ngokuqondile noma ngokungaqondile ngezindlela eziningi. Kube nezinselelo ezavela ngesikhathi kwenziwa lezi zinguquko: ubuliminingi, ukuhlinzekwa kwezinsiza, ukuqeqeshwa kothisha, ukusebenza kwabafundi, kanye nezindlela zokufundisa. Njengoba izilimi ezisemthethweni eziyi-11 kanye nolimi lokuxhumana kusetshenziswa ukuthinta komzimba nezimpawu lungolwe-12, iNingizimu Afrika inobunikazi obuhlukile bolimi. Inqubomgomo kahulumeni maqondana nokwethulwa kwezifundo ezinikezwa yisikhungo semfundo yakhuthaza zonke izilimi zaseNingizimu Afrika eziyi-11 ukufundisa nokufunda okwaba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu ekufundiseni, ikakhulukazi kothisha abakhuluma ulimi olulodwa noma izilimi ezimbili, nakulabo ababegxile ezindleleni ezigxile kothisha. Ukuhunyushelwa kwemibhalo yesiNgisi kwezinye izilimi ezehlukene kwehlisa izinga lezinye izilimi ebezibukelwa phansi esikhathini esidlule. Lokhu, kanye nezindlela zokufundisa, kube nomthelela omubi ekusebenzeni kwabafundi. INingizimu Afrika ibambe iqhaza ezifundweni ezehlukene zesifunda nezamazwe ngamazwe ezihlanganisa i-PIRLS, i-TIMMS kanye ne-SACMEQ; nokho, ukusebenza kweNingizimu Afrika kubikwe njengelinye lamazwe amabi kakhulu abambe iqhaza. Ngenxa yalezi zinguquko zenqubomgomo kanye nezifundo ezinikezwa yisikhungo semfundo, lolu cwaningo luhlole iSigaba esiyiSisekelo semfundo ukuze kutholwe imiphumela yoshintsho lwezifundo ezinikezwa yisikhungo semfundo kusukela ngentando yeningi. Indlela yokuqoqa nokuhlaziya imininingwane engeyona izinombolo esetshenziswe ukuqoqa imininingwane ibandakanya ukutholwa kolwazi kothisha ababambiqhaza ngokusebenzisa inhlolokhono engahlelekile kanye nokufunda imibhalo evela ezikoleni zesifunda. Le mininingwane ihlaziywe kusetshenziswa ukufundisa okuhlelwe ngendikimba. Okutholakele kuveze ukuthi ekuqaleni kokushintshwa kwezifundo ezinikezwa yisikhungo semfundo eNingizimu Afrika, okuqukethwe kwakungaphezu kwamandla abafundi baseNingizimu Afrika ngenxa yobuliminingi, ukuhlukahluka kwamasiko kanye nezici zenhlalo-mnotho. Ngakho-ke kwaphakanyiswa ukuthi uMnyango wezeMfundo kufanele ugxile ezindleleni zokufundisa ukuthuthukisa imiphumela yokufunda futhi wenze imihlahlandlela yenqubomgomo yaseNingizimu Afrika ebhekana nemiphakathi yezikole ekhuluma izilimi eziningi.Go hlolega ga lenaneothuto la Afrika Borwa ka morago ga 1994 e bile phetogelo ye kgolo ye e bego e ikemiseditse go lekalekanya lekala la thuto, leo le bego le arogane ebile le na le kgethologanyo ka mafapheng a mantsi. Se se ile sa ama bakgathatema ka moka ka tshepedisong ya thuto, kudukudu barutisi bao ba bego ba swanetse go tsenya tirisong lenaneothuto le leswa leo ba bego ba sa le tsebe. Mehutahuta ya melawana go thoma ka C2005, RNCS, FFL go fihla ka CAPS e ile ya baka kgakanego gareng ga barutisi, eupsa mafelelong CAPS e ile ya kwesiswa le go tsenywa tirisong. Se se ile sa ama kudu karolo ya Kgatothuto ya Mathomo ya sekolo ka ge kgato ye ka mehla e dula e le ya mathomo ge go phethagatswa diphetogo. Diphetogo tse di ile tsa feletsa ka go hlolega ga lenaneothuto la Kgatothuto ya Motheo. Diphetogo tse di ile tsa ama kudu barutisi bao e lego bahlokomedi ba lenaneothuto le basepedisi ba tsebo ka tsela yeo e lego gore baithuti ba ilego ba hlokiswa menyetla thwii goba ka ditsela tse mmalwa. Go bile le ditlhohlo tse di tsweletsego ka nakong ya phethagatso ya diphetogo tse: dipolelontsi, kabo ya methopo, tlhahlo ya barutisi, go soma ga baithuti, le mekgwa ya go ruta. Ka ge e na le dipolelo tse 11 tsa semmuso le polelo ya diatla bjalo ka ya bo 12, Afrika Borwa e na le boitshupo bjo bo swanago bo nnosi bja dipolelo. Melawana ya mmuso ya mabapi le kabo ya lenaneothuto e ile ya hlohleletsa gore dipolelo ka moka tse 11 tsa Afrika Borwa e be tsa go ruta le tsa go ithuta gomme se se ile sa ba le dipoelo tse di sa kgahlisego go thuto, kudukudu go barutisi bao ba bego