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Preventing cryptographic attacks used on the Internet of Things
No full textCryptographic attacks on Internet of Things (IoT) devices are not highly con sidered by the users of IoT. Most cryptographic algorithms commonly used on
IoT devices are vulnerable to cryptographic attacks. Cryptography attacks
refer to mathematical procedures to crack the secret key of the algorithm used
on IoT devices. More needs to be done to prevent attacks on cryptographic
algorithms used on IoT devices. The objectives of this study are: (i)To use
the Khumbelo Difference Muthavhine (KDM) function to prevent Differen tial Cryptanalysis (DC) attacks in the AES algorithm used on IoT devices.
(ii) To apply the Blocker function to prevent Differential-Linear Cryptanal ysis (DL) attacks in the Serpent algorithm used on IoT devices. (iii) To
use the Khumbelo function to prevent Linear Cryptanalysis (LC), DC, DL,
boomerang, truncated differential, meet-in-the-middle, and zero-correlation linear-distinguisher attacks in the Camellia algorithm used on IoT devices.
(iv) Applying the Khumbelo function to protect IoT against LC, DC, DL,
boomerang, truncated differential, meet-in-the-middle, and zero-correlation linear-distinguisher attacks. The KDM, Khumbelo, and Blocker functions
prevented cryptographic attacks since all 8 x 8 S-Boxes were changed to 8
x 32 S-Box depending on the particular chapter. The analysis produced re markable results in preventing cryptographic attacks from IoT devices using
the KDM, Khumbelo, and Blocker functions. The objectives of the study was
to block the construction of distiguishers. Distinguishers are used by intrud ers as first step to conduct any cryptographic attack. Once the construction of distiguishers are blocked, therefore no attacks would be established. The
study managed to block construction of distiguishers to 0% probability com pared to (i)50% of LC attacks, (ii) 50% of DL attacks, and (iii) 50% of
DC attacks. The 8 x 32 S-Box was expected to build distinguishers from
2
8 x 232 = 256 x 4, 294, 967, 296 matrices with 1, 099, 511, 627, 776 elements.
Due to computational space, an ordinary computer could not compute 256
x 4, 294, 967, 296 matrices.D. Eng. (Electrical Engineering)Electrical and Mining Engineerin
Search for dark photons from Higgs boson decays via ZH production with a photon plus missing transverse momentum signature from pp collisions at s = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector
No full textAbstract
This paper describes a search for dark photons (γd) in proton-proton collisions at
s
= 13 TeV at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The dark photons are searched for in the decay of Higgs bosons (H → γγd) produced through the ZH production mode. The transverse mass of the system, made of the photon and the missing transverse momentum from the non-interacting γd, presents a distinctive signature as it peaks near the Higgs boson mass. The results presented use the total Run-2 integrated luminosity of 139 fb−1 recorded by the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The dominant reducible background processes are estimated using data-driven techniques. A Boosted Decision Tree technique is adopted to enhance the sensitivity of the search. As no excess is observed with respect to the Standard Model prediction, an observed (expected) upper limit on the branching ratio BR(H → γγd) of 2.28% (
2.82
−
0.84
+
1.33
%
) is set at 95% CL for massless γd. For massive dark photons up to 40 GeV, the observed (expected) upper limits on BR(H → γγd) at 95% confidence level is found within the [2.19,2.52]% ([2.71,3.11]%) range
Application of ethics in the South African rural context
No full textWhen conducting research, it is fundamentally important to adhere to universal ethical principles with the intent to minimise
harm and maximise benefits. This is not always relevant as these principles are based on the Western way of doing things. In
Western culture, the focus of ethics is mainly on individualism and this value undermines the essence of ubuntu. However, in the
South African context, the individual is always seen in relation to significant others, meaning that relational philosophies need to
inform context-specific ethics in these communities. This paper aims to advocate for the utilisation of contextually relevant
ethical principles to embrace diverse South African contexts. The paper is based on the author’s reflexive practice in conducting
research in South Africa’s rural areas. The reflection focuses on the researcher’s dilemma in implementing universal ethical
principles in a rural South African context. The paper highlights congruent ethical approaches in a diverse African context
guided by relational ethics which is grounded in ubuntu principles. The approaches ensure that researchers remain ethical by
embracing ubuntu principles.College of Graduate StudiesSouth African Medical Research Council: Self Initiated Gran
Reporting on human rights by large corporates: Interplay between comprehensiveness and narrative manipulation
Get PDFCompanies are often accused of using sustainability disclosures as public relations tools to manage financial and non-financial stakeholders' impressions. The purpose of our study was firstly to determine how comprehensive the human rights disclosures of a sample of large international companies were and secondly, whether different narrative styles are associated with levels of disclosure to manage readers' impressions about the company. We analysed the public human rights disclosures for 154 large, international companies obtained from the UN Guiding Principles Reporting website. On average, companies complied with only one-third of the UN Guiding Principles Reporting Framework criteria. Communication about policies has the highest compliance, whilst communication about determining which human rights aspects are salient to the company, remedies for transgressions and stakeholder engagement have the lowest disclosure. When we split the sample between high disclosure and low disclosure companies, we found that the readability of the human rights disclosures is exceptionally low and even more so for low disclosure companies. Low disclosure companies used words implying Satisfaction significantly more than high disclosure companies, which provides some support for suspecting that low disclosure companies practise impression management by only presenting a ‘rosy picture’, as well as obfuscation via low readability. We add to the literature on impression management by large corporations in their sustainability reporting, and specifically human rights disclosures, by revealing how the interplay of low disclosure, low readability and overuse of words signalling Satisfaction contributes to impression management, rather than sincere attempts at accountability to all stakeholders.Financial Intelligenc
The impact of psychosocial employability attributes among registered HR and IOP professionals in South Africa
Get PDFThe objective of this study was to measure the impact psychosocial employability attributes of human resources practitioners (HRPs) and industrial and organisational psychologists (IOPs) who are registered with and affiliated to professional bodies in South Africa as a result of continuous professional development (CPD) outcomes. The secondary aim was to determine the impact that biographical variables such as gender, age, ethnicity, qualification level, occupational category and work experience have on their psychosocial employability attributes.
