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An analysis of South Africa's manufacturing sector export potential using the Growth Identification and Facilitation Framework (GIFF)
No full textIncreased world trade has enhanced competition between manufacturers globally across countries. However, over the past 20 years, the manufacturing industry's share in South Africa's GDP, employment, and exports has been waning. In the wake of these changes, this study seeks to identify the potential export products of the South African manufacturing industry. Further, this study seeks to identify the sector's main constraining factors and suggest mitigation policies. To this end, the Growth Identification and Facilitation Framework (GIFF) is utilised. This is an industrial development approach that identifies other countries with similar economic endowments as South Africa whose manufacturing sectors and exports have grown relatively faster over the 20 years between 1998 and 2018, but which now have lost that export competitiveness. It is envisioned that if the benchmark countries can grow manufacturing export competitiveness relatively faster than South Africa by exporting these products, then South Africa may realize similar success by trailing their manufacturing sector and targeting similar goods for export.
Utilising the GIFF, this study identifies Vietnam, India and China as the benchmark countries and uses the Normalised Revealed Comparative Advantage (NRCA) index on 200 manufacturing sub-sectorial export data to determine the competitiveness of these subsectors from 1998 to 2018. A total of 24 manufacturing subsectors from the benchmark countries are identified for South Africa’s production focus. In addition, this study identifies scaling-up potential in subsectors where South Africa exhibits fast export growth through gaining more competitiveness in the export market. A total of 37 of the 199 South African manufacturing subsectors were found to be competitive as at 2018 and are forecast to remain competitive through to 2023. However, while 15 manufacturing subsectors were not found competitive, their NRCA has been increasing such that they are forecast to attain competitiveness by 2023. Of the 33 subsectors identified as labour-intensive and resource-intensive manufactures, the study found a general increase in imports of natural resource manufacturers, 25 of the 33 subsectors did not show any export competitiveness from 2000 to 2018 and neither are they forecast to gain it. Consequently, the lack of export competitiveness of these sectors may instead justify their importation as necessary raw materials for South Africa. However, within the list, South Africa possesses the capability to manufacture certain goods locally.
The study finds that rising wages in the benchmark countries presents an opportunity for South Africa to attract labour-intensive firms that seek new, low-cost production locations. However, while South Africa had the lowest electricity costs prior to 2017, from 2018 electricity costs for South Africa became the second highest among these countries which now suggests that other constraints may have limited the improvement of manufacturing competitiveness prior 2017. Compared with its benchmark countries, South Africa had the highest real interest rate in 2018, representing the highest cost of borrowing for manufacturers. The current sunset industries of China, India and Vietnam have potential to be South Africa’s sunrise industries that can improve locally manufactured exports and create local employment. This study concludes by recommending that South Africa improves the quality and policies governing exports, and that it addresses the constraints of interest rates, labour, and electricity costs (amongst other factors) to safeguard and strengthen the dynamics that enable South Africa’s competitive subsectors.Nakuba ukwanda kohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe kukhuphule ukuncintisana phakathi kwabakhiqizi emhlabeni jikelele, kule minyaka engama-20 edlule, isabelo semboni yezokukhiqiza ku-GDP yaseNingizimu Afrika, ukuqashwa kanye nokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe besilokhu sincipha. Ngemuva kwalezi zinguquko, lolu cwaningo luhlose ukuhlonza imikhiqizo engase ibe khona embonini yokukhiqiza yaseNingizimu Afrika. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lolu cwaningo luhlose ukuhlonza izici ezingqala eziyisithiyo kulo mkhakha futhi luphakamise nezinqubomgomo zokunciphisa lokhu. Kuze kube manje, kusetshenziswa i-Growth Identification and Facilitation Framework (GIFF). I-GIFF iyindlela yokuthuthukisa izimboni ehlonza amanye amazwe anekhono lezomnotho elifana nelaseNingizimu Afrika futhi imboni yawo yezokukhiqiza kanye nokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe kukhule ngokushesha uma kuqhathaniswa phakathi neminyaka engama-20 phakathi kunyaka we-1998 nowezi-2018 kodwa manje aselahlekelwe yilelo khono lokuncintisana kwamanye amazwe. Kucatshangwa ukuthi uma amazwe okulinganisa angakhulisa ukuncintisana kwezokukhiqiza ngokushesha kuneNingizimu Afrika ngokuthumela le mikhiqizo emazweni angaphandle, iNingizimu Afrika ingase ithole impumelelo efanayo ngokulandela umkhakha wawo wokukhiqiza futhi iqondise izimpahla ezifanayo ezizothunyelwa kwamanye amazwe.
