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Functional genomic and metabolomics characterisation of bioleaching fungi from mine tailings
No full textBioleaching is a biological and an environmentally friendly alternative to traditional leaching methods for extracting metals from ores or wastes. However, its reliance on microorganism, which are sensitive to bioleaching extreme conditions, result in challenges of slow kinetics and low metal recovery that limit its potential. This study applied functional genomics to gain insights into the bioleaching process. The focus was on fungal communities that can survive in extreme conditions. Tailing samples, which represent an extreme environment, with high metal concentration and low pH, similar to bioleaching conditions, were used to profile, isolate and identify fungal communities. Genera such as Trichoderma, Penicillium, and Talaromyces, were obtained. Further screening of this organisms for metal tolerance, growth rates, carbon utilisation and organic acid production revealed Trichoderma as the most promising bioleaching fungus. Trichoderma exhibited high growth rates in the presence of metals, likely due to its high metal tolerance index of >1 to 300 mg/l Al, 100 mg/l Zn and Ni, with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 1600 mg/l for Al, 1000 mg/l for Zn and 400 mg/l for Ni. When grown in glucose media, the organism produced up to 300 g/l of citric acid. Thus, the fungus's bioleaching capacity to extract metals from two different metal-containing samples, namely tailings and ore samples, was assessed using one-step, two-step, and spent media approaches. The results showed that the fungus's bioleaching efficiency was unaffected by the sample type and led to the recovery of various metals (>62% of Ni in ore samples and >54% Zn in tailings samples). Other metals such as Mg, As, Mn, Cu and Co were leached in both tailing and ore samples. Metabolite analysis during bioleaching revealed that Trichoderma produced oxalic acid (up to 930.13 mg/l) as the main bioleaching agent, while citric acid was produced in low amounts. Transcriptomics analysis revealed that genes related to biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions were differentially expressed. Further enrichment of the differentially expressed genes revealed that genes associated with the structure and function of the cell membrane were consistently upregulated, indicating how Trichoderma tolerates high metal exposure. Notably, the genes related to organic acid production were not differentially expressed, and we further concluded that Trichoderma's metal toxicity defence mechanism does not disrupt the metabolic activities involved in the production of organic acid.D. Phil. (Environmental Sciences)College of Agriculture and Environmental Science
An appraisal of the preliminary investigation at the burglary scene by first responders of Witbank cluster visible policing
No full textAbstract in English, Sepedi and IsiZuluThis study seeks to explore and evaluate the manner in which the members of Visible Policing placed at the CSC of the SAPS as first responders to the crime scene understand the importance of conducting preliminary investigation and also how well they apply this knowledge in practice. The purpose of the study is to evaluate preliminary investigation at the burglary scenes by first responders of Witbank cluster visible policing.
The study employs the qualitative research approach in order to discover and understand the participants’ perspectives and experiences on preliminary investigations. Three critical themes were generated through the study findings, namely: skills level required to conduct preliminary investigation; challenges encountered when arriving at the burglary scene; and necessary resources to conduct preliminary investigation. These findings served as the framework for making appropriate recommendations about preliminary investigation by the members of visible policing stationed at the SAPS CSC as first respondersThuto ye e rata go lekola le go hlahloba mekgwa yeo maloko a maphodisa a go bonagala ka yunifomo ao a beilwego ka CSC ya sephodisa sa ditirelo tsa Afrika Borwa (SAPS) bjalo ka maphodisa a pele lefelong la bohodu ba kwesisago bohlokwa bja dinyakisiso tsa semetseng gape le mokgwa o mokaone wa tiriso ya tsebo yeo mosomong wa bona. Maikemisetso a thuto ye ke go lekodisisa dinyakisiso tsa semetseng go lefelo la bohodu ka maphodisa a pele tikologong ya selete sa Witbank.
Thuto ye e berekisa mekgwa ya tshedimoso ya tlhago go kwesisa ka mo go tseneletsego ga dikgopolo, gomme se sekgona go ribolla le go kwesisa dikakanyo le maitemogelo a ba tsea karolo go dinyakisiso tsa semetseng. Dipoelo tsa thuto ye di tsweleditse dihlogotaba tse tharo tse bohlokwa kudu gomme tsona di latela ka tsela ye: seemo sa bokgoni bjo bo nyakegago go dinyakisiso tsa semetseng; mathata ao maphodisa a pele bahlakanago le wona ditiragalong tsa bohodu bja ka ngwakong; le ditlabakelo tseo di hlokegago go thusa go dira dinyakisiso tsa semetseng. Dipoelo tse di berekisitswe bjalo ka mahlomo a dikeletso tse di nepagetsego mabapi le dinyakisisoUcwaningo lokuhlolisisa kabanzi ukuzwisisa ngokubaluleka kophenyo lokuqala nokusebenzisa ulwazi abanalo endaweni yesehlakalo sobugebengu ngamaphoyisa wase ningizimu Africa (SAPS) abonakala nge uniform, asebenzela endaweniyokusiza umphakathi esiteshi samaphoyisa, futhi angowokuqala esehlakalweni sobugebengu. Injongo yalolucwaningo ukuhlolisisa uphenyo lokuqala olwenziwa ngamaphoyisa asebenzela esigodini samaphoyisa eWitbank ezindaweni zezehlakalo sokugqekeza.
Kusetshenziswe uhlobo lokuhlolisisa nokuzwisisa imibono nolwazi olujulile kulabo abakhethiwe futhi bakebabamba iqhaza ngophenyo lokuqala kuzehlakalo zobugebengu. Imiphumela yalolucwaningo iveze amaphuzu amathathu asemqoka alandelayo: izinga lekhono elidingekayo kuphenyo lokuqala, izinselelo amaphoyisa wophenyo lokuqala ahlangabezana nazo ezehlakalweni zokugqekeza, nezinsiza ezidingekayo kuphenyo lokuqala. Lemiphumela yalolucwaningo ingasetshenziswa njengohlaka nesisekelo seziluleko eziqondile kumsebenzi wophenyo lokuqala owenziwa malunga wamaphoyisa eningizimu Afrika.M.A. (Criminal Justice)Police Practic
Suid-Afrikaanse intieme-maat vrouemoord: kuns as afwesige teenwoordigheid
Get PDFSummaries in English, Zulu and AfrikaansThis study examines how as artists, Gabrielle Goliath and I articulate the absent
presence of women killed through intimate partner violence. Since we are both
influenced by residual traumatic memory, tacit knowledge is central to our
strategies regarding the absent presence of victims. Goliath and I name the victims,
extending notions of grievability and mourning. The study considers to what extent
our artworks conform with Hubert Damisch’s conception of theoretical art objects,
requiring interdisciplinary theory, contemplation and social affect that transcends
the personal. This qualitative, practice-led research has an interdisciplinary
foundation primarily based on cultural theory, art and trauma studies.In hierdie studie ondersoek ek en Gabrielle Goliath hoe ons as kunstenaars uiting
gee aan die afwesige teenwoordigheid van vroue wat gewelddadig om die lewe
gebring is deur hulle intieme lewensmaats. Aangesien residuele traumatiese
herinneringe ons al twee beïnvloed, is stilswyende wete die kern van ons strategieë
om met die afwesige teenwoordigheid van hierdie slagoffers om te gaan. Ek en
Goliath benoem die slagoffers om die denkbeelde betreurbaarheid en rou uit
te beeld. Hierdie studie ondersoek die mate waarin ons kunswerke aansluit by
Hubert Damisch se begrip teoretiese kunsvoorwerpe. Dit verg interdissiplinêre
teorie, oorpeinsing en sosiale affek wat die persoonlike transendeer. Hierdie
kwalitatiewe en praktykgerigte navorsing berus op hoofsaaklik kultuurteorie, kuns
en traumastudie as ʼn interdissiplinêre grondslag.Lolu cwaningo luhlola ukuthi njengoba abaculi, uGabrielle Goliath kanye
nami sikuchaza kanjani ukungabi khona kwabesifazane ababulawa ngodlame
yizithandwa zabo. Njengoba sobabili sithonywa inkumbulo yokuhlukumezeka
eyinsalela, ulwazi oluzuzile ngokuzibonela luwumgogodla wamasu ethu mayelana
nokungabi khona kwezisulu. Mina noGoliath siqamba izisulu, sidlulisela imibono
yokudabuka nokulila. Ucwaningo lubheka ukuthi imisebenzi yethu yobuciko
ihambisana kangakanani nombono ka-Hubert Damisch wezinto zobuciko
bomcabango wombono, ezidinga umbono wemikhakha ehlukene, ukucabanga
kanye nomthelela wezenhlalo owedlula okomuntu siqu. Lolu cwaningo
olungoluchazayo, oluholwa wukuzibonela lunesisekelo semikhakha eyahlukene
ngokuyinhloko esekelwe embonweni wamasiko, ezobuciko kanye nezifundo
zokuhlukumezeka.M.A. (Art History)Art and Musi
Investigating the classroom teaching practices of life sciences teachers in Gauteng
No full textIn the analysis of the South African NSC diagnostic reports, the Department of Education prepared areas of learners’ struggle have proved to repeat themselves from 2017 to 2020. The classroom practices of Life Sciences teachers, focusing on teacher knowledge, were observed in a sample of schools in the province of Gauteng, South Africa. The investigation aimed to investigate these practices of Life Sciences teachers and consequently diagnose teaching difficulties. Data was collected through interviews and observations in a multi-case study approach and analyzed using Mudau’s (2016) Classroom Practice Diagnostic Framework. This study reveals that teachers’ classroom practices contribute to the teaching difficulties they experience when considering teachers’ knowledge of the Life Sciences content, the teaching context, and learner understanding.Science and Technology Educatio
So that metals/alloys may exist and serve humanity for long : my odyssey in corrosion chemistry research
No full textChemistr
Public private partnerships and water and sanitation infrastructure development in Zimbabwe: what determines financing?
No full textAbstract
Background
Zimbabwe envisions being an upper-middle-income economy by the year 2030. The vision 2030 has infrastructure development as a stand-out pillar upon which it is founded. The vision envisages well-developed, modern, efficient and resilient infrastructure as paramount to Zimbabwe’s economic recovery. The policy plan seeks to increase infrastructure investments in energy, transport, information technology, tourism, housing, and water and sanitation. However, a still hesitant private sector exists with regard to investment in water and sanitation infrastructure even in developed countries. Thus, the study seeks to analyse determinants of financing water and sanitation public private partnerships in Zimbabwe given that there is no consensus between reseachers on how determinant factors impact PPP investments.
Methods
The study applied Tobit regression methodology on data collected for the 25 years ending 2021 to investigate determinants of financing water sanitation PPPs in Zimbabwe. Tobit regression method is preferred given the censored nature of the investment values of water and sanitation public private partnerships that reached financial closure in Zimbabwe.
Results
In Zimbabwe, financial market development is a key financing determinant of water and sanitation public private partnerships. Both the capital and bank market development influences infrastructure financing in Zimbabwe`s water and sanitation sector. Moreover, foreign direct investment negatively and significantly relates with water and sanitation public private partnership investments.
Conclusion
Attracting private investment into Zimbabwe`s water and sanitation sector requires that policy design targets capital and bank market development. Reforms can be achieved through putting in place sound frameworks that facilitate effective financial intermediation systems, enhance market liquidity and lower cost of capital
A historical analysis of the experiences and perceptions of the Zion Christian Church in Zimbabwe (ZCC Mbungo) on the use of holy water and healing (1976-2016)
No full textSamuel Mutendi’s Zion Christian Church (ZCC Mbungo) is an African Independent Church formed by a son of Zimbabwe (Daneel, 1986:31). Understanding African belief systems related to healing and the indigenous knowledge associated with it from an African frame was the focus if this study. These belief systems have developed into perceptions that have been influenced by their personal and historical experiences. ZCC Mbungo members mostly believe in healing which is associated with witchcraft and exorcism of evil spirits. The perceptions and experiences of ZCC members are mainly centered on two artifacts: holy water and the sacred staff (mapumhangozi). Holy water known as (machipisa uroyi) is the artifact mainly used in healing. Its name (machipisa uroyi) destroyer of witchcraft is believed by ZCC members to stem from the ability of holy water to heal all sicknesses that are allegedly caused by witchcraft. This holy water is said to be the tool that exorcises the witchcraft spirits, a form of spiritual healing. The perceptions around the efficacy of holy water in ZCC Mbungo rest on the individual’s faith and their ability to follow instructions given by (maporofita) prophets. Prophets are the primary agents involved in diagnosis of the causes of sickness in ZCC Mbungo. The sacred staff (mapumhangozi) is used to bless water together with prayer to form holy water. Experiences that follow the use of sacred staff in healing have to do with its ability to exorcise vengeful spirits (ngozi) coupled with holy water. Historical experiences regarding use of the bishops’ staff (mapumhangozi) have shaped the perceptions of ZCC Mbungo members who view the staff as the most sacred staff among other starves used in the church. Major perceptions surrounding the sacred staff are that it has supernatural power on it, so it cannot be handled by anyone except Bishop Nehemiah Mutendi and with it no evil spirit can stand before him. This was agreed by all those interviewed.M. Th. (Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology)Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiolog
Factors influencing business performance of informal home-based enterprises in South Africa: the case study of 'spaza shops' in Mthatha West Townships in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
Get PDFText in English with summaries in English, isiXhosa and Soutern Sotho. No keywordsThis study investigates factors that influence business performance of home-based enterprises in
South Africa. There is a wide debate in literature about failure of spaza shops run by South
Africans, while those run by foreigners seem to flourish. Through this study. I try to investigate
why the spaza shop business seems difficult for South Africans after they had been living
participants in it for a long time.
The focus of this study is Mthatha West townships, which include Mandela, Joe Slovo and Chris
Hani Park informal settlements. These townships are situated in the West part of Mthatha in King
Sabatha Dalindyebo Local Municipality. King Sabatha Dalindyebo Local Municipality is one of
the five Local Municipalities that form the Oliver Reginald Tambo District Municipality in the
Eastern part of the Eastern Cape Province in South Africa.
I chose Mthatha West townships because they are the newest and biggest surrounding the city, but
have been a residential area for over 20 years. For that reason, I thought these townships had
potential to provide both new and old experiences of running spaza shops because of their age and
size.
Some of the results I establish include the fact that South African-run spaza shops have indeed
declined significantly in these townships and that those that remain are struggling. While those
spaza shops run by foreign nationals, specifically those run by Ethiopian nationals are generally
on the rise and doing well, on the contrary, those run by other minorities including the Malawians,
Kenyans, and Mozambicans, also seem to be struggling. In some cases, these minority groups
seem to struggle more than South Africans. This finding deviates from the popular view that South
Africans are generally out performed by foreigners.
This study also demonstrates some of the challenges faced by both South Africans and by foreign national respectively. These include poor access to finance, poor infrastructure and lack or poor
law enforcement and policy guidance.
This study concludes by making some recommendations as to how spaza shop business can be
improved for the benefit of both South Africans and foreign nationals.Olu phando luphanda imiba echaphazela ukusebenza koshishino lwamashishini asekhaya,
eMzantsi Afrika. Kukho ingxoxompikiswano ebanzi kuncwadi malunga nokusilela
kwezpazashoph eziqhutywa ngabemi boMzantsi Afrika, ngeli xa ezo ziqhutywa ngabemi bamanye
amazwe zibonakala zikhula. Ngolu phando ndizama ukuphanda ukuba kutheni ushishino
lwezpazashoph lubonakala lunzima kubemi boMzantsi Afrika emva kokuba beluqhuba ixesha
elide.
Ingqwalasela yolu phando ikwiilokishi zakwiNtshonalanga yoMthatha (Mthatha West), kuquka
iindawo zamatyotyombe zaseMandela, eJoe Slovo naseChris Hani Park. Ezi lokishi zikwindawo
yakwiNtshonalanga yoMthatha kuMasipala weNgingqi iKing Sabatha Dalindyebo. UMasipala
weNgingqi iKing Sabatha Dalindyebo ngomnye wooMasipala beNgingqi abahlanu abenza
uMasipala weSithili iOliver Reginald Tambo kwiMpuma yePhondo leMpuma Koloni eMzantsi
Afrika.
Kukhethwe iilokishi zakwiNtshonalanga yoMthatha kuba izindawo ezintsha nezona zinkulu
ezijikeleze esi sixeko, nangona sele kuhlalwa kuzo iyiminyaka engaphezu kwama20. Ngenxa yesi
sizathu, bendicinga ukuba ezi lokishi bezinakho ukubonelela ngamava amatsha namadala
okuqhuba izpazashoph ngenxa yobudala kunye nobukhulu bazo.
Phakathi kweziphumo ezifunyenwe kolu phando yinto yokuba izpazashoph eziqhutywa ngabemi
boMzantsi Afrika ngokwenene ziye zawa kakhulu kwezi lokishi kwaye ezo ziseleyo ziyasokola.
Izpazashoph eziqhutywa ngabemi bamanye amazwe, ngokukodwa ezo ziqhutywa ngabemi
baseEthiopia, okwangoku ngokubanzi ziyanda kwaye ziqhuba kakuhle. Ezo ziqhutywa ngamanye
amaqela amancinane, kuquka abemi baseMalawi, abemi baseKenya nabaseMozambique, kubonakala ngathi ziyasokola. Kwezinye iimeko, ezala maqela mancinane zikwimeko embi
kunezabemi boMzantsi Afrika. Ezi ziphumo ziyaphambuka kuluvo oluxhaphakileyo lokuba abemi
boMzantsi Afrika ngokubanzi bayogqithwa ngabemi bamanye amazwe kweli candelo. Olu phando lukwabonisa eminye yemingeni abajongene nayo abemi boMzantsi Afrika kunye
nabemi bamanye amazwe ngokulandelelana. Le mingeni iquka ukufikelela okulambathayo
kwezezimali, iziseko ezingekho mgangathweni, ukungabikho (okanye ukulambatha)
kokunyanzeliswa komthetho kunye nesikhokelo somgaqonkqubo.
Olu phando luqukumbela ngokwenza iingcebiso ezithile malunga nendlela amashishini
ezpazashop anokuphuculwa ngayo ukuze kuzuze abemi boMzantsi Afrika kunye nabemi bamanye
amazwe.Phuputso ena e batlisisa ka mabaka a nang le tshusumetso tshebetsong ya dikgoebo tse
tsamaisetsoang malapeng a Aforika Boroa. Mangoloeng a ditsebi tsa diphuphutso, ho na le
dingangisano tse kenyeletsang batho ba bangata ka ho hloleha ha ho atleha ha mabenkele a
disphaza a tsamaisoang ke Maaforika Boroa. Ho bontshala ha mabenkele a tsamaisoang ke
matsoantle a bonahala a atleha. Ka phuputso ena, ke leka ho batlisisa hore hobaneng kgoebo ya
mabenkele a disphaza e bonahala e imela Maaforika Boroa ka mora ho a tsamaisa nako e telele.
Phuputsong ena ebile ka Makeisheneng a Bophirima ba Mthatha, dibakeng tsa mekhukhu tsa
Mandela, Joe Slovo, le Chris Hani Park. Makeishene ana a karolong e ka Bophirima ba Mthatha
Masepaleng wa Lehae wa King Sabatha Dalindyebo. Masepala wa Lehae wa King Sabatha
Dalindyebo ke o mong wa bomasepala ba bahlano ba lehae ba thehang Masepala wa Setereke sa
Oliver Reginald Tambo karolong e ka Botjhabela ya Porofense ya Kapa Botjhabela, Aforika
Boroa.
Makeishene a Mthatha Bophirima a kgethilwe hobane ke a matjha, hape a maholo ka ho fetisisa a
potapotileng toropo, me ebile dibaka tsa bodulo dilemo tse fetang tse 20. Ka lebaka lena, ke
nahanne hore makeishene ana a kgona ho fana ka diketsahalo tse ncha le tsa khale tsa ho tsamaisa
mabenkele a sphaza ka lebaka la dilemo le boholo ba oona.
Hara diphetho tse fihleletsoeng ke phuputso ena ke ntlha ya hore, mabenkele a sphaza a
tsamaisoang ke Maaforika Boroa a theohile haholo makeisheneng ana le hore a ntseng a le teng a
hula ka thata. Mabenkele a sphaza a tsamaisoang ke matsoantle, haholoholo a tsamaisoang ke
Maithiopia, oona ka kakaretso a a eketseha le ho atleha. A tsamaiswang ke merabe e meng e
menyane, e kenyeletsang matswantle a Malawi, Kenya le Mozambiki, a bonahala a hula ka thata,
diketsahalong tse ding, dihlopha tsena di bonahala di le boemong bo mpefetseng haholo ho feta ba Maaforika Boroa. Lesedi lena le fumanoeng le fapana le mohopolo o tsebahalang haholo wa hore
Maaforika Borwa a hloloa ke matsoantle lekaleng lena.
Phuputso ena e boela e bontsha mathata a mang ao Maaforika Boroa le matsoantle ka bobedi a
tobaneng le oona. Mathata ana a kenyeletsa ho ba le menyetla e fokolang ya ho fumana chelete,
infrastraktjha (dikao ka kakaretso) e fokolang le ho se be le sepolesa (kapa ho fokola ha sepolesa)
se hlokomelang hore ho ikobeloa (hose hlomphe) melao le ho fana ka tataiso.