ba bolela polelo e tee goba ba bolela dipolelo tse pedi, le bao ba bego ba bego ba tlwaetse mekgwa ya go ruta ye e theilwego go morutisi. Phetolelo ya dingwalwa tsa Seisemane go ya go dipolelo tse dingwe tsa mehutahuta e ile ya senya boleng bja dipolelo tse dingwe tseo di bego di beetswe thoko mo nakong ye e fetilego. Se, gammogo le mekgwa ya go ruta le ya go ithuta, se ile sa ama gampe go soma ga baithuti. Afrika Borwa e kgathile tema ka go dinyakisiso tsa mehutahuta tsa ka dileteng le tsa boditshabatshaba go akaretswa PIRLS, TIMMS le SACMEQ; le ge go le bjale, go soma ga Afrika Borwa go begilwe gore ga go kgahlise go dinaga ka moka tse di kgathago tema. Ka lebaka la diphetogo tse tsa melawana le tsa mananeothuto, dinyakisiso tse di lekodisisitse Kgatothuto ya Mathomo ya sekolo ka nepo ya go tseba diabe tsa diphetogo tsa mananeothuto go tloga mola go bago le temokrasi. Mokgwa wa boleng wo o somisitswego go kgoboketsa tshedimoso ye e tsweleditswego go tswa go morutisi go ya go bakgathatema ka dipoledisano tse dipotsiso tsa tsona di nyakago gore moarabi a fe mabaka le go somiswa dingwalwa go tswa ka dikolong tsa ka seleteng. Tshedimoso ye e ile ya sekasekwa ka go somisa mokgwa wa merero. Dikutollo di ile tsa laetsa gore dikgatong tsa mathomong tsa phetoso ya lenaneothuto ka Afrika Borwa, diteng di be di feta bokgoni bja baithuti ba Afrika Borwa ka lebaka la dipolelontsi, phapano ya setso le mabaka a ekonomi ya setshaba. Ka fao go ile gwa sisinywa gore Kgoro ya Thuto e swanetse go nepisa kudu mekgwa ya go ruta ka nepo ya go kaonafatsa dipoelo tsa go ithuta le go hlama ditlhahli tsa melawana ya Afrika Borwa tse di rarollago ditshaba tsa dikolo tseo di bolelago dipolelo tse ntsi.M. Ed. (Curriculum Studies)Curriculum and Instructional Studie
Chief Executive Officer (CEO) power, board independence and bank risk in Uganda
No full textThe study's main aim was to establish the moderating role of board independence in the relationship between CEO power and bank risk. Although risk management has dominated bank management literature and discourse, policy and practice, previous studies on how CEO power affects risk-taking have produced mixed results. Some studies show that CEO power reduces risk, while others indicate that it increases the risk. This lack of conclusive findings is due to the failure to include moderator variables such as board independence that influence that relationship. Failure to include the role of board independence in regulating the extent to which CEO power affects bank risk in the annual reports of commercial banks and the absence of the same in policy documents could also be responsible for bank failures in Uganda over the last 15 years. This study was therefore conducted with four objectives: examining the relationship between CEO power and bank risk, assessing the moderating effect of board independence on the relationship between CEO power and bank risk, analysing the cointegrating relationship between CEO power and bank risk and analysing the causality relationship between CEO power and bank risk.
This explanatory panel research used secondary data from a sample of 14 commercial banks in Uganda from 2010 to 2020. The study used secondary data collected through extraction from reports and documents. System General Method of Moments (GMM) was used to establish the relationship between variables and to test the moderating effect of board independence on the relationship between CEO power and bank risk. Diagnostic tests were also carried out to check the suitability of the GMM estimator. Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach was used to infer causality and to analyse the short and long-run linkages between CEO power and bank risk or cointegration. The speed of adjustment of the model in the long run was established using the Error Correction Term (ECT).