Kusetshenziswa i-GIFF, lolu cwaningo luhlonza iVietnam, Indiya kanye neShayina njengamazwe okulinganisa futhi lisebenzisa inkomba ye-NRCA ye-Normalized Revealed Comparative Advantage (NRCA) kudatha yokukhiqiza enga-200 yokuthekelisa engaphansi ukuze kutholwe ukuncintisana kwalezi zigaba ezingaphansi kusukela ngonyaka we-1998 kuya kowezi-2018. Isamba sezigatshana zokukhiqiza ezingama-24 emazweni okulinganiswa ahlonzwe ukuze iNingizimu Afrika igxile ekukhiqizeni. Ukwengeza, lolu cwaningo luhlonza amandla okukhula emikhakheni engaphansi lapho iNingizimu Afrika ikhombisa ukukhula okusheshayo kokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe ngokuzuza ukuncintisana okwengeziwe emakethe yokuthekelisa. Isamba esingama-37 kweziyi-199 zezimboni zezokukhiqiza zaseNingizimu Afrika ezitholwe zikwazi ukuncintisana ngonyaka wezi-2018 futhi kubikezelwe ukuthi zizoqhubeka nokuncintisana kuze kube ngunyaka wezi-2023. Izigatshana eziyi-15 zokukhiqiza zitholakale zingakwazi ukuncintisana, nokho, i-NRCA yazo ibilokhu ikhula kangangokuthi kulindeleke ukuthi ifinyelele ukuncintisana ngonyaka wezi-2023. Ezigabeni ezingaphansi ezingama-33 ezihlonzwe njengabakhiqizi abasebenza kakhulu nabasebenzisa izinsizakusebenza, izigaba ezingaphansi ezingama-25 kwezingama-33 ezingabonisi noma yikuphi ukuncintisana kokuthekelisa phakathi konyaka wezi-2000 nowezi-2018 futhi azibikezeli ukuthi zizokuzuza. Ngakho-ke, ukuntuleka kokuncintisana kwamanye amazwe kwalezi zinkampani kungase kuthethelele ukungenisa kwazo izimpahla zokusetshenziswa ezidingekayo eNingizimu Afrika. Kodwa-ke, iNingizimu Afrika inamandla okwenza kuleli lizwe izimpahla ezithile ohlwini lokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe Ucwaningo luthola ukuthi ukukhuphuka kwezindleko zikagesi kanye nenzalo ephezulu yangempela
yizingqinamba emkhakheni wezokukhiqiza wezwe. Izimboni zamanje zokushona kwelanga eShayina,
eNdiya naseVietnam zinamandla okuba izimboni zaseNingizimu Afrika eziphuma ngaphandle,
zithuthukise ukuthengiswa okukhiqizwa kuleli kanye nokudala amathuba omsebenzi akuleli. Lolu
cwaningo luphetha ngokuncoma ukuthi iNingizimu Afrika kufanele ithuthukise izinga kanye
nezinqubomgomo ezilawula ukuthunyelwa kwayo emazweni angaphandle, nokuthi kufanele ibhekane
nezingqinamba zentela yenzuzo, izindleko zabasebenzi kanye nogesi (phakathi kwezinye izinto) ukuze
kuvikelwe futhi kuqinise amandla okwenza iNingizimu Afrika ibe nokuncintisana kwezigabaNangona urhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe ehlabathi lwandise ukhuphiswano phakathi kwabarhwebi behlabathi kule minyaka ingama-20 idluleyo, isabelo sabarhwebi baseMzantsi Afrika kwiGDP siya sisihla. Ngenxa yezi nguqu, esi sifundo sifuna ukuchonga iimveliso zorhwebo loMzantsi Afrika ezinokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. Ngaphezulu, esi sifundo sifuna ukuchonga izinto ezibambezela urhwebo, emva koko sicebise ngeenkqubo ezinokuba luncedo. Ukuze kuphunyezwe ezo ngcebiso, kusetyenziswe isakhelo sokusebenza esaziwa ngokuba yiGrowth Identification and Facilitation Framework (GIFF). Le GIFF yindlela yophuhliso echonga amanye amazwe anemithombo yezoqoqosho efanayo neyoMzantsi Afrika, mazwe lawo anamacandelo okuvelisa nokuthumela kumazwe ehlabathi akhule ngokukhawuleza kule minyaka idluleyo ingama-20 nebiphakathi kweminyaka ye-1998 kunye nama-2018 ekubonakala ukuba ngoku liyehla izinga lokhuphiswano phakathi kwaloo mazwe. Kukholelwa ukuba xa la mazwe achongiweyo enokukhulisa izinga lokhuphiswano ngokukhawuleza okudlula uMzantsi Afrika ekuthumeleni iimveliso zawo kwihlabathi liphela, uMzantsi Afrika unganempumelelo ekulandeleni loo macandelo amanye amazwe, nawo uzame ukuthumela iimveliso ezifanayo kumazwe ehlabathi Ngokusebenzisa iGIFF, esi sifundo sichonge iVietnam, i-India kunye neChina njengamazwe othelekiso, sabuya sasebenzisa isalathisi esiyiNormalised Revealed Comparative Advantage (NRCA) sengxelo yokuthunyelwa kweemveliso ezingama-200 kumazwe ehlabathi phakathi kweminyaka ye-1998 nama-2018 ngenjongo yokuqwalasela amandla okukhuphisana kula macandelo. Angama-24 ewonke amacandelo okuvelisa achongiweyo kula mazwe othelekiso, ngenjongo yokuqwalasela ukuvelisa koMzantsi Afrika. Ngaphaya koko, esi sifundo sichonge Amandla okuziphucula kumacandelo apho uMzantsi Afrika ubonakalisa ukukhawuleza kokukhula ekuthumeleni iimveliso ehlabathini ngokuthi ukhulise ukhuphiswano kwimarike yokuthumela iimveliso kwihlabathi ngokubanzi. Angama-37 kwi-199 amacandelo oMzantsi Afrika afumaniseka enokhuphiswano ngonyaka wama-2018, nekwaqikelelwa ukuba aya kuhlala enjalo de kube ngowama-2023. Amacandelo okuvelisa ali-15 afumaniseka engenalo ukhuphiswano, noxa kunjalo iNRCA yawo iyakhula, kangangokuba kuqikelelwa ukuba amandla awo okhuphiswano aya kuba ekhule ngokwaneleyo ngowama-2023. Kumacandelo angama-33 achongwe njengalawo asebenzisa nzima nafuna imithombo emininzi, angama-25 akabonisanga mandla okhuphiswano phakathi kweminyaka yama-2000 neyama-2018 kwaye akuqikelelwa ukuba angakhula loo mandla okhuphiswano. Ngoko ke, ukungabikho kwamandla okhuphiswano kula macandelo, ekuthumeleni iimveliso kwihlabathi kungasisizathu esivakalayo sokubizela ngaphakathi imithombo ekrwada yokuxhasa ukuvelisa eMzantsi Afrika. Noxa kunjalo, uMzantsi Afrika unawo Amandla okuvelisa iimveliso ezithile ezikuluhlu lwezo zidweliselwe ukubizelwa ngaphakathi. Esi sifundo sifumanise ukuba ukunyuka kwamaxabiso ombane nawenzala yeebhanki kuyimiqobo ekukhuleni kwecandelo lorhwebo. Urhwebo olukhoyo lweemveliso eziphelelwayo (olwaziwa ngokuba yisunset industries) eChina, eIndia naseVietnam lunakho ukukhokelela kurhwebo lweemveliso eziphelelwayo eMzantsi Afrika, lukhulise ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle kweemveliso ezenziwe apha ekhaya, ludale namathuba engqesho. Esi sifundo sivala ngokucebisa ukuba uMzantsi Afrika mawuphucule umgangatho nemigaqo nkqubo elawula ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle kweemveliso zawo, kwaye kufuneka uqwalasele imiqobo edalwa sisantya senzala yeebhanki, iindleko zokusebenza nezombane (phakathi kweminye imiba) ukwenzela ukuba ikhusele kwaye yomeleze imibandela eguquguqukayo ekhulisa amandla okhuphiswano kumacandelo orhwebo eMzantsi Afrika.M.A. (Economics)Colleges of Economic and Management Science
A model towards data integrity in hospital information systems for South Africa
No full textHealthcare decision-making heavily relies on data. However, maintaining data integrity remains a challenge. Human error and malware threats continue to threaten patients' health information. Further, software or system malfunctions, or configuration issues with electronic data handling, can negatively impact healthcare data quality. Data integrity ensures that the data is accurate and has not been altered in any way. A Data Integrity Model for Hospital Information Systems was developed using the Delphi technique. An expert panel evaluated and validated the components of the model. The results of the study show the need for a Data Integrity Model for South Africa and the components needed to develop one. This study contributes to the body of knowledge in developing such a novel model. Additionally, the Data Integrity model is considered relevant and potentially applicable to the improvement of Hospital Information Systems and similar health systems.School of Computin
Factors Preventing Teachers from Effectively Implementing Inclusive Education in Mainstream Classrooms in a Selected Combined School in South Africa.
No full textInclusive education (IE) was introduced in 2001 in South African schools. Still, its implementation in mainstream classrooms has not attained optimum potential. To highlight the shortcomings, this study explores factors preventing teachers from effectively implementing IE in a combined school. Qualitative data were collected through interviews, questionnaires, and document analysis. Thematic analysis results revealed teacher preparedness, among other factors, is impeding the effective implementation of IE in schools. Bronfenbrenner’s theory emphasised the need for collaboration to achieve systemic goals. The study recommends education authorities consider the shortcomings to strengthen teacher efficacy and student support, including endorsing school infrastructure IE compliant.College of Educatio
The impact of organised contraband smuggled into correctional facilities in the Gauteng region
No full textThe safety of correctional officials, criminals who are incarcerated, and people who are being held while awaiting trial are all seriously threatened by contraband in facilities. This study filled a gap in the literature in South Africa about the smuggling of contraband into correctional facilities. Data were collected at four correctional institutions among thirteen such facilities in the Gauteng region. In order to fully understand the phenomenon under inquiry, the researcher used a mixed-method approach, which combines both quantitative and qualitative methods of inquiry. The study examined contraband smuggling at the selected correctional facilities to address the topic under investigation. Correctional officials performed search and recovery operations to find and seize such unauthorized items after it was discovered that offenders were involved. The respondents, who comprised both inmates and officials, indicated that correctional officials, offenders, and visitors were conduits for contraband smuggling into correctional facilities. According to the data, inmates attacked correctional officials for gang-related reasons rather than problems with contraband. It was also discovered that in order to stop this pandemic, present policies and techniques to stop, identify, and remove contraband from correctional facilities need to be reassessed.Ph. D. (Correctional Services)Corrections Managemen
The relationship between perceived organisational support, job satisfaction and turnover intention in the aviation industry of South Africa
Get PDFThis research focused on the relationship between perceived organisational support, job satisfaction, and turnover intention. The objectives of the study were threefold. The first was to examine the relationship between perceived organisational support (as measured by the Survey of the Perceived Organisational Support), job satisfaction (as measured by the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire) and turnover intention (as measured by the Turnover Intention Scale). The second was to determine whether perceived organisational support and job satisfaction predict turnover intention. Lastly, to determine whether age, gender, employment level, education, and tenure groups differ regarding their perceived organisational support, job satisfaction and turnover intention. An online survey was administered to a non-probability convenience sample (N = 130) of full-time employees at the managerial and support levels of the South African aviation industry. The sample consisted of males (60.8%) and females (39.2%) between the ages of 30 (86%) and 60 years (13.8%). The Survey for perceived organisational support (SPOS), Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ) and Turnover Intention Scale (TIS) were used to gather data. Correlational analysis showed an association between perceived organisational support, job satisfaction and turnover intention. Multiple regression analyses supported that perceived organisational support and job satisfaction predict turnover intention. Recommendations were suggested for practice by human resource practitioners to develop employee retention strategies in the South African aviation industry.M. Com (Business Management)Business Managemen
The effects of liquidity and solvency on South African banks’ performance
No full textThis study examined the effects of liquidity and solvency on South African banks’ performance. The panel regression approach was used, applying panel data from 13 commercial banks over the period 2012 to 2022. The pooled ordinary least squares regression, fixed effects, random effects, and generalised methods of moments were used in the liquidity ratio, solvency ratio and bank performance regression analysis. However, the strategy using system-generalised methods of moments was chosen above the others since it resolved the endogeneity issue. The relationship between liquidity, leverage and bank performance was investigated due to fewer research made in the South African context especially the banking sector. Moreover, South African Banking sectors has gone through some interesting developments post-Apartheid era. Thus, the research's main objective is to build on past research on the South African banking context for a relationship between liquidity, leverage, and bank performance. There were contradictions on the relationship between liquidity and leverage and performance. Moreover, rarely was this phenomenon empirically tested in South African banks. Theory and a significant portion of empirical studies suggest a negative relationship between solvency and performance. While on the other hand theory postulates both negative and positive relationship between liquidity and bank performance.
The study had three objectives. The first being an examination of the relationship between liquidity coverage ratio and bank performance in South Africa. The second being to investigate the relationship between the net stable funding ratio and bank performance in South Africa. And the last being to examine the relationship between leverage and bank performance in South Africa.
The empirical findings indicate that the bank independent variables (liquidity and leverage) have diverse effects on bank performance, with liquidity having a negative impact. Leverage, on the other hand, had both positive and negative impacts on bank profitability. The results imply that leverage can be a double-edged sword that managers should carefully monitor as it is dependent on what you want to achieve. Also, though liquidity is a cost at it negatively affects performance it can equally enhance performance if the banks can optimise its management by taking advantage of ad hoc profitable projects. Future studies should investigate the impact of a pandemic like COVID-19 and digital disruptions on bank performance.M. Com. (Business Management)Finance, Risk Management and Bankin
Strategies for improving utilization of youth-friendly health services in Blantyre, Malawi
Get PDFIn sub-Saharan Africa, the utilisation of youth-friendly health services (YFHSs) remains unsatisfactory among the youth despite global agreements concerning their importance. The aim of this study was to develop strategies for improving the utilisation of YFHSs in rural and urban Blantyre, Malawi. A sequential, explanatory, mixed-method approach, with the quantitative method in phase one and the qualitative method in phase two, was used. In turn, the two phases informed the development of strategies for improving the utilisation of YFHSs in phase three.
The study population for phase one comprised female and male unmarried youths aged 10 to 24. Multistage sampling was used to randomly sample (N=293) unmarried youths. Phase two’s study population comprised service providers from the selected health facilities (N=6) and youths (N=24).
Phase one’s data were collected using a structured questionnaire, and it was analysed using a computerised statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 26. Chi-square (X²) was used to test the significance of the association between variables, and p-value (p < 0.05) was considered significant. Regression analysis was used to examine independent variables’ influence on the utilisation of the services.
For phase two, a semi-structured interview guide was used for individual interviews with service providers, and a discussion guide for focus group discussions. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data for phase two.
