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A legal analysis of the governance and management of natural resources in Africa: the cases of Nigeria and South Africa
No full textThe UN Resolution 1803 of 1962 on Permanent Sovereignty over Natural Resources (PSNR) was a catalyst for rethinking the ownership and governance of natural resources. In terms of the Resolution, the state is at the centre of the ownership and governance of natural resources, as prescribed by international law and the relevant municipal laws, to create and sustain socio-economic development for its people. Africa is endowed with vast natural resources, yet Africa remains the most socio-economically deprived continent in the world. A key reason for this deprivation is the poor management and control of natural resources. Using the comparative legal method, this study explores the management and control of national resources in Africa, with reference to the most endowed and leading economies in Africa: Nigeria and South Africa. The study finds a fracture in the relationship between natural resource endowment in Africa and the optimal socio-economic development of the people in the two countries, contrary to the PSNR principles. This disconnect stems from the legacy of colonial legislation and administration, which is evident and dominant in the post-colonial governmental attitude of self-seeking through elite nationalism. Furthermore, this study shows a huge divide between the state’s and the people’s shared rights in the international law provisions on natural resources. The state has usurped the inherent shared rights to the ownership and governance of natural resources. This triggers asymmetries in the ownership and governance balance, which impede the socio-economic development benefits expected of natural resource ownership. The study proposes reforms in African countries’ domestic natural resource legislation to infuse the PSNR principles. The study suggests a supranational framework for controlling and managing natural resources in Africa – the African Natural Resources Regulatory Panel (ANRRP) – which is inspired by the EU’s natural resource control and management frameworkL.L.DCollege of La
The link between foreign aid and economic growth in Africa : does the source of aid matter
Get PDFThis study empirically investigates the aid-growth nexus in 51 African countries composed of 25 low-income and 26 middle-income countries during the period 2000-2017. Within the context of the current changing global aid landscape since 2000, the study uses three proxies of aid, namely: total aid, traditional aid, and non-traditional aid to examine this nexus and the debate on aid effectiveness. The study investigates the impact of aid on growth, as well as the direction of causality between them based on a system generalised method of moments and a Granger causality analysis using the error correction model (ECM)-based multivariate panel causality approach, respectively. The main findings show that both the impact of aid on growth and their causal relationship depend on the different proxies of aid used to measure aid and country income groups in Africa. The study finds that traditional aid has been effective for growth in middle-income countries, while it was not effective in low-income countries. It also shows that total aid and non-traditional aid have been ineffective for growth regardless of country income groups. Furthermore, this study found that the direction of causality between aid and growth has been bidirectional for total aid and traditional aid in low-income countries, while it is unidirectional from total aid to growth, and from growth to traditional aid in middle-income countries in the short run. In the long run, there is evidence of unidirectional causality from growth to aid irrespective of the country’s income groups for total aid and non-traditional aid proxies. For traditional aid proxy, there is evidence of long-run unidirectional causality from growth to aid in middle-income countries. The main policy implications of this study are that: (i) traditional aid should continue to rise in middle-income countries; (ii) donors and governments of low-income countries should focus on designing more effective strategies to re-direct traditional aid towards the growth-enhancing productive sectors to support growth in their countries; and (iii) donors and governments of middle-income countries should work together to harmonise aid flows and at least replicate the success of traditional aid to make non-traditional aid supportive for growth in their countries.D. Phil. (Economics)Economic
Calibration of the light-flavour jet mistagging efficiency of the b-tagging algorithms with Z+jets events using 139 fb - 1 of ATLAS proton–proton collision data at s = 13 TeV
No full textAbstract
The identification of b-jets, referred to as b-tagging, is an important part of many physics analyses in the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider and an accurate calibration of its performance is essential for high-quality physics results. This publication describes the calibration of the light-flavour jet mistagging efficiency in a data sample of proton–proton collision events at
s
=
13
TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 139 fb
-
1
. The calibration is performed in a sample of Z bosons produced in association with jets. Due to the low mistagging efficiency for light-flavour jets, a method which uses modified versions of the b-tagging algorithms referred to as flip taggers is used in this work. A fit to the jet-flavour-sensitive secondary-vertex mass is performed to extract a scale factor from data, to correct the light-flavour jet mistagging efficiency in Monte Carlo simulations, while simultaneously correcting the b-jet efficiency. With this procedure, uncertainties coming from the modeling of jets from heavy-flavour hadrons are considerably lower than in previous calibrations of the mistagging scale factors, where they were dominant. The scale factors obtained in this calibration are consistent with unity within uncertainties
The impact of small-scale food gardens on household food security in Peri-Urban areas of Ray Nkonyeni Municipality, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Get PDFText in English with abstracts in English, isiZulu and TsongaThe impact of small-scale food gardens on household food security was investigated. A
descriptive, quantitative research was followed. Systematic random sampling was adopted to
select 360 participants. Data was collected using structured questionnaire and analysed
descriptively and through binary logistic regression using SPSS version 27. Results showed
that food gardening was prevalent in the area. Binary logistic regression revealed that marital
status and education were marginally significant with gardening at p<0.10. Household
members, access to land and agricultural experience was highly significant at p<0.05. HFIAS
showed most households (40.3%) were moderately food insecure, however; food gardening
participants were more food insecure (79.3%) than non-food gardeners (50.5%). HDDS
results showed that majority of the participants had high dietary score (10.5). Therefore, this
means that food gardening alone and without support is not enough to reduce food insecurity.
Therefore, exploring other income generation activities and supporting of home gardeners is
recommended.Kwaphenywa ngomthelela wezingadi zokudla ezincane ekuvikelekeni kokudla emakhaya.
Kwalandelwa ucwaningo oluchazayo, lobuningi, futhi ukusampula okungahleliwe
nokuhlelekile kwamukelwa ukuze kukhethwe ababambiqhaza abangama-360. Idatha
yaqoqwa kusetshenziswa uhlu lwemibuzo oluhlelekile futhi yahlaziywa ngendlela echazayo
nangokuhlehliswa kwezinhlelo zemodeli yobudlelwano phakathi kwesethi yekuguquguqukayo
okuzimele kanye nokuhluka okuncike kokuhamba ngabubili kusetshenziswa inguqulo ye SPSS 27. Imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi izingadi zokudla zazidlangile endaweni ephenywayo.
Imiphumela iveze ukuthi ukulinywa kwengadi yokudla bekudlangile endaweni esaphenywayo.
Ukuhlehla kokusebenza kanambambili kwembula ukuthi isimo somshado kanye nemfundo
kwakubaluleke kancane ngokulima engadini ku-p<0.10. Amalungu omndeni, ukufinyelela
kumhlaba kanye nolwazi lwezolimo kwakubaluleke kakhulu ku-p<0.05. I-HFIAS ikhombise
ukuthi iningi lamakhaya (40.3%) belingenakho ukudla okusesilinganisweni; nokho,
abahlanganyeli bezingadi zokudla bebengavikeleki kakhulu ngokudla (79.3%) kunabalimi
abangalindi ukudla kwezingadi (50.5%). Imiphumela ye-HDDS ikhombise ukuthi iningi
labahlanganyeli lalinamaphuzu aphezulu okudla (10.5). Ngakho-ke, lokhu kusho ukuthi
ukulima ingadi yokudla kukodwa ngaphandle kokusekelwa akwanele ukunciphisa
ukungavikeleki kokudla. Uma kubhekwa imiphumela, kunconywa ukuhlola ezinye izinto
zokungenisa imali kanye nokweseka abalimi basemakhaya.Mbuyelo wa swirhapa leswitsongo swa swakudya eka mfikelelo wa swakudya swa le makaya
wu lavisisiwile. Ndzavisiso wa nhlayo lowu hlamuselaka wu landzeleriwile, naswona endlelo
ra sampulu yo tlovatlova ri tirhisiwile ku hlawula vatekaxiave vo ringana 360. Datara yi
hlengeletiwile hi ku tirhisa swivutiso leswi lulamisiweke hi nkarhi na ku xopaxopiwa hi ndlela
yo hlamusela na hi endlelo ra swiyenge swimbirhi ntsena hi ku tirhisa vhexini ya SPSS 27.
Mbuyelo wu kombisile leswaku ku rima swakudya a swi tele ngopfu eka ndhawu leyi a yi
lavisisiwa. Endlelo ra swiyenge swimbirhi ntsena ri humeserile erivaleni leswaku ku tekiwa
na dyondzo na ku rima swirhapa a swi ri na nkoka.hi p<0.10. Swirho swa ndyangu, mfikelelo
eka misava na ntokoto wa swa vurimi a swi ri na nkoka wa le henhla hi p<0.05. HFIAS yi
kombisile leswaku mindyangu yotala (40.3%) a yi kayivela swakudya; hambiswiritano;
vatekaxiave vo rima swirhapa hi vona a va ri na nkayivelo wa swakudya hi vunyingi (79.3%)
ku tlula lava nga rimeku swirhapa. (50.5%). Mbuyelo wa HDDS wu kombisile leswaku
vatekaxiave vanyingi a va ri na mikutlunya ya le hehla ya swakudya (10.5). Hikwalaho, leswi
swi vula leswaku ku rima swirhapa swi ri swoxe ku ri hava nseketelo a swi ringanelanga ku
hunguta nkayivelo wa swakudya. Hi ku tekela enhlokweni mbuyelo, ku valanga migingiriko
yin'wana yo endla mali na ku nyika nseketelo eka varimi va le kaya va swirhapa swa
bumabumeriwa.M Sc. (Agriculture)Agriculture and Animal Healt
The ecological assessment of the influence of anthropogenic activities on Palala River, Limpopo, South Africa
Get PDFWater quality integrity deterioration is a severe global issue due to urbanisation, population growth, pollution and other anthropogenic activities threatening freshwater integrity. Anthropogenic activities alter freshwater integrity which leads to negative impacts on general ecological functioning of rivers. The current study was conducted along the Palala River in the Waterberg district in Limpopo, South Africa. The study was designed to employ multivariate and multimeric methods to determine relationships between environmental variables and macroinvertebrate communities. Macroinvertebrates were used to assess spatial and temporal changes in water quality using SASS5 (South African Scoring System version 5). The ecological status of the Palala River was clearly revealed through measuring of nutrient concentrations and environmental variables that influence water quality, and the macroinvertebrate communities that are found within the river. The results indicated the water quality was significantly impacted by changes in chloride concentrations at the site which had the most human interactions. The multivariate analysis revealed that macroinvertebrate communities were impacted by changes in the concentrations of chlorides (Cl-), total dissolved solids (TDS), as well as electrical conductivity (EC). Additionally, simple linear regression indicated that the abovementioned environmental variables had an impact on Taxa richness, total abundance and taxa diversity. The river was revealed to be in a natural state as it drains through upstream (P1 and P2) and midstream sampling sites (P3 and P4). Interestingly, there was a massive improvement in water quality as the river drains within Lapalala Wilderness Reserve (sites P3 and P4). Unfortunately, there was a dramatic decrease in water quality as the river exited the reserve draining through downstream sites P5 and P6. The sampling site P5 was highly impacted by human settlements and domesticated livestock increasing nutrient concentrations in the river. The results revealed that an increase in chloride concentrations affected macroinvertebrate abundances at sampling site P5. Sampling site P5 was dominated by highly tolerant taxa at 75%, intermediate 25% and 0% sensitive taxa. The tolerant animals such as Chironomidae, Hydracarina and Ceratopogonidae were found in abundance at this site. The highest recorded SASS5 score was 165 at sampling site P4 and lowest was 80 at sampling site P5. The highest ASPT score was 8,5 at sampling site P3 and lowest was 3.8 at sampling site P6. The scores indicated that the river was severely impaired at sites P5 and P6.M.A. (Environmental Science)Environmental Science
The development of well-being model for middle managers in a financial services organisation
Get PDFIncludes summaries in Zulu and SepediThere has been significant growth and changes in the financial services industry, in general and in operations departments, in particular, over the recent years, due to fourth industrial revolution, technology, competition, client behaviour, financial products and services, digitisation and advent of artificial intelligence. These changes have impact on employees, particularly, middle managers’ well-being given their role and level in the hierarchy of the organizations. The research project focused on developing a well-being model for middle managers in a financial services organisation by establishing the relationship between middle managers’ dispositional attributes (personality types and emotional competencies) and the positive psychological functioning attribute (Spiritual Well-being).
Three hundred and ninety-one (391) participants as a sample of middle managers from the Operations department of a South African financial services organisation with a staff compliment of 621 of middle managers across the country, were randomly selected to represent biographical factors (race, age, gender, and tenure) of middle managers in the department. One hundred and fifty (150) participants returned all three questionnaires (MBTI, ESCQ and SWBQ) and these could subsequently be used for statistical analysis. Of the 150 participants 40 (26.67%) were male and 110 (73.33%) were female, Africans were most represented at 47% of the sample, followed by Coloured category at 27%. The last two categories were White (15%) and Indian (12%).
The research goal was accomplished using a survey design. The statistical association between the three dimensions (personality types, emotional competence, and spiritual well-being) was investigated using a cross-sectional quantitative technique. Multiple regression analyses indicated that the main construct variables that influence participants’ psychological well-being models appear to be their emotional competencies, moderated by personality types, which predict how the middle managers tend to be spiritually well within an organisation. The analysis also showed how age, race and years of service (tenure) tend not to influence how participants express their emotions. The partial least square structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) indicated a good fit of the data with the correlation-derived measurement model. Tests for mean differences discovered that participants did not differ significantly in terms of their age, race, and years of service (tenure).
The study made a significant contribution to the bulk of knowledge in the field of Industrial and Organisational Psychology. On a theoretical level, the study deepened the understanding of the individual and cognitive, affective, conative and relations management dimensions of the hypothesised psychological well-being model. On an empirical level, the study developed an empirically tested psychological well-being model that informs well-being practices for individual middle managers and organisational levels. On a practical level, dispositional and well-being practices that inform the dimensions of the psychological well-being model were recommended.Kube nokukhula okuphawulekayo kanye nezinguquko embonini yezinsizakalo zezezimali, jikelele kanye naseminyangweni yokusebenza, ikakhulukazi, eminyakeni yamuva, ngenxa yenguquko yesine yezimboni, ubuchwepheshe, ukuncintisana, ukuziphatha kwamakhasimende, imikhiqizo yezezimali kanye nezinsizakalo, ukufakwa kwedijithali kanye nokufika kokulingiswa kwezinqubo zobuhlakani bomuntu ngezinhlelo zamakhompiyutha. Lezi zinguquko zinomthelela kubasebenzi, ikakhulukazi, inhlalakahle yabaphathi abaphakathi uma kubhekwa indima yabo kanye nezinga ekuphathweni kwezinhlangano. Le phrojekthi yocwaningo igxile ekuthuthukiseni uhlelo oluyisibonelo sokuphila kahle kubaphathi abasezingeni elimaphakathi enkampanini esiza ngohlinzekomali ngokubheka ubudlelwano phakathi kwesimo sengqondo ekuziphatheni kwabaphathi abasezingeni elimaphakathi (izinhlobo zesimo somuntu kanye nokukwazi ukulawula imizwa) kanye nesimo sokusebenza kahle kwengqondo (ukuphila kahle ngokomoya).
Ababambiqhaza abangamakhulu amathathu namashumi ayisishiyagalolunye nanye (391) njengesampula yabaphathi abaphakathi bomnyango wokuSebenza wenhlangano
yezinsizakalo zezezimali eNingizimu Afrika enabasebenzi abangama-621 babaphathi abaphakathi ezweni lonke, bakhethwa ngokungahleliwe ukuze bamele izici zokuphila (uhlanga, ubudala, ubulili kanye nokuhlala) kwabaphathi abaphakathi emnyangweni.
Abahlanganyeli abayikhulu namashumi amahlanu (150) babuyisele lonke uhlu lwemibuzo emithathu (MBTI, ESCQ kanye ne-SWBQ) futhi lokhu kungase kusetshenziselwe ukuhlaziywa kwezibalo. Kwabahlanganyeli abangu-150 abangu-40 (26.67%) ngabesilisa kanti abangu-110 (73.33%) ngabesifazane, abase-Afrika bamelwe kakhulu ku-47% wesampula, kulandele isigaba samaKhaladi ngama-27%. Izigaba ezimbili zokugcina bekungabaMhlophe (15%) kanye namaNdiya (12%).
Umgomo wocwaningo ufezwe kusetshenziswa umklamo wocwaningo. Ukuhlotshaniswa kwezibalo phakathi kobukhulu obuthathu (izinhlobo zobuntu, ikhono lemizwelo, nokuphila kahle ngokomoya) kwaphenywa kusetshenziswa uhlobo lomklamo wocwaningo lwezinombolo, olungasiwo wokuhlola. Ukuhlaziywa okuningi kokubuyiseleka emuva kukhombisa ukuthi izimo ezinqala zokwakha ezinomthelela ohlelweni oluyisibonelo sokuphila kahle kwengqondo yababambiqhaza zibonakala sengathi zingamakhono abo okukwazi ukulawula imizwa alinganiselwa ngokwezinhlobo zesimo somuntu, okubikezela ukuthi abaphathi abasemazingeni amaphakathi bavame kanjani ukuba kahle ngokomoya enkampanini. Ukuhlaziywa kuphinde kukhombise ukuthi iminyaka yobudala, ubuhlanga kanye neminyaka yokusebenza (isikhathi esihlaliwe emsebenzini) akuvamile ukuba nomthelela endleleni ababambiqhaza abaveza ngayo imizwa yabo. Izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokubheka indlela yokuziphatha (PLS-SEM) zikhombisa ukuhambisana kahle kwemininingo nohlelo oluyisibonelo lokulinganisa oluhlola ukuhambisana. Ukuhlolwa komehluko ojwayelekile kuveza ukuthi ababambiqhaza abahluki kakhulu ngokweminyaka yabo yobudala, ngokobuhlanga kanye nangokweminyaka yokusebenza (isikhathi esihlaliwe emsebenzini). Ucwaningo luphonsa okuningi esivivaneni maqondana nolwazi olunzulu emkhakheni wokuPhila Kahle Ngokwengqondo Emsebenzini Nasenkampanini. Ezingeni lenjulalwazi, ucwaningo luqinisa ukuqonda komuntu ngamunye kanye nezigaba zezilinganiso zokukwazi ukuqonda kahle kwengqondo, zokuthintayo, zokuxhumanisayo kanye nezokuphathwa kobudlelwano nohlelo oluyisibonelo sokuphila kahle ngokwengqondo. Ezingeni locwaningo olufakazelwe, lolu cwaningo lwakha uhlelo oluyisibonelo sokuphila kahle ngokwegqondo esifakazelwe nesinomthelela ezindleleni zokuphatheka kahle kubaphathi abasezingeni elimaphakathi ngabanye kanye nasemazingeni enkampani. Ezingeni lokwenza umsebenzi, kunconywa izindlela zesimo sengqondo nokuphatheka kahle okunomthelela ezigabeni zezilinganiso zokuphila kahle ngokwengqondo.Intasteri ya ditirelo tša ditšhelete le mafapha a ditshepedišo, a itemogetše phetogo e kgolo mengwageng ye e fetilego ka lebaka la tsogelo ya bone ya intaseteri, theknolotši, phadišano, maitshwaro a bareki, ditšweletšwa le ditirelo tša ditšhelete, tšhomišo ya titšithale le bohlale bja maitirelo. Diphetogo tše di na le khuetšo mo go itekanela gabotse ga bašomi, kudukudu balaodi ba magareng ka lebaka la mošomo le maemo a bona mekgatlong. Maikemišetšo a protšeke ya nyakišišo ke go hlama mmotlolo wa go itekanela ga balaodi ba magareng mokgatlong wa ditirelo tša ditšhelete ka go laetša kamano ya dika tša tshekamelo (dimelo tša batho le bokgoni bja go tšweletša maikutlo) magareng ga balaodi ba magareng le seka se se phosithifi sa go šoma gabotse ga mogopolo (go itekanela semoyeng).
Nyakišišo e šomišitše mokgwa wa go kgetha dikemedi fela go tšwa go balaodi ba magareng ba makgolo a mararo le masomesenyane tee (391) nageng ka bophara bao ba šomago lefapheng la Ditshepedišo la mokgatlo wa ditirelo tša ditšhelete wa Afrika Borwa wo o nago le bašomi ba 621 go balaodi ba magareng. Batšeakarolo ba balaodi ba magareng ba kgethilwe fela go ba dikemedi go ya ka (morafe, mengwaga, bong, le mengwaga ya bona ya tirelo) lefapheng. Batšeakarolo ba lekgolo le masome a mahlano (150) ba tladitše mananeopotšišo a mararo ka moka (MBTI, ESCQ le SWBQ) gomme datha ye e šomišitšwe go sekaseka dipalopalo. Go batšeakarolo ba 150, ba 40 (26.67%) ke banna gomme ba 110 (73.33%) ke basadi, palo ya maAafrika ke (47%), ba latelwa ke morafe wa Makhalate ka (27%). Dihlopha tše pedi tša mafelelo ke Bašweu (15%) le maIndia (12%).
Nyakišišo e šomišitše mokgwa wa tekolo go kgoboketša datha. Kamano ya dipalopalo magareng ga dika tše tharo (dimelo tša batho, bokgoni bja go tšweletša maikutlo le go itekanela semoyeng) go sekasekilwe ka go šomiša mokgwa wa go kgoboketša datha wa khwanthithethifi. Tshekatsheko ya nyakišišo e laetša gore dibariabole tšeo di huetšago go itekanela gabotse mogopolong ga batšeakarolo ke bokgoni bja bona bja go tšweletša maikutlo bjo bo lekanetšwago le dimelo tša bona, le go laetšago go itekanela moyeng ga balaodi ba magareng ka gare ga mokgatlo. Diphihlelelo di laetša gape gore mengwaga, morafe le mengwaga ya tirelo (mošomo) ga e huetše ka moo batšeakarolo ba tšweletšago maikutlo a bona. Mokgwa wa tshekatsheko (PLS-SEM) o laeditše kamano e botse ya datha le mokgwa wa go sekaseka tekanyo wo o šomišitšwego. Diteko tša diphapano tša magareng di utolla gore batšeakarolo aba fapani go ya ka mengwaga ya bona, morafe le mengwaga ya tirelo (mošomo). Nyakišišo ye e tlaleletša go tsebo yeo e lego gona go lefapha la Saekholotši ya Intasteri le ya Mokgatlo. Nyakišišo ya thuto e tlaleletša go botsebi bja dikarolo tša motho tša temogo, maikutlo, go laetša maiteko le taolo ya tswalano ya mmotlolo wa go itekanela mogopolong wo o akantšwego. Phihlelelo ya nyakišišo e tšweletša mmotlolo wo o lekotšwego wa go itekanela gabotse mogopolong wo o hlalošago maitshwaro a go itekanela ga balaodi ba magareng le boemo bja mokgatlo. Nyakišišo e šišinya mekgwa ya maitshwaro le ya go phela gabotse yeo e hlalošago mmotlolo wa go itekanela mogopolong.D. Phil (Psychology)Psycholog
An animation-based teaching and learning framework for struggling introductory programming students
Get PDFIntroductory programming can be challenging for educators to teach and students to learn. Some students struggle to comprehend introductory programming topics like the uses of assignment, decisions, loops, functions and other basic principles of programming. Such struggling students are referred to as Struggling Introductory Programming Students (SIPS) in this study. The struggle to comprehend these basic programming concepts often results in a low success rate and a low pass rate in the module itself. Furthermore, the situation can exacerbate the attrition rate in computing or computing-related courses.
In this study, various methods of teaching and learning to program were investigated. It was found that the use of animations in teaching and learning can have a significant impact on enhancing SIPS comprehension of introductory programming concepts. As a result, we developed a Teaching and Learning Programming with Animation Programs (TLPAP) framework that can aid SIPS in comprehending the basic programming principles in a text-based programming environment. TLPAP consists of two sets of animation programs, namely introductory animation programs for introducing a new concept and animation programs that are accompanied by problem specifications. Furthermore, the TLPAP framework includes a set of compatible pedagogical guidelines for teaching and learning introductory programming with animation programs. The inclusion of the pedagogical guidelines serves as one of the essential elements within the TLPAP framework.
To test the efficacy of the TLPAP framework, we adopted an action research methodology with the actual SIPS from the university participating. The action research methodology made it possible for the researcher to reflect and continually improve the design of the animation programs and pedagogical guidelines within action cycles. The SIPS were divided into two groups: an experimental and a control group. The experimental group was taught by following the TLPAP framework; the control group was taught without following the TLPAP framework. The results were compared through pre-teaching and post-teaching algorithm exercises and the application of qualitative Structure of Observed Learning Outcomes – adapted (SOLO-adapted) evaluations. During the cycles, patterns of improvements were found in the experimental group as compared to the control group and the TLPAP framework was finalised.In hierdie studie, het ons die beste moontlike metodes vir die onderrig en leer van inleidende programmeringskonsepte (IPK) deur middel van ’n aksienavorsingsmetodologie ondersoek. Die plan was spesifiek om ’n onderrig- en leerraamwerk vir sukkelende inleidende programmeringstudente (SIPS) te ontwikkel. Die gebruik van fisiese manipulasies as hulpmiddels om inleidende programmering te onderrig en te leer, is in die eerste siklus (2019, semester 2, en 2020, semester 1) van aksienavorsing ingespan. Ons het gevind dat die gebruik van fisiese manipulasies tot ’n sekere mate kan help in die onderrig en leer van IPK, maar dat dit beperk is op ander belangrike gebiede, soos om ’n groot klas te dek, sigbaarheid van fyn besonderhede vir alle studente en funksionering op aanlyn platforms. Gevolglik het ons in die tweede siklus (2021, semester 1) van aksienavorsing ’n raamwerk geïnisieer, naamlik die Program vir Onderrig en Leer van Programmering met Animasie (TLPAP). TLPAP het bestaan uit geanimeerde weergawes van manipulatiewe en relevante pedagogiese riglyne. Die pedagogiese riglyne is ’n stel stadiums of riglyne vir die beste gebruik van die animasieprogramme.
Deur ’n SOLU- (struktuur van waargenome leeruitkoms)- aangepaste evaluering het ons by die universiteit met die animasieprogramme op die werklike SIPS geëksperimenteer. Die SIPS is in twee groepe verdeel, naamlik die kontrole- en eksperimentele groepe. Die kontrolegroep is tradisioneel deur verbale vertelling onderrig, en die eksperimentele groep is onderrig deur TLPAP te volg. Die resultate van siklus 2 het ons gehelp om die TLPAP-raamwerk vir siklus 3 te verfyn. Gevolglik is siklus 3 (2021, semester 2) geïmplementeer met verbeterde TLPAP- en SOLU-aangepaste evaluering. Die daaropvolgende siklusse (siklusse 4 en 5 in 2022, semesters 1 en 2) is met selfs beter TLPAP geïmplementeer. Die SOLU-evaluering het meer verbeterings in die eksperimentele as in die kontrolegroep aangedui. Die afsluiting van siklus 5 het ’n finale TLPAP aangebied.Mo nyakišišong ye, re nyakišišitše mekgwa ye mekaone ye e kgonegago ya go ruta le go ithuta dikgopolo tša tlhamo ya mananeo a khomputhara (IPC) ka mokgwa wa nyakišišo ya tharollo ya mathata thutong. Leano, gagolo, ebile la go hlama foreimiweke ya go ruta le go ithuta ya baithuti bao ba nago le mathata a tlhamo ya mananeo a tsamaišo ya khomphutha (SIPS). Tšhomišo ya dilo tšeo di ka swarwago bjalo ka didirišwa tša go thuša go ruta le go ithuta tlhamo ya mananeo a tsamaišo ya khomphutha, e lekilwe modikologong wa mathomo (2019, semesetara sa 2, le 2020, semesetara sa 1) wa nyakišišo ya tharollo ya mathata thutong. Re hweditše gore tšhomišo ya dilo tšeo di ka swarwago e ka thuša go ruta le go ithuta IPC go fihla bokgoleng bjo bo itšego, eupša e be e na le magomo ka go dikarolo tše dingwe tše bohlokwa, go swana le go akaretša phapoši ye kgolo, ponagalo ya dikarolwana tše nnyane go baithuti ka moka, le go šoma ga diforamo tša inthaneteng. Bjalo, mo modikologong wa bobedi (2021, semesetara 1) wa nyakišišo ya tharollo ya mathata thutong, re thomile foreimiweke, yeo e bitšwago Tlhamo ya Mananeo a go Ruta le go Ithuta ka dianimeišene (TLPAP). TLPAP e bopilwe ke diphetolelo tša dianimeišene tša dithušapalelo le ditlhahli tša maleba tša thuto. Ditlhahli tša thuto ke sehlopha sa dikgato goba ditlhahli tša tšhomišo ye kaone ya mananeo a animeišene.
Ka tekolo ye e fetoletšwego SOLO (Structure of Observed Learning Outcome), re dirile diteko tša mananeo a dianimeišene go SIPS ya nnete, yunibesithing. SIPS di arotšwe ka dihlopha tše pedi, e lego, dihlopha tša taolo le tša diteko. Sehlopha sa taolo se rutilwe ka mokgwa wa setlwaedi kanegelo ya molomo, gomme sehlopha sa diteko se rutilwe ka go latela TLPAP. Dipoelo tša modikologo wa 2 di re thušitše go kaonafatša foreimiweke ya TLPAP ya modikologo wa 3. Bjalo, modikologo wa 3 (2021, semesetara sa 2) o phethagaditšwe ka tekolo ye e kaonafaditšwego ya TLPAP le ye e fetoletšwego SOLO. Medikologo ye e latelago (medikologo ye 4 le 5 ka 2022, disemesetara tša 1 le 2) di phethagaditšwe ka TLPAP ye e kaonafetšego le go feta. Tekolo ya SOLO e bontšhitše dikaonafatšo tše ntši sehlopheng sa diteko go feta sehlopheng sa taolo. Sephetho sa modikologo wa 5 se tšweleditše TLPAP ya mafelelo.D. Phil. (Computer Science)College of Engineering, Science and Technolog
The relationship between psychological career resources and organisational commitment in a parastatal institution in Botswana
No full textThe general aims of this research study were to: (1) Establish if a relationship existed between psychological career resources (PCR) and organisational commitment amongst employees in a parastatal institution in Botswana, and (2) to determine whether individuals from different age, gender, job level and marital status groups differed regarding psychological career resources and organisational commitment. The quantitative research study sampled employees (N=130) from a parastatal institution in Botswana.
The results of the study indicated that there is a positive significant relationship between PCR and organisational commitment amongst employees in a parastatal institution in Botswana. The results may have interesting implications for top management and human resource practitioners in enhancing talent retention within the parastatal sector. The respondents to the study gained insights into ways to curate career goals and alternative ways to adapt to turbulent environmental challenges.M. Com. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)Industrial and Organisational Psycholog
An investigation into employee retention and turnover in the Inkomati-Usuthu Catchment Management Agency : Mpumalanga Province
No full textIncludes summaries in Sepedi and TsongaThe primary purpose of this research was to identify the factors that influence the
employee retention and turnover of technical staff with scarce skills at the Inkomati Usuthu Catchment Management Agency. The study followed an explanatory sequential
mixed methodology. The data were collected through a survey questionnaire and,
subsequently, through semi-structured interviews. A total sampling approach was used
for the quantitative component of the study, while purposive sampling was adopted for
the qualitative strand. Eighty-three (83) employees responded to the survey
questionnaire, whereas fourteen (14) employees participated in interviews. An
exploratory factor analysis and a regression analysis were used to analyse quantitative
data, while content analysis served to analyse qualitative data. The main findings are that
offering competitive salaries as well as an effective and efficient performance
management system proved to be some of the best strategies to prevent employees from
leaving the organisation. The research reveareed that the Inkomati-Usuthu Catchment
Management Agency has both a remuneration strategy and a performance management
and development system; however, the implementation of the remuneration strategy and
related policies is ineffective.Maikemišetšomagolo ya dinyakišišo tše e bile go hlatha mabaka ao a huetšago go tšwela
pele ga bašomi ka mošomong le go thwala ga bašomi ba tša sethekniki bao ba nago le
bokgoni bjo bo sa hwetšagalego gabonolo ka go Setheo sa Taolo ya Kelelomeetse sa
Inkomati-Usuthu. Dinyakišišo di dirišitše mokgwa wa mohlakanelwa wa tlhalošo ya
tatelano. Tshedimošo e kgobokeditšwe ka go diriša dipotšišo tša dinyakišišo tša phatišišo
le, ka morago ga fao, ka go diriša dipoledišano tšeo dipotšišo tša gona di sego tša
beakanywa peleng. Mokgwa wa go dira sampole ka botlalo o šomišitšwe go karolo ya
bontši ya dinyakišišo, mola e le gore go dira sampole ka maikemišetšo go dirišitšwe ka
karolong ya boleng. Bašomi ba masomeseswai-tharo (83) ba ile ba araba dipotšišo tša
diphatišišo, mola e le gore bašomi ba lesomenne (14) ba ile ba kgatha tema ka
dipoledišanong. Mokgwa wa dipalopalo wa go utolla dilo tša mehutahuta le mokgwa wa
dipalopalo wa go laetša kamano ya dilo e šomišitšwe go sekaseka tshedimošo ya bontši,
mola e le gore tshekatsheko ya diteng e šomile go sekaseka tshedimošo ya boleng.
Dikutollo tše kgolo ke gore go lefa meputso ye mekaone gammogo le lenaneo la taolo ya
phethagatšo ya mošomo leo le šomago gabotse le leo le lekanego di laeditše gore ke ye
mengwe ya mekgwa ye mekaone ya go thibela bašomi go tlogela khamphani. Dinyakišišo
di utollotše gore Setheo sa Taolo ya Kelelomeetse sa Inkomati-Usuthu se na le bobedi
leano la tefelo ya meputso le lenaneo la taolo le tlhabollo ya phethagatšo ya mošomo; le
ge go le bjale, phethagatšo ya leano la tefelo ya meputso le melawana ye e amanago le
yona ga di šome gabotse.Xikongomelokulu xa ndzavisiso lowu a ku ri ku kombisa swivangelo leswi khumbhaka
nhlayiso va vatirhi na ku famba na ku siviwa ka vatirhi va swa xithekiniki lava nga na
swikili leswi kayivelaka eInkomati-Usuthu Catchment Management Agency. Dyondzo yi
landzelerile maendlelo yo hlamusela hi ku landzelelana lama hlanganisiweke. Datara yi
hlengeletiwile hi ku tirhisa mbalango wa nongoloko wa swivutiso kutani ku landzela, ku
tirhisa tiinthavhiyu to vutisela swivutiso. Endlelo ro teka tisampulu hinkwato ri tirhisiwile
eka xiphemu xa nkoka xa dyondzo, loko sampulu ya xikongomelo yi tirhisiwile eka
ndhawu ya nkoka. Makumenhungu-nharhu (83) wa vatirhi va hlamurile eka mbalango
wa nongoloko wa swivutiso, loko khumemune (14) wa vatirhi va tekilexiave eka
tiinthavhiyu. Nxopaxopo wa swivangelo leswi hlamuselaka na nxopanxopo wo tlhelela
endzhaku swi tirhisiwile ku xopaxopa datara ya nhlayo, loko nxopaxopo wa vundzeni wu
tirhile ku xopaxopa datara ya nkoka. Leswi kumiweke swa nkoka hi leswaku ku nyika
miholo leyi mphikizanaka na yin'wana na endlelo ra malawulelo ya matirhelo lama
pfunaka na ya vuswikoti swi kombisile ku va swin'wana swa switirateji swo antswa ku
sivela vatirhi ku va va nga fambi eka nhlangano. Ndzavisiso wu humeserile erivaleni
leswaku Inkomati-Usuthu Catchment Management Agency yi na xitirateji xo hakela na
endlelo ra malawulelo ya matirhelo na nhluvukiso; hambiswiritano, ku simekiwa ka
xitirateji xo hakela na tipholisi leti fambelanaka a swi tirhi.M.A. (Public Administration)Public Administration and Managemen