A quantitative study, using primary data, was conducted using a convenience sample (N = 226) of professionals registered with professional bodies in SA.
Confirmatory factor analysis results indicated that significant good fit models and relationships existed between the participants’ psychosocial employability attributes, namely, (i) self-efficacy; (ii) career resilience; (iii) career self-management; (iv) cultural competence; (v) sociability; (vi) proactivity; (vii) emotional literacy; and (viii) entrepreneurial orientation. Continuous professional development (CPD) measures were similarly addressed, including the respondents’ (i) self-perceived value regarding CPD; (ii) subjective career success; (iii) learning preferences; (iv) learning types; (v) self-perceived employability; (vi) CPD support; and lastly (vii) their subjective career success. The findings of the study contributed new knowledge that may be used to inform the CPD policy of professional bodies in South Africa. The study concluded with recommendations that scholars and practitioners may consider for future research.M. Com. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)Industrial and Organisational Psycholog
The nexus between financial inclusion, financial stabilty and economic growth in Sub-Saharan Africa
Get PDFAbstracts in English, Zulu and AfrikaansScholars and several global and international development agencies have been advocating the importance of financial inclusion for financial stability, social welfare improvement and sustainable economic growth. Within this general framework, the Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries have been striving to develop and implement financial inclusion strategies so as to realise stability and sustainable economic growth. However, theories and empirical findings lack consensus on the major drivers of financial inclusion and financial stability. In addition, there are disagreements on the relationships between financial inclusion, financial stability and economic growth, resulting in disparity in the design and application of strategies and policies. The aim of this study is, thus, to examine the key drivers of financial inclusion and financial stability, assess the cointegrating long run relationships, as well as determine the causalities that exist between financial inclusion, financial stability and economic growth for the selected SSA countries for the period of 2000 to 2019. The study used the General Methods of Moments (GMMs) for the dynamic panel data, Autoregressive Distributed Lags (ARDL) for the panel cointegration tests and panel Granger non-causality tests to verify the causation between the variables. Composite indices were developed for the financial inclusion and institutional quality using a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) technique. The results of this study revealed that the lags effect, economic growth, financial stability, financial deepening, inflation, efficiency, profitability and liquidity position found to be important drivers of financial inclusion in the region. On the other hand, financial stability is determined by its lags effect, financial inclusion, institutional quality, digital technology adoption and global financial crises. The study also found that there is a long run relationship between financial inclusion, financial stability and economic growth. Moreover, there is a pairwise bi-directional Granger non-causality between financial inclusion, financial stability and economic growth, in the region, implying possible complementarity. Specifically, economic growth drives both financial inclusion and financial stability in most of the low income SSA countries, whereas financial inclusion promotes financial stability and economic growth for most of the middle income economies. In this study, considering the broad and multidimensional aspects of a financial inclusion, the use of a composite index to assess the interaction between financial inclusion, financial stability and economic growth helped to have a comprehensive picture and address the problems that may arise from the use of individual indicators. The findings of the study further confirmed that both macro and micro economic factors are important drivers of financial inclusion and financial stability. In addition, there are joint and separate causalities between financial inclusion, financial stability, and economic growth, and hence the SSA countries should follow a holistic approach, and develop and implement policies and strategies that ensure inclusive and sustainable growth. In addition, the adoption of financial regulations should consider the synergy between financial inclusion, financial stability and economic growth. Thus, policy makers, government advisors and financial sector regulators should not trade-off between the financial inclusion, stability and economic growth while adopting strategies and policies in the region.Izazi kanye nama-ejensi amaningana entuthuko emhlabeni jikelele nakwamanye amazwe bebekhuthaza ukubaluleka kokufakwa kwezimali ukuze kube nokuzinza kwezezimali, ukuthuthukiswa kwezenhlalakahle kanye nokukhula komnotho okusimeme. Ngaphakathi kwalolu hlaka olujwayelekile, amazwe ase-Afrika eseNingizimu ne-Sahara (aziwa ngokuthi yi-SSA) abezama ukuthuthukisa nokusebenzisa amasu okufakwa kwezimali ukuze afezekise ukusimama nokukhula komnotho okusimeme. Kodwa-ke, amathiyori kanye nokutholwe okunamandla akunakho ukuvumelana ngezimbangela ezinkulu zokufakwa kwezezimali nokuzinza kwezezimali. Ukwengeza, kunokungaboni ngaso linye ngobudlelwano phakathi kokufakwa kwezimali, ukuzinza kwezezimali kanye nokukhula komnotho, okuholela ekuhlukeni ekuklanyweni nasekusetshenzisweni kwamasu nezinqubomgomo. Ngakho-ke, inhloso yalolu cwaningo ukuhlola izici ezibalulekile zokufakwa kwezimali nokuzinza kwezezimali, ukuhlola ubudlelwano besikhathi eside, kanye nokuthola izizathu ezikhona phakathi kokufakwa kwezimali, ukuzinza kwezezimali kanye nokukhula komnotho emazweni akhethiwe e-SSA kusukela kuyisikhathi sezi-2000 kuya kwezi-2019. Ucwaningo lusebenzise Izindlela Ezivamile Zezikhathi (IEZ) kudatha yephaneli eguqukayo, eyaziwa ngokuthi yi-Autoregressive Distributed Lags (ARDL) yokuhlolwa kokuhlanganisa kwephaneli kanye nokuhlolwa kwephaneli okungeyona i-Granger Causality ukuze kuqinisekiswe imbangela phakathi kokuhlukahluka. Izinkomba ezihlanganisiwe zenzelwe ukufakwa kwezezimali kanye nekhwalithi yesikhungo kusetshenziswa inqubo Yokuhlaziya Ingxenye Eyinhloko (YIE). Imiphumela yalolu cwaningo iveze ukuthi ukwehla komnotho, ukukhula komnotho, ukuzinza kwezezimali, ukujula kwezimali, ukwehla kwamandla emali, ukusebenza kahle, ukwenza inzuzo kanye nesimo semali kutholwe kuyimbangela ebalulekile yokufakwa kwezimali esifundeni. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuzinza kwezezimali kunqunywa umphumela wokubambezeleka, ukufakwa kwezimali, ikhwalithi yesikhungo, ukwamukelwa kobuchwepheshe bedijithali kanye nezinkinga zezimali zomhlaba wonke. Ucwaningo luphinde lwathola ukuthi kunobudlelwano obude phakathi kokufakwa kwezimali, ukuzinza kwezezimali kanye nokukhula komnotho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunembangela ephindwe kabili yokubhanqa okuhlakaniphile engeyona ye-Granger casualty phakathi kokufakwa kwezimali, ukuzinza kwezezimali nokukhula komnotho, esifundeni, okusho ukuphelelisana okungenzeka. Ikakhulukazi, ukukhula komnotho kugqugquzela kokubili ukufakwa kwezezimali nokuzinza kwezezimali emazweni amaningi e-SSA anengeniso ephansi, kuyilapho ukufakwa kwezezimali kukhuthaza ukuzinza kwezezimali nokukhula komnotho kweningi leminotho yabantu abanengeniso yeholo eliphakathi.nendawo. Kulolu cwaningo, kucatshangelwa izici ezibanzi zokufakwa kwezimali, ukusetshenziswa kwenkomba eyinhlanganisela ukuhlola ukusebenzisana phakathi kokufakwa kwezimali, ukuzinza kwezezimali nokukhula komnotho kusize ukuba nesithombe esibanzi futhi kuxazululwe izinkinga ezingase zivele ekusetshenzisweni kwezinkomba ngazinye. Okutholwe ocwaningweni kuphinde kwaqinisekisa ukuthi zombili izici zomnotho ezinkulu nezincane ziyizici ezibalulekile zokufakwa kwezimali kanye nokuzinza kwezezimali. Ukwengeza, kunezimbangela ezihlangene nezihlukene phakathi kokufakwa kwezimali, ukuzinza kwezezimali, kanye nokukhula komnotho, yingakho amazwe e-SSA kufanele alandele indlela ephelele, futhi athuthukise futhi asebenzise izinqubomgomo namasu aqinisekisa ukukhula okubandakanyayo nokusimeme. Ukwengeza, ukwamukelwa kwemithethonqubo yezezimali kufanele kucabangele ukusebenzisana phakathi kokufakwa kwezimali, ukuzinza kwezezimali kanye nokukhula komnotho. Ngakho-ke, abenzi bezinqubomgomo, abeluleki bakahulumeni kanye nabalawuli bomkhakha wezezimali akufanele bahwebe phakathi kokufakwa kwezimali, ukuzinza kanye nokukhula komnotho ngenkathi besebenzisa amasu nezinqubomgomo kuhulumeni kuyisifunda.Vakkundiges en verskeie globale en internasionale ontwikkelingsagentskappe verkondig die belangrikheid van finansiële insluiting vir finansiële stabiliteit, verbetering van maatskaplike welvaart en volhoubare ekonomiese groei. Binne hierdie algemene raamwerk streef die sub-Sahara- (SSA-) Afrikalande na die ontwikkeling en implementering van finansiële insluitingstrategieë om stabiliteit en volhoubare ekonomiese groei ’n werklikheid te maak. Teorieë en empiriese bevindings stem egter nie ooreen oor die belangrikste aandrywers van finansiële insluiting en finansiële stabiliteit nie. Daarbenewens is daar meningsverskille oor die verhoudings tussen finansiële insluiting, finansiële stabiliteit en ekonomiese groei, wat ongelykheid in die ontwerp en toepassing van strategieë en beleide tot gevolg het. Die doel van hierdie studie is dus om die sleutelaandrywers van finansiële insluiting en finansiële stabiliteit te ondersoek, die koïntegrerende langtermynverhoudings te assesseer, asook die kousaliteite wat tussen finansiële insluiting, finansiële stabiliteit en ekonomiese groei vir die gekose SSA-lande vir die tydperk 2000 tot 2019 bestaan, te bepaal. Die studie het gebruik gemaak van die Algemene Metodes van Momente (AMM’e) vir die dinamiese paneeldata, Outoregressiewe Verspreide Sloerings (ORVS) vir die paneelkoïntegrasie-toetse en paneel-nie-Granger-kousaliteitstoetse om die kousaliteit tussen die veranderlikes te verifieer. Saamgestelde indekse is ontwikkel vir die finansiële insluiting en institusionele gehalte deur gebruikmaking van ’n Primêrekomponent- (PKO-) ontledingstegniek. Die resultate van hierdie studie het aan die lig gebring dat die sloering-effek, ekonomiese groei, finansiële stabiliteit, finansiële verdieping, inflasie, bekwaamheid, winsgewendheid en likiditeitsposisie belangrike aandrywers van finansiële insluiting in die streek is. Aan die ander kant word finansiële stabiliteit deur sy sloering-effek, finansiële insluiting, institusionele gehalte, aanvaarding van digitale tegnologie en finansiële krisisse bepaal. Die studie het ook bevind dat daar ’n langtermynverhouding tussen finansiële insluiting, finansiële stabiliteit en ekonomiese groei bestaan. Daar is boonop ’n paargewyse tweerigting- nie-Granger-kousaliteit tussen finansiële insluiting, finansiële stabiliteit en ekonomiese groei in die streek, wat moontlike komplementariteit impliseer. Ekonomiese groei dryf spesifiek sowel finansiële insluiting as finansiële stabiliteit aan in die meeste lae-inkomste- SSA-lande, terwyl finansiële insluiting finansiële stabiliteit en ekonomiese groei vir die meeste middelinkomste-ekonomieë bevorder. In hierdie studie, met inagneming van die breë en meerdimensionele aspekte van ’n finansiële insluiting, het die gebruik van ’n saamgestelde indeks om die interaksie tussen finansiële insluiting, finansiële stabiliteit en ekonomiese groei te assesseer, gehelp om ’n omvattende beeld te vorm en die probleme te hanteer wat uit die gebruik van individuele aanwysers kan ontstaan. Die bevindings van die studie het verder bevestig dat sowel makro- as mikro-ekonomiese faktore belangrike aandrywers van finansiële insluiting en finansiële stabiliteit is. Daarbenewens is daar gesamentlike en afsonderlike kousaliteite tussen finansiële insluiting, finansiële stabiliteit, en ekonomiese groei. Die SSA-lande behoort derhalwe ’n holistiese benadering te volg, en beleide en strategieë te ontwikkel en in werking te stel wat inklusiewe en volhoubare groei verseker. Daarby behoort die aanvaarding van finansiële regulasies die sinergie tussen finansiële insluiting, finansiële stabiliteit en ekonomiese groei te oorweeg. Derhalwe behoort beleidmakers, regeringsadviseurs en finansiëlesektor-reguleerders nie kompromieë aan te gaan tussen finansiële insluiting, stabiliteit en ekonomiese groei wanneer strategieë en beleide in die streek aanvaar word nie.Ph. D. (Management Studies (Finance, Risk Management and Banking))Finance, Risk Management and Bankin
The Importance of Participation and Involvement of the Local Structures towards an Improved Service Delivery: a case of the Sekhukhune District Municipality
Get PDFSouth African municipalities have moral and legal obligations to involve local communities in
determining, prioritising, and realising their socio-economic development needs. This chapter
explores the importance of local structures’ participation and involvement to improve service
delivery for development enhancement. The focus of this study is centred on the involvement and
participation of non-governmental organisations, traditional leaders, local municipalities, and
business sectors in the Sekhukhune District Municipality. The aim is to explore the importance of
participation and involvement of these structures in improving service delivery at the local level.
Phenomenological and descriptive methods were used embracing purposive non-probability and
non-statistical sampling procedures. An Atlas TI software program was used for data analysis.
This paper postulates that a lack of resources and coordination among the local structures
compromises development while service delivery is collapsing. It is envisaged that more resources
need to be mobilised whilst the local structures are well coordinated and are at the centre of their
own development. This chapter addresses the policy gaps by local government resulting from a
lack of involvement and inclusivity of local structures on development initiatives through
participatory democracy. Conversely, the chapter makes a meaningful contribution to the body of knowledge on the realisation of the importance of participation and involvement of the local structures in development as the cornerstone of local democracy.Development StudiesUnis
"Telling our stories": exploring and documenting the lived experiences of sexual and gender-diverse offenders in two South African correctional facilities
Get PDFIncludes summaries in Zulu and Southern SothoIntroduction: Despite having one of the world’s most progressive and inclusive constitutions, South Africa continues to experience significant discrimination and victimisation perpetuated against the LGBTQ+ population. Dehumanising practices are evident in all social institutions, including correctional institutions. While correctional facilities are seen as enclosed institutions, in reality, carceral cultures and practices are continuously influenced and shaped by practices from free society. This means that homophobic beliefs and attitudes in free society find their way into correctional facilities. Unique correctional cultures and practices also function to uphold heteronormativity, thus denying diverse sexual and gender identities. Although these are the seemingly dominant practices, this does not negate multifaceted and positive practices related to sexual and gender diversity in these spaces.
Aim: This study aims to explore and document the lived experiences of sexual and gender-diverse offenders in two South African correctional facilities located in the Gauteng province.
Method: This study uses social constructionism to understand and interpret participants’ narratives and experiences. Social constructionism holds that “truths”, experiences and practices are socially constructed. The qualitative method was used to capture the depth and richness of the participants’ experiences. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data with a particular focus on reflective thematic analysis, which stresses the importance of the researcher's subjectivity in the data collection and analysis.
Findings: Five primary themes were identified: 1) Segregation vs integration captured the participants’ experiences related to placement, whether in special care or general sections. Overall, the participants reported adverse experiences in special care sections. 2) Sexual and gender identities in the context of incarceration broadly spoke to the continuum of sexual diversity. The participants’ narratives highlighted the “endlessness” of sexual identities. Some participants expressed that they found liberation in incarceration regarding their sexual and gender identities. 3) Systemic homophobia presented participants’ experiences of homophobia, discrimination and marginalisation perpetuated by correctional officials and offenders. 4) Relationships in correctional spaces spoke to issues surrounding intimate relationships in correctional spaces. Some participants narrated experiences of developing meaningful connections with others. 5) The last theme narrated the resilience of sexual and gender-diverse offenders despite the challenges they experienced in correctional institutions.
The overarching experiences reported by participants were those of systemic homophobia and victimisation primarily perpetrated by correctional officials. The pervasive and often blatant discrimination and marginalisation narrated by participants portray correctional facilities as ‘no place for sexual and gender diverse people’. However, participants also reported positive experiences such as sense of liberation in the expression of their diverse identities and building meaningful relationships with others. Despite having to deal with systemic homophobia, participants demonstrated great resilience and strength and found constructive ways of engaging with the carceral environment. This study outlined a few key recommendations that ultimately speak to the need for the revision of DCS incarceration policies and procedures to safeguard the human rights and ensure the safe detention of sexual and gender diverse offenders.Isingeniso: Naphezu kokuba nomthethosisekelo emhlabeni onenqubekela phambili futhi obandakanya wonke umuntu, iNingizimu Afrika isaqhubeka nokucwaswa nokuhlukunyezwa okugqugquzelwa ebantwini be-LGBTQ+. Imikhuba elulaza ubuntu iyabonakala kuzo zonke izikhungo zezenhlalakahle, kuhlanganise nezikhungo zokuqondiswa kwezimilo. Nakuba izikhungo zokuqondiswa kwezimilo zithathwa njengezikhungo ezivalekile, empeleni, amasiko nezinqubo zokuziphatha ejele zilokhu zithonywa futhi zakhiwe yizinqubo ezivela emphakathini okhululekile. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izinkolelo zokucwaswa kokuthandana kobulili obufanayo kanye nesimo sengqondo emphakathini okhululekile zithola indlela yazo ezikhungweni zokuqondiswa kwezimilo. Amasiko nezinqubo zokuqondisa ezihlukile ziphinde zisebenze ukuze kugcinwe umqondo wokuthi ubulili obuhlukile buyindlela evamile, ngaleyo ndlela kunqabe ukukhonjwa okuhlukahlukene kwezocansi nobulili. Nakuba lezi kuyizinqubo ezibonakala zinamandla, lokhu akuphikisani nemikhuba ehlukahlukene nelungile ehlobene nokuhlukahluka kwezocansi nobulili kulezi zikhala.
Inhloso: Inhloso yalolu cwaningo bekuwukuhlola kanye nokubhala phansi izehlakalo zezaphulamthetho zocansi nezobulili ezihlukene ezikhungweni ezimbili zokuqondiswa kwezimilo zaseNingizimu Afrika ezisesifundazweni saseGauteng.
Indlela: Umbono woqoqo lolwazi nokudaleka kwezimo zomphakathi wasetshenziselwa ukuqonda nokuhumusha ukulandisa kwabahlanganyeli. Umbono woqoqo lolwazi nokudaleka kwezimo zomphakathi ubamba ukuthi "amaqiniso", nemikhuba yakhiwe emphakathini. Indlela ngokuchazayo yasetshenziswa ukuze kuthathwe ukujula nokunotha kokuhlangenwe nakho kwabahlanganyeli. Kusetshenziswe ukuhlaziya indikimba ekuhlaziyeni imininingwane kugxilwe kakhulu ekuhlaziyeni indikimba echazayo, okugcizelela ukubaluleka kokuzicabangela komcwaningi ekuqoqweni nasekuhlaziyeni imininingwane.
Imiphumela: Izindikimba ezinhlanu eziyinhloko zihlonziwe: 1) Ukuhlukaniswa nokuhlanganisa kwagcina ukuhlangenwe nako kwabahlanganyeli okuhlobene nokubekwa, kungaba ngokunakekelwa okukhethekile noma izigaba ezijwayelekile. Sekukonke, abahlanganyeli babike abahlangene nako okubi ezigabeni zokunakekelwa okukhethekile. 2) Ubunikazi kwezocansi nobulili esimeni sokuboshwa kukhulunywe kabanzi ngokuqhubeka kokuhlukahluka kwezocansi. Ukulandisa kwabahlanganyeli kugqamise "ukungapheli" kobunikazi kwezocansi nobulili. Abanye abahlanganyeli bazwakalise ukuthi bathole inkululeko ekuboshweni mayelana nobunikazi babo kwezocansi nobulili. 3) Uhlelo lokucwaswa lokuthandana kobulili obufanayo lwethula okuhlangenwe nakho kwabahlanganyeli mayelana nokucwaswa kokuthandana kobulili obufanayo, ukucwaswa kanye nokubukelwa phansi okugqugquzelwa yizikhulu zokuqondiswa kwezimilo kanye nezephulamthetho. 4) Ubudlelwano ezindaweni zokuqondiswa kwezimilo bukhulume ngezindaba ezithinta ubudlelwano bezocansi ezindaweni zokuqondiswa kwezimilo. Abanye abahlanganyeli balandisa okuhlangenwe nakho kokuthuthukisa ukuxhumana okunenjongo nabanye. 5) Indikimba yokugcina ikhulume ngokukhuthazela kwezigebengu zocansi nezobulili ezihlukene naphezu kwezinselelo abahlangabezane nazo ezikhungweni zokuqondiswa kwezimilo.
Izehlakalo ezivelele ezibikwe ngabahlanganyeli yilezo zokucwaswa kwabantu abathandanayo bobulili obufanayo kanye nokuhlukunyezwa okwenziwa ikakhulukazi yizikhulu zokuhlunyeleliswa kwezimilo. Ukucwasa nokucwaswa okugcwele futhi okuvame ukuba sobala okulandiswa ngabahlanganyeli kuveza izindawo zokuhlunyeleliswa kwezimilo njengokuthi “ayikho indawo yabantu abahlukene ngokocansi nabahlukene ngokobulili”
Kodwa-ke, abahlanganyeli baphinde babika okuhlangenwe nakho okuhle, okufana nomuzwa wenkululeko ekuvezeni ubunjalo babo obuhlukahlukene kanye nokwakha ubudlelwano obunenjongo nabanye. Naphezu kokubhekana nokucwaswa kwabantu abathandanayo bobulili obufanayo, abahlanganyeli babonise ukuqina okukhulu namandla futhi bathola izindlela ezakhayo zokuzibandakanya nendalo yasejele. Lolu cwaningo luveze iziphakamiso ezimbalwa ezibalulekile ezigcina zikhuluma ngesidingo sokubuyekezwa kwezinqubomgomo nezinqubo zokuboshwa zoMnyango Wezinsizakalo Zokuhlunyeleliswa Kwezimilo (DCS) ukuze kuvikelwe amalungelo abantu futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuboshwa okuphephile kwezaphula mthetho eziphathelene ezahlukile ngokocansi ngokobulili.Matseno: Le fa Aforikaborwa e na le mongwe wa melaotheo e e akaretsang e bile e na le
tswelelopele, e tswelela go nna le tlhaolo le tshotlo e e lebisitsweng kwa setlhopheng sa
LGBTQ+. Go tswelela go nna le ditiragatso tse di swabisang mo ditheong tsa setšhaba, go
akarediwa ditheo tsa kgopololo. Le fa ditlamelo tsa kgopololo di tsewa e le ditheo tse di
tswaletsweng, mekgwa le tiragatso ya botshwarwa e tswelela go tlhotlhelediwa le go bopiwa
ke setšhaba se se kwa ntle. Seno se kaya gore mekgwa le ditumelo tse di kgatlhanong le batho
ba ba ratanang le ba bong bo bo tshwanang tsa batho ba ba kwa ntle di tswelela go fetela mo
dith eong tsa kgopololo. Mekgwa le ditiragatso tse di kgethegileng tsa kgopololo le tsona di
tsweletsa kamogelo ya mokgwatlwaelo wa go ratana ga banna le basadi, mme ka go rialo e
iletsa boitshupo jo bo methalethale jwa boitlhophelo jwa thobalano le bong. Le f a ditiragatso
tseno di bonala di fekeetsa, seno ga se ganetse gore go na le ditiragatso tsa maphatamantsi tse
di amanang le methalethale ya boitlhophelo jwa thobalano le bong mo mafelong a mangwe.
Maikaelelo: Maikaelelo a thutopatlisiso eno e ne e le go tlhotlhomisa le go kwala maitemogelo
a bagolegwa ka bong le boitlhophelo jwa thobalano jwa methalethale kwa ditlamelong tse pedi
tsa kgopololo tsa Aforikaborwa kwa porofenseng ya Gauteng.
Mmeo:Go dirisitswe mmeo wa kagoloago go tlhaloganya le go ranola dikanelo le maitemogelo
a banni le seabe. Kagoloago e dumela gore “dinnete”, maitemogelo le ditiragatso di agwa mo
loagong. Go dirisitswe mmeo wa khwalithatifi go bona boteng le khumo ya maitemog elo a
banni le seabe. Go dirisitswe tokololo go ya ka merero go lokolola data go totilwe tokololo go
ya ka merero le itshekatsheko, e e gatelelang botlhokwa jwa gore mmatlisisi a se ke a tsaya
letlhakore mo kokoanyong le mo tokololong ya data .
Dipoelo:Go supilwe merero e metlhano ya tshimologo: 1) Tlhaolo mo boemong jwa kopano e
tlhagisitswe e le maitemogelo a banni le seabe malebana le ntlha ya go isiwa kwa lefelong, e
ka nna kwa dikarolong tsa tlhokomelo e e kgethegileng gongwe tsa kakaretso. Ka kakar etso,
banni le seabe ba begile fa ba nnile le maitemogelo a a maswe mo dikarolong tsa tlhokomelo e
e kgethegileng. 2) Boitshupo jwa boitlhophelo jwa thobalano le bong mo bokaelong jwa
kgolegelo bo tlhagisa tsweletso ya methalethale ya boitlhophelo jwa thob alano. Dikanelo tsa
banni le seabe di bontshitse “go sa khutleng” ga boitshupo jwa boitlhophelo jwa thobalano.
Banni le seabe ba bangwe ba tlhagisitse fa ba bone kgololesego mo kgolegelong malebana le
boitshupo jwa boitlhophelo jwa thobalano le bong. 3) B anni le seabe ba itemogetse letlhoo
kgatlhanong le batho ba ba ratanang le batho ba bong jo bo tshwanang, go tlhaolwa le go
kgaphelwa thoko go go diragaditsweng ke batlhankedi ba kgopololo le bagolegwa . 4)
Dikamano tsa kwa dikgolegelong di tlhagisa dintlh a tse di ka ga dikamano tsa marato mo
dikgolegelong. Banni le seabe bangwe ba tlhagisitse maitemogelo a go nna le dikgolagano tse
di molemo le ba bangwe. 5) Morero wa bofelo o anetse kgotlhelelo ya bagolegwa ba
boitlhophelo jwa thobalano le bong jwa metha lethale le fa ba ntse ba itemogela dikgwetlho mo
ditheong tsa kgopololo.
Maitemogelomagolo a a begilweng ke banni le seabe ke a letlhoo le le akaretsang kgatlhanong le batho ba ba ratanang le batho ba bong jo bo tshwanang le go tshwarwa makgwakgwa go go diragaditsweng thata ke batlhankedi ba kgopololo. Go tlhaolwa go go mo pepeneneng e bile go sa fele go go tlhagisitsweng ke banni le seabe go bontsha fa ditlamelo tsa kgopololo “e se mafelo a a siametseng batho ba boitlhophelo jwa thobalano le bong jwa methalethale”. Le gale banni le seabe ba begile gape maitemogelo a a siameng a tshwana le go ikutlwa ba gololesegile go tlhagisa boitshupo jwa bona jwa methalethale le go nna le dikamano tse di molemo le ba bangwe. Le fa ba itemogetse letlhoo la batho ba ba ratanang le ba bong jo bo tshwanang, banni le seabe ba bontshitse kgotlhelelo e kgolo le maatla mme ba iponetse ditsela tsa go samagana le seemo sa kwa kgolegelong. Thutopatlisiso eno e tlhagisitse dikatlenegiso di le mmalwa tse tota di tlhagisang botlhokwa jwa gore go sekasekwe dipholisi le ditsamaiso tsa dikgolegelo tsa Lefapha la Ditirelo tsa Kgopololo (DCS) go sireletsa ditshwanelo tsa botho le go netefatsa pabalesego ya bagolegwa ba boitlhophelo jwa thobalano le bong jwa methalethale.D.Phil. (Psychology)Psycholog
An exploration of safety and security at OR Tambo International airport
Get PDFThe goal of this study was to explore the effectiveness of existing safety and security
measures at OR Tambo International Airport (ORTIA) in crime prevention. The value
of ORTIA was established in terms of tourism and a healthy economy. However, the
study was premised on the risks and vulnerabilities at ORTIA which manifest in crime
taking place at the airport.
The study used a quantitative research methodology and established the study as
explorative and descriptive. A non-experimental and randomised cross-sectional
research design was used. Through random sampling, a total of 100 participants
contributed to the study and yielded a representative percentage of 36%. Data were
collected through online self-administered questionnaires from security personnel
employed at ORTIA. Data were analysed through descriptive analysis and efforts were
made to ensure validity and reliability as well as adhering to ethical considerations.
The main findings revealed that the airport is fairly safe and the most
problematic crimes taking place at ORTIA were reported to be theft, mishandled
baggage, Automated Teller Machine (ATM) crimes, burglary, robbery, illegal
immigrants and smuggling of drugs. Most participants had witnessed a crime at ORTIA
that mostly included theft, ATM crimes and robbery. Most of the participants reported
the crimes and confirmed that action was taken against the crimes. Moreover, crime
prevention and intervention strategies were proposed by the participants.
The study achieved its aim by achieving its objectives. Thus, the nature and extent of
crime committed at ORTIA were achieved. Also, the existing safety and security
measures at ORTIA were established. Finally, recommendations were made for
ORTIA based on the theoretical and empirical findings of the study. No research study
is exempt from limitations thus the limitations of the study were outlined and
recommendations for future research were proposed. Through the holistic
understanding of the dissertation, it can be concluded that safety and security were
explored to inform crime prevention at ORTIA.Injongo yolu phononongo ibikukuphicotha/ukuhlola impumelelo yamanyathelo akhoyo
okhuselo nokhuseleko kwisikhululo senqwelomoya saMazwe ngaMazwe i-OR Tambo
(ORTIA) ekuthinteleni ulwaphulo-mthetho. Uxabiseko le-ORTIA lamiselwa
ngokwezokhenketho kunye noqoqosho oluphilileyo. Nangona kunjalo, uphononongo
lwalusekelwe kumngcipheko kunye nobuthathaka e-ORTIA obubonakala kulwaphulomthetho
olwenzeka kwisikhululo seenqwelomoya.
Uphononongo lusebenzise indlela yophando yobuninzi kwaye lwamisela
uphononongo njengoluphicothayo/oluhlolayo kunye noluchazayo. Kusetyenziswe
uyilo lophando olungenamfuniselo/olungenalingelo nolungenamkhethe.
Ngokusebenzisa iisampulu ezingacwangciswanga, inani lilonke labathathi-nxaxheba
abali-100 babanegalelo kuphononongo kwaye bavelise ipesenti emele i-36%. Idatha
yaqokelelwa ngokusebenzisa iphepha lemibuzo elizilawulayo nge-intanethi ivela
kubasebenzi bokhuseleko abaqeshwe e-ORTIA. Idatha yacalulwa ngokohlalutyo
oluchazayo kwaye zenziwa iinzame zokuqinisekisa ukunyaniseka nokuthembeka
kunye nokubambelela kwiingcamango zokuziphatha.
Iziphumo eziphambili zophononongo ziveze ukuba isikhululo seenqwelomoya
sikhuseleke ngokufanelekileyo kwaye ezona zenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho ziyingxaki
ezenzeka e-ORTIA kunikwe ingxelo ngazo bubusela, imithwalo engaphathwanga
kakuhle, ulwaphulo-mthetho koomatshini abakhupha imali (ATM), ukuqhekeza,
ukukhuthuza, abangeneleli ngokungekho mthethweni kunye nokuthutyeleziswa
kweziyobisi. Uninzi lwabathathi-nxaxheba babone ulwaphulo-mthetho e-ORTIA
olubandakanya ikakhulu ubusela, ulwaphulo-mthetho lwe-ATM kunye nokukhuthuza.
Uninzi lwabathathi-nxaxheba lunike ingxelo yolwaphulo-mthetho kwaye baqinisekisa
ukuba kwenziwa okuthile malunga nolwaphulo-mthetho. Ngaphezu koko,uthintelo
lolwaphulo-mthetho nezicwangciso-qhinga zokuthintela ulwaphulo-mthetho
zacetyiswa ngabathathi-nxaxheba.
Uphononongo lwaphumumelela ukufezekisa iinjongo zalo. Ngoko ke, uhlobo
nobungakanani bolwaphulo-mthetho obenziwe e-ORTIA bafumaneka. Kwakhona,
amanyathelo akhoyo okhuseleko kunye nokhuselo e-ORTIA asekwa. Ekugqibeleni,
izindululo zenzelwa i-ORTIA ngokusekwe kwiziphuma zethiyori kunye nezisekelwe
kumava ophando. Akukho sifundo sophando singenamida ngoko ke imida
yophononongo yachazwa kwaye izindululo zophando lwexesha elizayo zacetyiswa.
Ngokuqondwa ngokupheleleyo kwethisisi, kunokufikelelwa kwisigqibo sokuba ukhuselo nokhuseleko lwaphononongwa ukuze kufunyanwe iindlela zokuthintela
ulwaphulo-mthetho e-ORTIA.Sepheo sa phuputso e ne e le ho hlahloba ka hloko katleho ya mehato e sebediswang
ya polokeho le tshireletso, ho thibela bosenyi OR Tambo International Airport (ORTIA)
(Boemafofane ba Matjhaba ba OR Tambo). Bohlokwa ba ORTIA bo fumanwe ho ya
ka melawana ya bohahlaodi le moruo o holang o kgonang ho tshehetswa nako e
telele. Le ha ho le jwalo, phuputso e ne e itshetlehile dikotsing le dikgonahalong tsa
hore ho hlaselwe ORTIA, tse bonahalang diketsong tsa bosenyi tse etsahalang
boemafofaneng.
Phuputso e entswe ka ho bokella lesedi le ka lekangwang ka palo le ho amohelwa e
le patlisiso le ho hlalosa boemo bo fuputswang ka nepo. Ho sebedisitswe leano le
mokgwa wa tlhahlobisiso oo ho oona mofuputsi a bokellang datha bathong ba
fapaneng ka nako e le nngwe. Mokgwa ona o hlalosa boemo bo le jwalo ntle le kameho
ya maikutlo a mofuputsi le ho sa latele moralo kapa tlhophiso efe kapa efe. Ka ho nka
disampole ho sa latelwe moralo kapa tlhophiso efe kapa efe, palokaofela ya
bankakarolo ba 100 e bile le seabo phuputsong le ho etsa diphesente tse 36 tsa batho
ba nkang karolo. Datha e bokelletswe ka mananepotso ao bankakarolo ba ka ikarabelang oona inthaneteng a tswang basebetsing ba tshireletso ba hirilweng
ORTIA. Datha e hlahlobilwe ka ho e hlalosa kapa ho e kgutsufatsa ka tsela e thusang
hore e sebedisehe le ho hlahisa sephetho se lebelletsweng mme ho entswe matsapa
a ho netefatsa hore mokgwa o sebediswang o lekanya/metha seo ho fuputswang ka
sona ka nepo le makgetlo ao o kgonang ho hlahisa diphetho tse tshwanang le tse sa
fetoheng, le ho etsa patlisiso ka tsela e amohelehang e itshetlehileng mekgweng e
behetsweng ya boitshwaro.
Lesedi le ka sehloohong le fumanweng phuputsong le bontshitse hore boemafofane
bo bolokehile le hore boholo ba diketso tsa bosenyi tse bakang mathata tse
etsahalang ORTIA di tlalehilwe e le tsa boshodu, dithoto tsa bapalami tse lahlehileng,
tse sentsweng, tse diehisitsweng le tse utswitsweng, tsa Motjhini wa Tjhelete (ATM),
tsa ho thuba, ho khothotswa, bafalli ba seng molaong le ho rekisa dithethefatsi. Boholo
ba bankakarolo bo bone kapa bo etsahalletswe ke ketso ya bosenyi ORTIA, eo boholo
ba yona e neng e kenyeletsa boshodu, diketso tsa bosenyi ba diATM le ho khothotswa.
Boholo ba bankakarolo bo tlalehile diketso tsa bosenyi le ho tiisa hore ho ile ha etswa
ho hong ho thibela diketso tseo. Ho feta moo, ho thibela bosenyi le mawa a ho thusa
ho bo fedisa a sisintswe ke bankakarolo.
Phuputso e fihletse sepheo sa yona ka ho phethahatsa maikemisetso a yona. Kahoo,
mofuta wa ketso ya bosenyi e ntsweng ORTIA le boholo ba yona bo fumanwe ka
katleho. Hape, mehato e seng e sebetsa ya polokeho le tshireletso ORTIA e kentswe.
Ntlheng ya ho qetela, ORTIA e etseditswe ditshisinyo tse itshetlehileng leseding le
fumanweng mohopolong le diketsahalong tsa nnete tsa phuputso. Ha ho na patlisiso
e dumelletsweng ho se be le dithibelo, kahoo dithibelo tsa phuputso di hlalositswe
mme ho hlahisitswe le ditshisinyo tsa patlisiso ya nako e tlang. Ka kutlwisiso ya
dikamano tsa dikarolo kaofela tsa patlisiso e entsweng thutong ho fumantshwa
setefekeiti sa boemo bo phahameng, ho ka phethelwa ka hore ho hlahlobilwe
polokeho le tshireletso ka hloko ho hlokomedisa ka thibelo ya diketso tsa bosenyi
ORTIA.M.A. (Criminal Justice)Criminology and Security Scienc
Search for an axion-like particle with forward proton scattering in association with photon pairs at ATLAS
No full textAbstract
A search for forward proton scattering in association with light-by-light scattering mediated by an axion-like particle is presented, using the ATLAS Forward Proton spectrometer to detect scattered protons and the central ATLAS detector to detect pairs of outgoing photons. Proton-proton collision data recorded in 2017 at a centre-of-mass energy of
s
= 13 TeV were analysed, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 14.6 fb−1. A total of 441 candidate events were selected. A search was made for a narrow resonance in the diphoton mass distribution, corresponding to an axion-like particle (ALP) with mass in the range 150–1600 GeV. No excess is observed above a smooth background. Upper limits on the production cross section of a narrow resonance are set as a function of the mass, and are interpreted as upper limits on the ALP production coupling constant, assuming 100% decay branching ratio into a photon pair. The inferred upper limit on the coupling constant is in the range 0.04–0.09 TeV−1 at 95% confidence level