The findings revealed an inverse relationship between CEO power and bank risk. Commercial banks that have powerful CEOs seemingly have lower risk. Such powerful CEOs have prestige power, are internally hired, have ownership, and have served for more years; hence, they possess expert power. The relationship between current and previous bank risk is positive and significant, confirming a long-run positive relationship between previous and current bank risk. The moderating effect of board independence in
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the relationship between CEO power and bank risk is significant for prestige power and the CEO being internally hired. This means that commercial banks in Uganda should appoint CEOs with outside connections and serve for more years since experienced CEOs reduce bank risk in Uganda. Furthermore, the relationship between their power and bank risk is positively affected by board independence. The findings all confirmed cointegration between CEO power and Z-score in the panel dataset, and that if the model is destabilised and moves away from equilibrium or has short-run disequilibrium, it will correct its previous period’s disequilibrium at a speed of approximately 2.58% annually to get back to the steady state. Lastly, it was determined that there is a causal relationship between CEO power and bank risk. In case there is a need to reduce bank risk in Uganda, adjusting CEO power will help to attain this. It is thus recommended that commercial banks’ annual reports should include the extent to which board independence affected the relationship between CEO power and bank risk. Banks should also encourage CEOs to stay in office for more than four years, to a maximum of seven years.
CEOs and bank staff must find new products that will attract people in the informal sector, speed up the readjustment of operations to equilibrium, and reduce risk. CEOs, bank managers, employees and policymakers should not expect immediate results regarding expected changes in bank risk. The results of actions taken in the current year to improve a bank's risk profile can only be seen in the following year. Therefore, there is a need for persistent adjustment and observation of decisions and policy actions if bank risk is to be minimised.D. Phil. (Management Studies (Finance, Risk Management and Banking))Finance, Risk Management and Bankin
Perceptions of indigenous ugandan men on the use of long acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs) by rural women
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Worldwide, unintended pregnancies remain a critical public health challenge, with 74 million women in low- and middle-income countries getting these pregnancies yearly. The African continent alone contributes about 25% of all unintended pregnancies globally. Even though not all unintended pregnancies are unwanted, they can lead to many health problems for mothers and children, like malnutrition, sickness, neglect, or abuse, as well as maternal and infant morbidities and mortalities. Globally, many women die due to complications related to childbirth, either during or after pregnancy. Contraceptives, especially for long-acting reversible Contraceptive methods (LARCs), are among the best interventions to reduce maternal death. LARCs help the mother delay pregnancy and allow for longer intervals in childbirth spacing. However, utilising LARCs globally and in Uganda remains low because of limited male partner support.
The purpose of this phenomenological qualitative research study was to elicit an understanding of the perceptions and beliefs of rural indigenous Ugandan men towards the use of LARCs by rural women. Ultimately the study designed strategies to enhance the uptake of those methods. Purposive sampling was used to identify 65 participants for focus group interviews and 30 for individual interviews comprising married men aged 20 to 49 years. The study was conducted in the Rubanda and Kiboga Districts of Uganda. The researcher used semi-structured questions for individual and focus group interviews.
The data analysis was done by transcribing the interviews, sorting the field notes, organising, and storing the data, listening to recordings, and reading field notes and interviews to look for patterns related to the perceptions and belief systems. Using the identified patterns, the researcher coded and categorised the data to build themes emerging on the phenomenon.
The study established negative perceptions and belief systems among rural indigenous Ugandan men regarding the use of LARCs by their rural women, which acted as barriers to utilisation. These perceptions included side effects, fears, desires, and cultural and religious beliefs. The study recommends strengthening social and behavioural change communication, strengthening service provision for LARCs, and monitoring and evaluation systems for LARCs. Additionally, policymakers should provide a conducive environment for LARC services provision, and the Ministry of Education and Sports, through health training institutions and universities, should prepare pre-service and in-service healthcare workers to provide LARC services
Pentecostalisation in the Devhula Lebowa Circuit of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Southern Africa: towards church growth and ecumenism
Get PDFThe growth of the Pentecostal movement is not only marked by the proliferation of the Pentecostal churches in Africa and the diaspora but also by the adaptation to the Pentecostalist practices particularly pneumatic experiences by mainline Christianity known as Pentecostalisation. Instead of completely joining the Pentecostal movement, some mainline churches adjust their practices to suit their congregants who are more pentecostalist and charismatically inclined. This article uses the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Southern Africa, the Devhula Lebowa Circuit, Limpopo province in South Africa as a case study to illustrate that the adaptation to Pentecostalist practices in the church is the source of church growth and ecumenism. This kind of adaptation has some implications in demonstrating that different Christian traditions can learn from one another to grow in terms of numbers. Secondly, it demonstrates that the Christian tradition can move towards unity by learning from one another instead of being divided along denominational lines. Through a participation observation method, this study shows that Pentecostalisation cannot be viewed negatively but should be revisited by scholars considering church growth and the notion of ecumenism.Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiolog