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Exploration of enabling conditions for TVET institution leaders to link trainees with self-employment in light of the capability approach in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Get PDFDifferences between Ethiopia‟s Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) Policy and Strategy for fostering an entrepreneurial culture and what actually occurs in TVET institutions have been encountered. The researcher was therefore motivated to investigate, in light of the capabilities approach in the Addis Ababa City Administration, how TVET institution leaders may connect regular programme TVET graduate trainees with chances for self-employment. The purpose of this study was to examine how TVET institution leaders use a competence framework to connect graduate trainees from regular programmes to become self - employed inside the Addis Ababa City Administration. By considering the study's research and conclusions, policy makers and programme designers may be better able to understand the existing TVET leadership structures, policies, and practices. The constructivist paradigm served as philosophy base for the study. The constructivist paradigm served as philosophy base for the study. The study guided by a qualitative approach and a case study research design, this research sampled participants from three Addis Ababa polytechnic colleges using different purposive sampling methods. Data were collected via structured interviews and focus group interview as well as document analysis. The findings revealed that each TVET institution has a functional organisational structure in place and updated them regularly to remain competitive in today‟s changing economic market. However, there is a significant disconnect between the country's TVET Policy and Strategy‟s intended goals and the reality in the research region in terms of connecting graduate trainees with self-employment. TVET colleges have a sufficient amount of resources to offer high-quality education; yet, they have not been able to efficiently utilise these resources to offer self-employment options to graduates of conventional programmes. Labour market data, entrepreneurial education, VGC services, cooperative training, support from parents or other guardians, support networks, and services for industry extension were used as capacity sets for studies under the capability set talks. However, the TVET institution leaders did not utilise these capability sets to further their organisations‟ goals with regard to self-employment with each of the sampled institutions having varying perspectives on how TVET institution executives should link graduate trainees with self-employment. Leaders of TVET institutions were encouraged to use the suggested self-employment linkage model to support activities that encourage graduate trainees enrolled in regular programmes to launch their own enterprises.D. Phil. (Education)Educational Studie
A comparative analysis of the usage of mobile banking and alternative finance in South Africa
Get PDFTransformation through technology is taking place daily in the banking arena where the consumer and the service provider have to come together. Thus the study investigated the usage of mobile banking and alternative finance in South Africa. Until recently, limited research has been done that incorporates both mobile banking and alternative finance. Thus, the study investigated, explored and compared factors influencing the use of mobile banking and alternative finance in South Africa among residents of Randburg in Johannesburg, and the surrounding areas. It explored variables that influence customers and businesses to adopt mobile finance and alternative finance. Several people and small medium-enterprises are not familiar with how alternative finance works. In South Africa they only target tenders without considering other alternative finance forms available for them to access. The study population covered 500 people, who were surveyed through a questionnaire. Participants in management and non-management from different organizations were also interviewed to get their views on the use of mobile banking and alternative finance in South Africa.As the aim of the study was to compare the usage of mobile banking and alternative finance, and the findings showed that demographic characteristics and customer background as key in understanding users. Furthermore, gender, age, educational level and income have an impact on users making a decision to use mobile banking and alternative finance. Moreover device compatibility and access to internet were noted to be important for users to be utilizing online services of mobile banking and alternative finance. Safe and user-friendly technology increased trust for participants to learn more about how to use mobile banking and alternative finance services. Social networks played a critical role in raising awareness about alternative finance whereas banks were able to market mobile banking as institutions. Covid-19 impact was also noted to be a key contributor in increased usage of mobile banking while alternative finance use declined as small businesses closed down as most of their services lost customers. Finally, mobile banking was found to be superior when compared to alternative finance as users were noted to have clear understanding of how to use its technology. While alternative finance still need to be properly marketed and simplified to attract users. This study was noted to give useful insight to service providers where they can gauge themselves and see where improvements could be done.Transformasie deur tegnologie vind daagliks in die bankwese-arena plaas, waar die verbruiker
en die diensverskaffer byeen moet kom. Hierdie studie het dus die gebruik van mobiele
bankdienste en alternatiewe finansiering in Suid-Afrika ondersoek. Tot onlangs is slegs beperkte
navorsing met betrekking tot mobiele bankdienste en alternatiewe finansiering in Suid-Afrika
gedoen. Hierdie studie het dus faktore wat die gebruik van mobiele bankdienste en alternatiewe
finansiering beïnvloed ondersoek, verken en vergelyk onder inwoners van Randburg in
Johannesburg en omliggende gebiede. Dit het die veranderlikes verken wat klante en
ondernemings beïnvloed om mobiele bankdienste en alternatiewe finansiering te aanvaar.
Verskeie mense en klein/medium ondernemings is nie vertroud met hoe alternatiewe finansiering
werk nie. In Suid-Afrika spits hulle hul eerder op tenders toe, sonder om ander alternatiewe
finansiering wat tot hul beskikking is te oorweeg. Die studiepopulasie het uit 500 mense bestaan,
wat vraelyste voltooi het. Onderhoude is ook gevoer met deelnemers op bestuur- en
niebestuursvlakke in verskillende organisasies om hul sienings oor die gebruik van mobiele
bankdienste en alternatiewe finansiering in Suid-Afrika te verkry.
Die bevindings het getoon dat demografiese kenmerke en klante se agtergrond deurslaggewend
is om gebruikers te verstaan. Geslag, ouderdom, opvoedingsvlak en inkomste het ’n invloed op
gebruikers se besluite om mobiele bankdienste en alternatiewe finansiering te gebruik. Verder
is toestelversoenbaarheid en internettoegang ook geïdentifiseer as belangrike faktore vir
gebruikers se benutting van die aanlyn dienste van mobiele bankdienste en alternatiewe
finansiering. Veilige en gebruikersvriendelike tegnologie het deelnemers se vertroue verhoog om
meer te leer oor hoe om om mobiele bankdienste en alternatiewe finansieringsdienste te gebruik.
Sosiale netwerke het ’n sleutelrol gespeel om bewustheid van alternatiewe finansiering te
verhoog, terwyl banke mobiele bankdienste as instellings kon bemark. Daar is ook bevind dat die
uitwerking van Covid-19 aanmerklik bygedra het tot ’n toename in die gebruik van mobiele
bankdienste, terwyl die gebruik van alternatiewe finansiering afgeneem het omdat klein
sakeondernemings gedurende die tydperk gesluit het. Laastens is daar bevind dat mobiele
bankdienste alternatiewe finansiering oortref het, omdat gebruikers duidelik verstaan hoe om die
gepaardgaande tegnologie te gebruik, terwyl dit steeds nodig is om alternatiewe finansiering
behoorlik te bemark en te vereenvoudig ten einde gebruikers te lok. Hierdie studie het nuttige
insig gebied vir diensverskaffers, en hulle in staat gestel om hulself te evalueer en te sien waar
verbeterings aangebring kan wordUguquko ngobuchwepheshe lwenzeka nsuku zonke emabhange lapho umthengi kanye
nomhlinzeki wesevisi kufanele bahlangane. Ngakho-ke ucwaningo luphenye ukusetshenziswa
kwebhange elingumakhalekhukhwini kanye nezinye izimali eNingizimu Afrika. Kuze kube manje,
kwenziwe ucwaningo olulinganiselwe oluhlanganisa kokubili ukubhanga ngomakhalekhukhwini
kanye nezinye izimali. Ngakho-ke, ucwaningo lwaphenya, lwahlola futhi lwaqhathanisa izici
ezinomthelela ekusetshenzisweni kwamabhange aphathwayo kanye nezinye izimali eNingizimu
Afrika phakathi kwezakhamuzi zase-Randburg eGoli, kanye nezindawo ezizungezile. Ihlole izinto
eziguquguqukayo ezithonya amakhasimende namabhizinisi ukuthi asebenzise ezezimali
zamaselula nezinye izindlela zezimali. Abantu abambalwa namabhizinisi
amancane/amaphakathi abajwayelene nendlela enye imali esebenza ngayo. ENingizimu Afrika
bagijimisa kuphela amathenda, ngaphandle kokucabangela amanye amafomu ezezimali
atholakalayo kubo. Isibalo socwaningo sihlanganise abantu abangama-500, abahlolwa ngohlu
lwemibuzo. Ababambe iqhaza kubaphathi nabangebona abaphathi abavela ezinhlanganweni
ezehlukene kuxoxiswane nabo ukuze bathole imibono yabo mayelana nokusetshenziswa
kwamabhange omakhalekhukhwini kanye nezinye izimali eNingizimu Afrika.
Okutholakele kubonise ukuthi izici zezibalo nesizinda samakhasimende bekubalulekile
ekuqondeni abasebenzisi. Ubulili, ubudala, izinga lemfundo nemali engenayo kunomthelela
kubasebenzisi abenza isinqumo sokusebenzisa omakhalakhukhwini uma bebhanga kanye
nenye indlela yemali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenzisana kwedivayisi kanye nokufinyelela ku inthanethi kwaphawulwa njengokubalulekile kubasebenzisi ukuthi basebenzise izinsiza ze inthanethi zokubhanga ngomakhalokhukhwini kanye nezinye izindlela zezimali. Ubuchwepheshe
obuphephile nobusebenziseka kalula bukhulise ukwethenjwa kwabahlanganyeli ukuze bafunde
kabanzi mayelana nendlela yokusebenzisa ibhange lomakhalekhukhwini nezinye izinsiza
zezimali. Ubuchwepheshe obuphephile nobusebenziseka kalula bukhulise ukwethenjwa
kwabahlanganyeli ukuze bafunde kabanzi mayelana nendlela yokusebenzisa ibhange
lomakhalekhukhwini nezinye izinsiza zezimali. Izinkundla zokuxhumana zibambe iqhaza
elibalulekile ekuqwashiseni ngezimali ezihlukile, kanti amabhange akwazile ukuthengisa
amabhange ngomakhalekhukhwini njengezikhungo. Umthelela woKhuvethe uphinde
watholakala ukuthi unomthelela omkhulu ekwandeni kokusetshenziswa kwamabhange
omakhalekhukhwini, kuyilapho ukusetshenziswa kwezimali okunye kwehlile njengoba
amabhizinisi amancane avalwa ngalesi sikhathi. Ekugcineni, ukubhanga ngomakhalekhukhwini
kwatholakala ukuthi kuphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa nenye imali, njengoba abasebenzisi
babenokuqonda okucacile kokuthi bangasebenzisa kanjani ubuchwepheshe bayo, kuyilapho
enye imali bekusadingeka imakethwe ngendlela efanele futhi yenziwe lula ukuze ihehe
abasebenzisi. Lolu cwaningo lunikeze ukuqonda okuwusizo kubahlinzeki bezinsizakalo,
okubavumela ukuthi bazihlole futhi babone lapho ukuthuthukiswa kungenziwa khona.M. Com. (Business Management)Business Managemen
The contribution of subsistence farming to food security among the people of Longfield, Zimbabwe
Get PDFAbstracts in English, Zulu and AfrikaansAgricultural growth is crucial for generating the money needed to guarantee food security, particularly in the poorest economies. In Zimbabwe there is limited research on the contribution of subsistence farming to food security and whether this type of farming enables or limits food security among the households who practise it. The research problem in this study focused on the contribution of subsistence farming to food security in the Longfield area in Zimbabwe. The objectives of the study were to present the application of the Theory of Access in subsistence farming and food security; to understand subsistence farming as a mode of production, with reference to the elements, challenges, processes, advantages, environmental impact and sustainability of subsistence farming to investigate the relationship between food security and subsistence farming; and to determine the extent to which subsistence farming contributes to food security in Longfield. A qualitative and exploratory research approach was adopted for the study. This type of research is relatively subjective and relies on the experiences and opinions of participants. A questionnaire for semi-structured face-to-face interviews was designed and used to obtain respondents’ opinions on subsistence farming and food security. The findings revealed a definite view among respondents that subsistence farming positively impacts food security. The results revealed that, among all the factors, subsistence farming positively contributes to the development of food security. The findings also revealed that the relationship between subsistence farming and food security provides nutritional and food security. Small-scale farmers’ role in guaranteeing food security, healthy security, and sustainable rural growth is becoming more fundamental. The results showed that there is a need for agricultural systems to deliver nutritionally balanced food, as well as a need for guaranteed food security for the most underprivileged. Furthermore, the findings showed that a strong link between subsistence farming and food security leads to gross domestic product (GDP) development and that the country can provide food for its people through GDP growth.Ukukhula kwezolimo kubalulekile ekukhiqizeni imali edingekayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukutholakala kokudla, ikakhulukazi emazweni ampofu kakhulu kwezomnotho. EZimbabwe kunocwaningo olulinganiselwe mayelana negalelo ukulimela ukuziphilisa okunalo ekutholakaleni kokudla nokuthi ngabe lolu hlobo lwezolimo luyakuvumela noma luyakuvimbela yini ukutholakala kokudla emindenini elimela ukuziphilisa. Inkinga ebhekwa yilolu cwaningo imaqondana negalelo ukulimela ukuziphilisa okunalo ekutholakaleni kokudla endaweni yaseLongfield eZimbabwe. Izinjongo zocwaningo kwakungukwethula ukusetshenziswa kweNkolelombono Enquma Ukuthi Kufinyeleleka Kanjani ekulimeleni ukuziphilisa kanye nasekutholakaleni kokudla; ukuqonda ukulimela ukuziphilisa njengendlela yokukhiqiza, ngokubhekisela ezintweni eziqondene nako, izinselelo, izinqubo, izinzuzo, umthelela emvelweni kanye nokusimama kokulimela ukuziphilisa ukuze kuphenywe ubudlelwano phakathi kokutholakala kokudla kanye nokulimela ukuziphilisa; nokunquma ukuthi ukulimela ukuziphilisa kunegalelo elingakanani ekutholakaleni kokudla eLongfield. Kwasetshenziswa indlela yocwaningo ebheka amaqiniso (ikhwalithethivu) neyokuhlola ocwaningweni. Lolu hlobo locwaningo luncike emibonweni ngokwesilinganiso esithile kanye nakulokho okwenzeke ezimpilweni zababambiqhaza nemibono yabo. Iphepha lemibuzo esangahlelwa kabusha elisetshenziswe ezingxoxweni ezihlelelwe ubuso nobuso laklanyelwa futhi lasetshenziselwa ukuthola imibono yabaphendulayo ngokulimela ukuziphilisa nokutholakala kokudla. Okutholakele kuveze umbono oqondile phakathi kwabaphendulile wokuthi ukulimela ukuziphilisa kunomthelela omuhle ekutholakaleni kokudla. Imiphumela yaveza ukuthi, phakathi kwazo zonke izinto ezikhona, ukulimela ukuziphilisa kunomthelela omuhle ekuthuthukiseni ukutholakala kokudla. Okutholakele kuphinde kwaveza ukuthi ubudlelwano phakathi kokulimela ukuziphilisa nokutholakala kokudla benza kutholakale izondlamzimba nokudla. Indima yabalimi abancane ekuqinisekiseni ukutholakala kokudla, ukutholakala kwempilo, nokukhula okusimeme emaphandleni kuba yisisekelo ngokwengeziwe. Imiphumela iveze ukuthi kunesidingo sezinhlelo zezolimo ekuletheni ukudla okondla umzimba, kanye nesidingo sesiqiniseko sokutholakala kokudla kwabaswele kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, okutholakele kuveze ukuthi ubuhlobo obuqinile phakathi kokulimela ukuziphilisa nokutholakala kokudla kuholela ekuthuthukeni kwesamba esiphelele somkhiqizo wonyaka (i-GDP) futhi izwe lingahlinzeka abantu balo ngokudla ngokukhula kwe-GDP.Landboukundige groei is uiters noodsaaklik om die geld te genereer wat nodig is om voedselsekerheid, veral in die armste ekonomieë, te verseker. In Zimbabwe is beperkte navorsing tot dusver gedoen oor die bydrae wat bestaansboerdery tot voedselsekerheid lewer en of hierdie tipe boerdery voedselsekerheid bevorder of beperk in die huishoudings wat dit toepas. Die navorsingsprobleem in hierdie studie het gefokus op die bydrae wat bestaansboerdery tot voedselsekerheid in die Longfield-area in Zimbabwe lewer. Die doelwitte van die studie was om die toepassing van die Teorie van Toegang in bestaansboerdery en voedselsekerheid te demonstreer; om bestaansboerdery as ’n produksiemiddel te verstaan, met verwysing na die elemente, uitdagings, prosesse, voordele, omgewingsimpak en volhoubaarheid van bestaansboerdery; om die verwantskap tussen voedselsekerheid en bestaansboerdery te ondersoek; en om die mate waartoe bestaansboerdery tot voedselsekerheid in Longfield bydra, vas te stel. ’n Kwalitatiewe en verkennende navorsingsbenadering is vir die studie gevolg. Hierdie tipe navorsing is betreklik subjektief en steun op die ervarings en menings van deelnemers. ’n Vraelys vir gebruik in halfgestruktureerde persoonlike onderhoude is opgestel. Die vraelys is vervolgens gebruik om respondente se menings oor bestaansboerdery en voedselsekerheid in te win. Die bevindings het ’n besliste siening onder respondente dat bestaansboerdery ’n positiewe uitwerking op voedselsekerheid het, aan die lig gebring. Die resultate het aangetoon dat, onder al die faktore, bestaansboerdery positief tot die ontwikkeling van voedselsekerheid bydra. Die bevindings het ook daarop gedui dat die verwantskap tussen bestaansboerdery en voedselsekerheid voeding- en voedselsekerheid bewerkstellig. Kleinskaalboere speel ’n toenemend fundamentele rol om voedselsekerheid, gesondheidsekuriteit en volhoubare landelike groei te verseker. Die resultate het gedui op ’n behoefte aan landboustelsels wat voedsel lewer wat voedingsgewys gebalanseerd is, sowel as ’n behoefte aan gewaarborgde voedselsekerheid vir diegene wat uiters minderbevoorreg is. Die bevindings het voorts aangetoon dat ’n sterk verwantskap tussen bestaansboerdery en voedselsekerheid tot die ontwikkeling van die bruto binnelandse produk (BBP) lei en dat die land sy inwoners deur middel van BBP-groei van voedsel kan voorsien.M.A. (Development Studies)Development Studie
Small, medium, and micro enterprises (SMMEs) and the covid-19 pandemic: what aided supervisors in Umhlathuze Municipality in traversing the disaster?
Get PDFIncludes summaries in Nyanja and ZuluThe purpose of this study was to explore the factors that helped small, micro, and medium enterprises (SMMEs) in uMhlathuze Municipality in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, to survive the COVID-19 disaster. Given that disasters are increasingly becoming the norm, the research was prompted by the need to obtain information that can mitigate SMME failure in the face of disasters like COVID-19. A qualitative research approach was adopted for the study. Pilot study was done using two purposefully sampled SMMEs from uMhlathuze Municipality to test the suitability of the interview guide and the attitude of participants towards the research. Data obtained from the pilot survey was not included in the data analysis. Data for the research was extracted from twelve purposefully sampled SMME owners and managers from uMhlathuze Municipality using semi-structured interviews. The Thematic Analysis technique and Atlas.ti software (version 23.2.3.27778) were used to analyse the collected data. Research findings revealed that SMMEs in uMhlathuze Municipality were affected by diverse COVID-19 induced challenges. However, the good state in which the SMMEs were before the pandemic, coupled with the measures the SMMEs embraced to fend off the COVID-19 challenges, aided the survival of the SMMEs. Furthermore, research evidence showed that COVID-19 offered businesses certain opportunities. These opportunities also assisted other SMMEs to survive the COVID-19 crisis. Based on the research findings, the study recommends that SMMEs need to be equipped with crisis management skills to ensure their long-term sustainability. Furthermore, the government should embrace equitable treatment of registered SMMEs to reduce SMME failure and achieve inclusive growth.Ndivho ya ngudo iyi ndi u sedza kha zwivhumbi zwo thusaho mabindu maṱuku, ane a khou aluwa na o linganelaho (SMMEs) kha Masipala wa uMhlathuze ngei KwaZulu-Natal, Afrika Tshipembe, u konḓelela tshiwo tsha COVID-19. Musi zwiwo zwi khou dzulela u vha nḓowelo, ṱhoḓisiso dzo kombetshedzwa nga ṱhoḓea ya u wana mafhungo ane a nga lugisa u kundelwa ha SMME musi hu na zwiwo zwi nga ho sa COVID-19. Ṱhoḓisiso dza khwaḽithethivi dzo shumiswa kha ngudo. Ngudo thangeli dzo itwa hu khou shumiswa SMME mbili dzo nangiwaho kha Masipala wa uMhlathuze u linga u tea ha nyendedzi ya inthaviwu na vhuḓifari ha vhadzheneli kha ṱhoḓisiso. Data yo wanala u bva kha tsedzuluso dza thangeli a yo ngo katela musaukanyo wa data. Data ya ṱhoḓisiso yo bviswa kha vhaṋe vha dzi SMME vha fumimbili vho nangiwaho hu na ndivho na minidzhere dza Masipala wa uMhlathuze nga u shumisa inthaviwu dzo dzudzanywaho. Thekiniki ya Musaukanyo wa Thero na sofuthiwee ya Atlas.ti (vesheni 23.2.3.27778) zwo shumiswa u saukanya data yo kuvhanganyiwaho. Mawanwa a ṱhoḓisiso o sumbedza uri SMME dza Masipala wa uMhlathuze dzo kwamea nga khaedu khulwane dza COVID-19. Fhedzi, zwe SMME dza vha dzo imisa zwone zwavhuḓi phanḓa ha dwadze, kathihi na maga o shumiswaho nga SMME u tshila musi wa khaedu dza COVID-19, o thusaho u konḓelela ha dziSMME. Zwiṅwe hafhu, vhuṱanzi ha ṱhoḓisiso ho sumbedza uri COVID-19 yo ṋekedza mabindu zwiṅwe zwikhala. Zwikhala izwi zwi dovha zwa thusa dziṅwe SMME u tshila musi wa COVID-19. Ho sedzwa kha mawanwa a ṱhoḓisiso, ngudo dzi themendela uri SMME dzi tea u shomedzwa nga zwikili zwa ndangulo ya musi wa khombo u khwaṱhisedza u sa nyeṱha ha tshifhinga tshilapfu. Zwiṅwe hafhu, muvhuso u tea u ṱanganedza u farwa hu linganaho dza SMME dzo ṅwaliswaho u fhungudza u kundelwa ha SMME na u swikelela nyaluwo nyangaredzi.Inhloso yalolu cwaningo bekuwukuhlola izinto ezisize amabhizinisi amancane naphakathi nendawo abuye aziwe ngokuthi ‘ama-small, micro, and medium enterprises’ (SMMEs) kuMasipala waseMhlathuze KwaZulu-Natal, eNingizimu Afrika, ukuthi asinde enhlekeleleni yoKhuvethe. Njengoba izinhlekelele ziya ngokuya ziba yinjwayelo, ucwaningo lwagqugquzelwa isidingo sokuthola ulwazi olunganciphisa ukwehluleka kwama-SMME lapho kubhekene nezinhlekelele ezifana noKhuvethe. Kwathathwa indlela yocwaningo yesimo ocwaningweni. Ucwaningo lokuhlola lwenziwe kusetshenziswa ama-SMMEs amabili athathwe kuMasipala waseMhlathuze ukuze kuhlolwe ukufaneleka komhlahlandlela wenhlolokhono kanye nesimo sengqondo sababambe iqhaza ngocwaningo. Idatha etholwe ocwaningweni lokuhlola ayizange ifakwe ekuhlaziyweni kwedatha noma imininingwane Imininingwane yocwaningo ithathwe kubanikazi nabaphathi bama-SMME abenze amasampula ngamabomu kuMasipala waseMhlathuze kusetshenziswa inhlolokhono engaphelele noma engagcwele. Indlela yokuhlaziya isihloko kanye nesofthiwe ye-Atlas.ti (ivejini 23.2.3.27778) yasetshenziswa ukuze kuhlaziywe imininngwane eqoqiwe. Ucwaningo luveze ukuthi ama-SMMEs kuMasipala waseMhlathuze athinteke ngenxa yezinselelo ezehlukene ezidalwe yiKhuvethe. Kodwa-ke, isimo esihle lapho ama-SMME ayekuso ngaphambi kwalolu bhubhane, kuhambisana nezinyathelo ama-SMME azamukele ukuze agweme izinselelo zoKhuvethe , kusize ukusinda kwama-SMME. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubufakazi bocwaningo buveze ukuthi uKhuvethe inika amabhizinisi amathuba athile. Lawa mathuba aphinde asize amanye ama-SMMEs ukuthi asinde enhlekeleleni yoKhuvethe. Ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yocwaningo, ucwaningo luncoma ukuthi ama-SMME adinga ukuhlonyiswa ngamakhono okulawula izinkinga ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusimama kwawo kwesikhathi eside. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhulumeni kufanele amukele ukuphathwa ngokulinganayo kwama-SMME abhalisiwe ukuze kwehliswe ukwehluleka kwama-SMME futhi kuzuze ukukhula okubandakanya wonke umuntu.M. Com. (Business Management)Business Managemen
Examining implications of land administration for urban development in Southern Ethiopia
Get PDFThis study examined the implications of land administration for urban development in Southern Ethiopia. The aim of the study was to gain an in-depth understanding of the implications of land administration for urban development by examining the nature, functions and systems of land administration, and the role played by governance authorities in the implementation of land administration. A concurrent, triangulated mixed methods research design was used, with the data collected through self-reporting surveys, semi-structured interviews, unstructured interviews and secondary data analysis. Through purposive sampling, two town administrations, key employees and urban dwellers were selected as key informants for the qualitative phase of the study. In addition, the survey was based on random sampling of urban dwellers in the Aletawondo and Yirgachafe town administrations. Quantitative data was analysed using descriptive statistics, and thematic analysis was used for qualitative data. The results reveal that the land belongs to the state, as captured in Article 40 of the 1995 Ethiopia Constitution, preventing citizens or individuals from directly benefitting from ownership. Land administration does not meet the interests of all the citizens and is ineffective. Alternative land policies should be sought that can ensure effective, efficient and legal ownership able to foster urban development by integrating land administration practices with the existing dynamics of urban development.Lolu cwaningo luhlole imithelela yokuphathwa komhlaba ekuthuthukisweni kwedolobha laseNingizimu Ethiopia. Inhloso yalolu cwaningo kwakuwukuthola ukuqonda okujulile ngemithelela yokuphathwa komhlaba ekuthuthukisweni kwedolobha ngokuhlola uhlobo, imisebenzi nezinhlelo zokuphathwa komhlaba, kanye neqhaza elibanjwe yiziphathimandla zokuphatha ekuqaliseni ukusebenza kokuphathwa komhlaba. Kwasetshenziswa umklamo wocwaningo wezindlela ezixubile ezihlukene ezinxantathu, imininingwane eqoqwe ngocwaningo lokuzibika, izingxoxiswano ezihlelwe kancane, izingxoxiswano ezingahlelekile kanye nokuhlaziywa kwemininingwane yesibili. Ngokuthatha amasampula okuhlosiwe, abaphathi bedolobha ababili, abasebenzi ababalulekile kanye nabahlali basemadolobheni baqokwe njengabanolwazi olubalulekile esigabeni socwaningo ngokuchaza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inhlolovo ibisekelwe ekuthathweni kwesampula okungahleliwe kwabantu abahlala emadolobheni angaphansi kokuphathwa kwedolobha i-Aletawondo ne-Yirgachafe. Imininingwane ngokwezinombolo yahlaziywa kusetshenziswa izibalo ezichazayo, futhi ukuhlaziya kwendikimba kwasetshenziselwa imininingwane ngokuchaza. Imiphumela iveza ukuthi umhlaba ungowombuso, njengoba kubhalwe ebhukwini-40 loMthethosisekelo wase-Ethiopia ka-1995, ovimbela izakhamuzi noma abantu ngabanye ukuthi bahlomule ngokuqondile kubunikazi. Ukuphathwa komhlaba akuhlangabezani nezinto ezifunwa yizakhamizi futhi akusebenzi. Kufanele kufunwe ezinye izinqubomgomo zomhlaba ezingaqinisekisa ubunikazi obufanele, obusebenzayo nobusemthethweni obukwazi ukugqugquzela ukuthuthukiswa kwamadolobha ngokuhlanganisa izinqubo zokuphatha umhlaba nezinto ezikhona zokuthuthukiswa kwamadolobha.Olu phando luphicothe iziphumo zolawulo lomhlaba kuphuhliso lweedolophu kuMazantsi e-Ethiopia. Injongo yolu phando ibikukufumana ukuqonda okunzulu malunga neziphumo zolawulo lomhlaba kuphuhliso lweedolophu ngokuphicotha isimo, imisebenzi kunye neenkqubo zolawulo lomhlaba, kunye nendima edlalwa ngabasemagunyeni bolawulo ekuphunyezweni kolawulo lomhlaba. Kusetyenziswe uyilo lophando lweendlela ezixubileyo ezahlukileyo, ezininzi kunye nedatha eqokelelwe ngokusebenzisa uphando oluzixelayo, udliwanondlebe olucwangciswe mayane, udliwanondlebe olungacwangciswanga kunye nohlalutyo lwedatha elandelayo. Kukhethwe ulawulo lweedolophu ezimbini, abasebenzi abaphambili kunye nabahlali bezi dolophu njengabathathinxaxheba abaphambili kwisigaba sophandontyilazwi solu phando, ngokusebenzisa ukhetho lwegcuntswana ledatha ngenjongo. Ukongeza, uphando lokuvandlakanya belusekelwe kukhetho lwegcuntswana ledatha ngokungabophelelekanga yabahlali basezidolophini kulawulo lwedolophu iAletawondo neYirgachafe. Idatha yophando lweenkcukachamanani ihlalutywe ngokusebenzisa iinkcukachamani ezichazayo, lwaze uhlalutyontyilazwi lomongo/lomxholo lwasetyenziswa kwidatha yophandontyilazwi. Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba umhlaba ngokarhulumente, nanjengoko kubhaliwe kwiArticle 40 yoMgaqosiseko wase-Ethiopia ka1995, othintela abemi okanye abantu ukuba baxhamle ngqo kubunini bomhlaba. Ulawulo lomhlaba aluhlangabezani neminqweno yabemi bebonke kwaye alusebenzi. Kufuneka kufunyanwe eminye imigaqonkqubo yomhlaba enokuqinisekisa ubunini obusebenzayo, obulawulwa kakuhle nobusemthethweni obukwaziyo ukukhuthaza uphuhliso lweedolophu ngokuhlanganisa iinkqubo zolawulo lomhlaba kunye neentshukumo ezikhoyo zophuhliso lweedolophu.D. Phil. (Development Studies)Development Studie
Ezokweluleka ezikhungweni zokunakekelwa ngezempilo okuyisisekelo ngaphansi kweSifunda eSedibeng eSifundazweni iGauteng, eNingizimu Afrika
No full textTitles and abstracts in English, Tswana and ZuluMentoring is recommended as a method to assist nurses in developing their leadership skills. The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of facility managers with regard to mentorship at primary healthcare facilities. The qualitative exploratory and descriptive research design was employed to achieve the study objectives. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. The following four themes emerged during data analysis: experiences as a facility manager; views of facility managers on mentoring and leadership; barriers to mentorship; and facility managers’ views on how mentoring can be improved. The study revealed that there is a lack of formal mentoring in primary healthcare facilities in the Sedibeng District. Mentors were not allocated to facility managers, while some facility managers sought out informal mentors of their own choice. The data obtained from this study can be utilised to address the gaps that exist in nursing management and nursing research. It adds insights on the meGo atlenegisiwa tataiso jaaka mokgwa wa go thusa baoki go godisa dikgono tsa bona tsa boeteledipele. Maikaelelo a thutopatlisiso eno e ne e le go tlhotlhomisa maitemogelo a batsamaisi ba ditlamelo malebana le tataiso kwa ditlamelong tsa tlhokomelo ya ntlha ya boitekanelo. Go dirisitswe moralo wa tlhotlhomiso wa khwalitatifi le patlisiso e e tlhalosang go fitlhelela maikaelelo a thutopatlisiso. Go kokoantswe datha ka dipotsotherisano tsa seka-thulaganyo. Go tlhageletse meono e le mene e e latelang ka nako ya tokololo ya datha: maitemogelo jaaka motsamaisi wa tlamelo; melebo ya batsamaisi ba ditlamelo malebana le tataiso le boeteledipele; dikgoreletsi tsa tataiso; le melebo ya batsamaisi ba ditlamelo malebana le gore tataiso e ka tokafadiwa jang.Thutopatlisiso e senotse gore go na le tlhaelo ya tataiso e e rulaganeng mo ditlamelong tsa tlhokomelo ya ntlha ya boitekanelo mo Sedikeng sa Sedibeng. Batsamaisi ba ditlamelo ga ba abelwe batataisi, fa batsamaisi bangwe ba ditlamelo ba ipatlela batataisi ntle le thulaganyo e e rileng. Datha e e bonweng mo thutopatlisisong eno e ka dirisiwa go samagana le ditlhaelo tse di gona mo tsamaisong ya baoki le patlisiso ya booki. Seno se oketsa kitso mo ditlhokegong tsa tataiso ya batsamaisi ba ditlamelo.Ezokweluleka zinconywa njengendlela engasiza abahlengikazi ekuthuthukiseni amakhono abo obuholi. Inhloso yalolu cwaningo bekuwukuhlola ulwazi abanalo abaphathi bezikhungo mayelana nezokululekwa ezikhungweni zokunakekelwa ngezempilo okuyisisekelo. Lapha kusetshenziswe uhlobo lokucwaninga okuchazayo ngokweqophelo ukuze kuzuzwe lokho okuhloswe ngocwaningo. Imininingwane iqoqwe kusetshenziswa inhlolovo evulelekile. Ngesikhathi kucwaningwa imininingwane kuqhanyukwe nalezi zindikimba ezine ezilandelayo: ulwazi lomsebenzi njengomphathi wesikhungo; imibono yabaphathi bezikhungo mayelana nezokweluleka nobuholi; izingqinamba kwezokweluleka; kanye nemibono yabaphathi bezikhungo mayelana nokuthi zingaphuculwa kanjani ezokweluleka. Lolu cwaningo luveze ukuthi kunokuntuleka kwezokweluleka okusemthethweni ezikhungweni zezempilo eziyisisekelo eSifundeni eSedibeng. Abeluleki ababekwanga ekutheni babe abaphathi bezikhungo, kanti abanye abaphathi bezikhungo bafuna abeluleki abangekho emthethweni abazikhethele bona ngokwabo. Imininingwane etholakale kulolu cwaningo ingasetshenziswa ukuze kuvalwe igebe elikhona endleleni yokuphathwa kanye nocwaningo ngabahlengikazi. Le mininingwane yegeza kulokho okuyizidingo zokwelulekwa kwabaphathi bezikhungo.M.A. (Health Studies)Health Studie
Access to finance as a challenge for Burgersfort small and medium-sized enterprises in tourism
Get PDFAbstracts in English, Northern Sotho and AfrikaansThe objective of the study was to assess financial access as a challenge to SMEs in tourism and in rural areas. The focus was on the relationships between financial access and its determinants, such as, information asymmetry, perceived risk, company size, performance and service quality. The research also looked at these determinants from a government support side. The theoretical framework was on government support and rural tourism development, with the focus on theories of motivation in developing rural tourism. These theories explained the development of destinations in quest of what the tourists expect or are to expect from a destination. The research employed a mixed methodology in data collection, analysis and presentation. The study findings show that a positive relationship exists between the variable, service quality, and access to finance as validated by the Pearson Correlation Test. The Regression Model showed that there was a relationship between accesses to finance, size of the business and service quality (using quality of financial statements as a measure for service quality), however, the study did not statistically substantiate the relationship. Further, the study findings failed to prove the direction of the relationship in existence between the variables of perceived risk and access to finance.Maikemišetšo a nyakišišo ye e be e le go sekaseka phihlelelo ya ditšhelete bjalo ka tlhohlo go dikgwebo tše nnyane le tša magareng (diSME) go tša boeti gape ka dinagamagaeng. Nepo ya nyakišišo e be e le go kamano gare ga phihlelelo ya ditšhelete le dilo tšeo di e laolago, go swana le go se lekalekane ga tshedimošo, kotsi ye e lemogwago, bogolo bja khamphani, boleng bja mošomo le bja tirelo. Gape nyakišišo e sekasekile dilo tše di laolago go tšwa lehlakoreng la thekgo ya mmušo. Foreimiweke ya teori e be e theilwe godimo ga thekgo ya mmušo le tlhabollo ya boeti bja dinagamagaeng, ka nepo go diteori tša tlhohleletšo go hlabolla boeti bja dinagamagaeng. Diteori tše di hlalositše tlhabollo ya mafelo ao a etelwago go arabela seo baeng ba se lebeletšego goba ba swanetšego go se letela go tšwa mafelong ao ba a etelago. Mekgwa ye hlakantšwego e šomišitšwe go kgoboketša datha, tshekatsheko le tlhagišo. Dikutullo tša nyakišišo di laetša gore kamano ye botse e gona gare ga phetogo, boleng bja tirelo, le phihlelelo ya tšhelete, bjalo ka ge e tiišeditšwe ke teko ya tswalano ya Pearson. Mmotlolo wa khuduego o bontšhitše gore go na le kamano gare ga phihlelelo ya tšhelete, bogolo bja kgwebo le boleng bja tirelo (ka go šomiša boleng bja dipego tša tšhelete bjalo ka tekanyo ya boleng bja tirelo). Le ge go le bjalo, nyakišišo ye ga se ya tiišetša tswalano yeo ka dipalopalo. Go feta fao, dikutullo tša nyakišišo di paletšwe ke go hlatsela tsela ya kamano gare ga diphetogo tša kotsi ye e lemogwago le phihlelelo ya ditšhelete.Die doel van hierdie studie was om finansiële toegang as ’n uitdaging vir klein en medium ondernemings (KMO’s) in toerisme en in landelike gebiede te assesseer. Die studie het op die verhouding tussen finansiële toegang en die determinante daarvan soos inligtingsongelykheid, waargenome risiko, ondernemingsgrootte, prestasie en diensgehalte gefokus. Die studie het ook hierdie determinante vanuit die perspektief van staatsondersteuning ondersoek. Die teoretiese raamwerk was op staatsondersteuning en landelike toerisme-ontwikkeling gebaseer met ’n fokus op motiveringsteorieë in die ontwikkeling van landelike toerisme. Hierdie teorieë het die ontwikkeling van bestemmings in reaksie op wat toeriste van bestemmings verwag of kan verwag, verduidelik. ’n Gemengde metodologie is gebruik vir die insameling van data en die ontleding en aanbieding daarvan. Die bevindinge van die studie het aangetoon dat daar ’n positiewe verhouding tussen die diensgehalte-veranderlike en toegang tot finansiering bestaan, soos deur die Pearson-korrelasietoets gestaaf. Die regressiemodel het aangedui dat daar ’n verhouding tussen toegang tot finansies, ondernemingsgrootte en diensgehalte (deur die gehalte van finansiële state as ’n maatstaf van diensgehalte te gebruik) is. Die studie het egter nie die verhouding statisties gestaaf nie. Voorts het die studieresultate ook in gebreke gebly om die rigting van die verhouding tussen die veranderlikes van waargenome risiko en toegang tot finansiering te bewys.M. Com. (Business Management)Finance, Risk Management and Bankin
An exploration of strategies and approaches used in teaching reading comprehension : a case study of selected grade 10 EFAL classrooms in Mpumalanga, South Africa
No full textResearch indicates that a substantial number of students entering higher education institutions lack the foundational academic reading skills, strategies, and approaches necessary for meaningful engagement with texts in their respective fields. This deficiency in reading skills poses a significant challenge to students’ academic success. Many studies highlight that the utilisation of effective reading strategies and approaches significantly enhances the reading comprehension of English first additional language (EFAL) learners in high schools. Despite scholarly attention to the significance of reading and the challenges teachers confront in its implementation, a clear void exists in the research concerning the precise reading strategies and approaches utilised by EFAL teachers in the South African high school context.
This study aims to address this gap by investigating the use of reading strategies and approaches by Grade 10 EFAL teachers across six schools in the Bushbuckridge region of Mpumalanga, South Africa. The study seeks to answer the following research questions, (a) What specific reading strategies and approaches do Grade 10 EFAL teachers in the Bushbuckridge region employ during the instruction of reading comprehension? (b) What challenges do Grade 10 EFAL teachers encounter while implementing these strategies and approaches for reading comprehension? (c) How are reading strategies delineated in the EFAL CAPS document for Grades 10-12?
Schema theory (Bartlett, 1932; Nunan, 1999) guides this study, offering analytical insights into the collected findings and enriches the study’s findings. Through a qualitative and interpretive case study design, the researcher gathered in-depth descriptions from teachers, learners, and the curriculum assessment policy document (CAPS). To explore teachers’ usage of reading strategies and approaches, data were collected through online semi-structured interviews, online focus group discussions, and documentary analysis. This study’s thematic analysis reveals disparities in Grade 10 EFAL instruction. Despite the integration of reading strategies, their implementation falls below expectations. This is exemplified by teachers providing summaries due to perceived learner incapacity, contrary to the pedagogical ideal of encouraging independent learning. Furthermore, a marked deficiency in higher-order reading skills among EFAL learners, including skimming and keyword identification, undermines effective summarisation and English text comprehension. The study also highlights a distinct divergence between proficient and struggling readers. Proficient readers adeptly deploy varied strategies to decode complex textual meanings, whereas struggling readers grapple even with basic word meanings and struggle to employ these strategies effectively, in contrast to schema theory’s emphasis on active learner participation in constructing meaning.
This study holds valuable implications for both EFAL teachers and learners. By shedding light on the crucial role of reading strategies and approaches in enhancing the reading capabilities of EFAL learners, it enriches their comprehension of the subject. However, the identified shortfall in the use of strategies by teachers demands a comprehensive assessment of their current teaching approaches in the research context of reading. Additionally, it underscores the urgency of instituting a continuous training program aimed at enhancing teachers’ competencies. This emphasis on teacher development is pivotal to empowering EFAL learners, ensuring they are well-prepared for their pursuits in higher education institutions. This study emphasises the need for an immediate reevaluation of EFAL teachers’ instructional strategies in the context of reading. This should be coupled with a sustained commitment to ongoing training initiatives, thereby equipping teachers with the tools to effectively elevate the reading proficiencies of EFAL learners.D. Phil. (English Studies)English Studie
The impact of public sector auditing on promoting accountability and transparency in Africa : a case study of Ghana, Sierra Leone and South Africa
No full textThe objective of this study was to present a policy framework that may strengthen the impact of public sector audit effectiveness in African countries, based on the principles of good governance theory, towards promoting accountability and transparency. The objective was achieved by obtaining an understanding of the factors influencing the effectiveness of public sector auditing from experts (senior management staff of supreme audit institutions [SAIs]) in three African countries, namely Ghana, Sierra Leone and South Africa.
To achieve the research objective, a constructivist and interpretivist epistemological approach were adopted, that included interactive qualitative analysis (IQA) focus groups. Focus Group 1 consisted of senior management staff from SAI in Sierra Leone, Focus Group 2 consisted of senior management staff from SAI in Ghana, and Focus Group 3 consisted of senior management staff from SAI in South Africa. Purposive sampling was applied to select 36 senior management staff as participants, who were experts in public sector auditing, to conduct the respective focus groups. Following the participants’ clarification of factors (-affinities), the relationship between the affinities was established, and the frequency of each relationship was determined through the pareto protocol. The focus groups were applied from where themes or categories were established and blended with a literature review to develop a framework which was further validated by stakeholders through interviews in selected countries in Africa.
A total of 33 affinities and 153 sub-affinities were identified by the three focus groups which resulted in six themes or categories.The six themes are financial viability, auditors ethics, auditee corporate governance,audit tools and technology support, and legislative mandate. This culminated in the development of a draft policy framework recommendation. The policy framework, consisting of operational guidelines and suggested actions for the effectiveness of public sector auditing in promoting accountability and transparency was developed based on the findings of the study. Furthermore, the principles and operations guidelines enclosed in the policy framework were designed to aid key stakeholders in improving and advancing the effectiveness of public sector auditing, by promoting accountability and transparency in Africa.
This study is unique in that it combines a comprehensive, narrative conceptual policy framework with a graphical policy framework that illustrates interrelationships generated through focus group discussions, IQA data, and literature that is not found in other studies. Accordingly, the
effectiveness of public sector auditing on accountability and transparency, as principles of good governance, particularly in developing countries, have been overlooked as identified in the literature. Issues relating to good governance and security are universal aspirations and a shared mission of all SAIs. As a result, the empirical segment of this study provides distinctive perspectives to SAIs, Auditors-General, legislatures, executive governments, citizens, and other stakeholders. The implication for further study is that since there is no ripe experience from which to draw lessons, research on ideas related to effective public sector auditing, supporting, and serving public sector governance should be expanded. In practice, audit theories must be enriched by investigating their mechanisms, fundamental substance, path of realisation, and evaluation methodologies. Academics may be interested in the focus group and IQA methodology, as it has the potential to impact future study designsD. Phil. (Accounting Sciences)College of Accounting Science
From purists to pragmatists: a qualitative evaluation of how implementation processes and contexts shaped the uptake and methodological adaptations of a maternal and neonatal quality improvement programme in South Africa prior to, and during COVID-19
No full textAbstract
Background
Despite progress, maternal and neonatal mortality and still births remain high in South Africa. The South African National Department of Health implemented a quality improvement (QI) programme, called Mphatlalatsane, to reduce maternal and neonatal mortality and still births. It was implemented in 21 public health facilities, seven per participating province, between 2018 and 2022.
Methods
We conducted a qualitative process evaluation of the contextual and implementation process factors’ influence on implementation uptake amongst the QI teams in 15 purposively selected facilities. Data collection included three interview rounds with the leaders and members of the QI teams in each facility; intermittent interviews with the QI advisors; programme documentation review; observation of programme management meetings; and keeping a fieldwork journal. All data were thematically analysed in Atlas.ti. Implementation uptake varied across the three provinces and between facilities within provinces.
Results
Between March and August 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic disrupted uptake in all provinces but affected QI teams in one province more severely than others, because they received limited pre-pandemic training. Better uptake among other sites was attributed to receiving more QI training pre-COVID-19, having an experienced QI advisor, and good teamwork. Uptake was more challenging amongst hospital teams which had more staff and more complicated MNH services, versus the primary healthcare facilities. We also attributed better uptake to greater district management support. A key factor shaping uptake was leaders’ intrinsic motivation to apply QI methodology. We found that, across sites, organic adaptations to the QI methodology were made by teams, started during COVID-19. Teams did away with rapid testing of change ideas and keeping a paper trail of the steps followed. Though still using data to identify service problems, they used self-developed audit tools to record intervention effectiveness, and not the prescribed tools.
Conclusions
Our study underscores the critical role of intrinsic motivation of team leaders, support from experienced technical QI advisors, and context-sensitive adaptations to maximise QI uptake when traditionally recognised QI steps cannot be followed