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Results revealed that less than half of the respondents had ever utilised YFHSs (43%). Six themes emerged from both quantitative and qualitative results as factors that influence the utilisation of YFHSs; lack of recreation and sporting activities and equipment supporting the same, lack of dedicated space for the provision of YFHSs, lack of knowledge, the need for youth-to-youth promotion, the need for female and male YFHS providers, and healthcare providers’ attitude.
Strategies aimed at increasing the utilisation of YFHSs were developed in phase three to increase contraceptive uptake and reduce unintended pregnancies and their associated complications.Health Studie
A decolonial perspective on the practice of unveiling tombstones in Pentecostal and Charismatic churches in South Africa
No full textTombstone, the practice of demarcating a grave and unveiling it in some instances, has been common since ancient times. The practice is related to marking the grave in order to remember its geographical location, and subsequently for future generations to identify with it. This practice is very common in a South African context, especially in African traditional religion (ATR). In addition, they would have other ceremonies to revisit the grave and/or the tombstone of their loved one as
a way of remembering them. However, some Pentecostal and Charismatic churches prohibit this practice as ancestral worship. This article argues that the erection and unveiling of tombstones does not necessarily need to be understood as ancestral worship. A distinction needs to be made between ancestral worship and ancestral commemoration in an African context. The conclusion is that when the practice of unveiling tombstones is carried out as a way of remembering and showing
respect to our ancestors, but not worshiping and revering them, this practice should be supported by Christians from Pentecostal and Charismatic churches as well. There is therefore a need, from a decolonial perspective, to use the missional hermeneutics of discernment and naked truth to provide a proper biblical and acceptable Christian practice of the unveiling of the tombstone in the South
African context.Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiolog
Perceived values impacting purchase decisions of young African student consumers in small Lephalale retailers
Get PDFThe young African adult population, particularly in Lephalale and South Africa, is a significant demographic group with substantial purchasing power, therefore holding great potential for future economic growth. The study aimed to research the perceived values of young African adult students in Lephalale that influence their decision-making when making purchases from small retailers. Small and medium enterprises substantially influence the African economy because they account for between 51 and 57 per cent of South Africa’s gross domestic product. However, up to 40 per cent of these businesses fail during their first year of operation.
To achieve the secondary objectives, hypotheses were devised, with the secondary objectives serving to support the primary objective. In this study, 202 young adult African students aged 16 to 26 registered at the Lephalale Technical Vocational Education and Training College participated in a questionnaire-based survey using a quantitative research methodology. To conduct the survey, a probability simple random sampling technique was utilised. Following the cleaning of the data, descriptive (univariate analysis, frequencies), inferential (bivariate correlations inferential t-test, ANOVA), and path analysis (total impact and direct effects models) methods were used to test the hypotheses and measure the objectives.
The findings showed that young adult African students consider utilitarian, hedonistic, and social values, albeit at varying levels of importance, while making purchase decisions. Young African adult students responded that social values (social identity and social self-image) had the greatest influence on their intention to purchase. Young African adult students’ purchase intentions appeared to be influenced by a smaller but significant amount of hedonic value. Utilitarian value, however, had relatively little influence on the purchase intentions of young adult African students. While customer satisfaction was discovered to be a powerful predictor of repeat purchase behaviour. When customer satisfaction is used as a mediator, it indicates that purchase intention improves because of the mediated influence of perceived values.
Therefore, it is recommended that small independent sellers should create market strategies that enhance the social and hedonic value that young African adults place on shopping in Lephalale in order to win their commitment.Setšhaba sa bafsabagolwane ba Afrika, kudukudu ka Lephalale le Afrika Borwa, ke sehlopha se bohlokwa sa tshedimošo ka ga setšhaba seo se nago le maatla a magolo a go reka, ka gona se swere bokgoni bjo bogolo bja kgolo ya ekonomi ya ka moso. Maikemišetšo a dinyakišišo tše e be e le go nyakišiša maikutlo a moreki a baithuti ba bafsabagolwane ba Afrika ka Lephalale ao a huetšago go tšea ga bona diphetho ge ba reka go dikgwebopotlana. Dikgwebo tše nnyane le tša magareng di na le khuetšo ye kgolo go ekonomi ya Afrika ka lebaka la gore di tšea magareng ga diphesente tše 51 le tše 57 tša palomoka ya ditšweletšwa tša ka nageng tša Afrika Borwa. Le ge go le bjalo, go fihla go diphesente tše 40 tša dikgwebo tše di a palelwa ngwageng wa tšona wa mathomo wa go šoma.
Go fihlelela maikemišetšo a tlaleletšo, go ile gwa hlangwa dikakanyokgolo, ka maikemišetšo a tlaleletšo a šoma go thekga nepo ya motheo. Dinyakišišong tše, baithuti ba bafsabagolwane ba 202 ba Afrika ba mengwaga ye 16 go ya go ye 26 bao ba ingwadišitšego Kholetšheng ya Thuto le Tlhahlo ya Bothekniki bja Mešomo ya Lephalale ba kgathile tema tekolonyakišišong ye e theilwego godimo ga lenaneopotšišo go šomišwa mokgwa wa nyakišišo ya bontši. Go dira tekolonyakišišo, go dirišitšwe thekniki ye bonolo ya go dira sampole ka go se kgethe. Ka morago ga go hlwekiša datha, mekgwa ya tlhalošo (tshekatsheko ya go fapafapatšha gatee, mabokgafetšakgafetšo), phapantšho (tekolo ya go bapetša tshekatsheko ya nyalantšho ya go fapantšha gabedi ANOVA), le tshekatsheko ya diponagatšo tša datha (mehuta ya palomoka ya khuetšo le diabethwii) e ile ya šomišwa go lekola dikakanyokgolo le go lekanya maikemišetšo.
Diphihlelelo di bontšhitše gore baithuti ba bafsabagolwane ba Afrika ba lebeledišiša boleng bja tirišo ya setšweletšwa, boipshino le leago, le ge e le gore di maemong a go fapana a bohlokwa, mola ba dira diphetho tša go reka. Baithuti ba bafsabagolwane ba Afrika ba arabile ka gore maitshwaro a tša leago (boitšhupo bja leago le go ipona ga tša leago) di bile le khuetšo ye kgolo kudu maikemišetšong a bona a go reka. Maikemišetšo a go reka a baithuti ba bafsabagolwane ba Afrika a bonala a huetšwa ke palo ye nnyane eupša ye bohlokwa ya boleng bja boipshino. Le ge go le bjalo, boleng bja tirišo ya setšweletšwa bo bile le khuetšo ye nnyane kudu maikemišetšong a go reka a baithuti ba bafsabagolwane ba Afrika. Mola kgotsofalo ya bareki e utolotšwe e le selo se maatla sa go bolela e sa le pele ka boitshwaro bja go reka gape. Ge kgotsofalo ya bareki e šomišwa bjalo ka monamodi, e laetša gore maikemišetšo a go reka a a kaonafala ka lebaka la khuetšo ye e tsenago gare ya maitshwaro ao a lemogwago.
Ka gona, go šišinywa gore barekiši ba bannyane ba ikemetšego ba swanetše go hlama maano a mmaraka ao a godišago boleng bja leago le bja lethabo bjoo bafsabagolwane ba Afrika ba bo beago mo go rekeng ka Lephalale gore ba fihlelele boikgafo bja bona.M. Comm. (Retail and Marketing Management)Colleges of Economic and Management Science
Search for resonant WZ production in the fully leptonic final state in proton–proton collisions at s = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector
No full textAbstract
A search for a WZ resonance, in the fully leptonic final state (electrons or muons), is performed using 139 fb
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of data collected at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The results are interpreted in terms of a singly charged Higgs boson of the Georgi–Machacek model, produced by WZ fusion, and of a Heavy Vector Triplet, with the resonance produced by WZ fusion or the Drell–Yan process. No significant excess over the Standard Model prediction is observed and limits are set on the production cross-section times branching ratio as a function of the resonance mass for these processes