Phuputso ena e qetella ka ho etsa ditshisinyo tsa kamoo dikgoebo tsa lebenkele la sphaza di ka
ntlafatsoang ka teng molemong wa Maaforika Boroa le matsoantle ka bobedi.M.A. (Development Studies)Development Studie
Exploring goverment's implementation of inclusive education in pilot schools in the South West region of Cameroon
Get PDFSeveral efforts have been made to implement inclusive education in schools in
Cameroon. However, empirical literature on inclusion in Cameroon indicates that the
pace of the implementation of inclusive education in schools has been slow. This study
seeks to explore government’s implementation of inclusive education in pilot schools in
the South West Region of Cameroon. The study is guided by the following five
objectives:
1) To find out how teachers of Government Inclusive Pilot Primary Schools are
academically and professionally equipped to cope with the instructional needs of
children with disabilities in inclusive classrooms.
To find out if the curriculum used in the Government Inclusive Pilot Primary
Schools is adapted to the needs of diverse learners.
3) To find out whether the physical environment of the Government Inclusive Pilot
Primary Schools support diverse learners.
4) To examine how teachers perceive the overall concept of inclusive education.
5) To find out the prospects of inclusive education in Cameroon.
Theoretically, this study is underpinned by the Social Model of Disability and
the Ecological Systems Theory. Review of literature was conducted.
The pragmatic research paradigm was adopted for this study. Mixed method
methodology was used. The specific research design used was the Partial Mixed Sequential Dominant Status Design. The target population of this study consists of all
the teachers of the 58 Government Inclusive Pilot Primary Schools in the Republic of
Cameroon and 150 Regional Pedagogic Inspectors and Advisers, while the accessible
population consists of the eight (08) head teachers and 65 teachers of Government
Inclusive Pilot Primary Schools in the South West Region and 15 Regional PedagogicInspectors and Advisers. The sample size is 69 participants comprising 5 head teachers,
53 teachers, and 11 Regional Pedagogic Inspectors and Advisers. These participants
were selected through convenience sampling based on the availability of the
participants at the time the research instruments were being administered. Qualitative
data were collected using open-ended questionnaire items, interview guide, an
observation checklist and analysis of official documents. Analyses of responses were
grouped into categories from which themes were built. The observation checklist was
used to observe the physical environment. Quantitative data were collected from closeended
questionnaire items, and analysed with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences
(SPSS) Version 20 for Windows.
Findings revealed that the implementation of inclusive education in pilot schools
in the South West Region of Cameroon is hampered by teachers’ lack of adequate
competencies, an ill adapted and non-inclusive school curriculum, a physical
environment which cannot accommodate and support diverse learners, poor and
negative attitudes of teachers, lack of human, financial and material resources as well as
a lack of national policy on inclusive education. Among others, it is suggested that the
same study should be conducted in other regions of Cameroon, with the same or
different research designs and methodology.
Based on the findings, the following major recommendations were made:
1. Initial or pre-service teacher training programmes, syllabuses and curricula
should have courses on special needs/inclusive education.
2. In-service teachers should be given professional development on the practice of
inclusive education through the organization of regular seminars and workshops.
3. Specialists in Special and Inclusive Education should be recruited and posted to
schools to work with regular teachers.
4. The Cameroon primary school curriculum should be made flexible and
inclusive such that it can be implemented with all types of learners.
5. The physical environment of schools should be made conducive for children
with disabilities.
6. Regular teachers’ attitudes towards the concept of inclusion should be improved
by education and training.
7. Without further delay, the existing draft National Policy on Inclusive Education
in Cameroon should be validated to produce a policy document.D. Phil. (Education)College of Educatio
Ukuhlola ukugadwa kobupurelani bekolo Esewula Afrika
No full textThis is a qualitative research which is a practical or pragmatist world-view method, utilised all over the world that affords the researcher flexibility in terms of techniques, methods and procedures for the research. It was undertaken to explore the policing of religious extremism (RE) in South Africa (SA). It focused on Christianity as the most followed religious faith in SA, specifically in the Gauteng Province. This is where the incidences of these bogus pastors and religious leaders were mostly reported. According to Alexander (2019) this is small province but with both large population and economy, hence many activities in it.
This research dealt with or was about bogus pastors and bishops or religious leaders who abuse congregants in Churches for self-interest. The abuse directed mostly at women and those vulnerable, ranges from sexual assaults, rapes, money laundering, to name the few. Our President, Honourable (Hon.) Mr Cyril Matamela Ramaphosa even made a call to all communities to curb these bogus pastors. Whilst the General Secretary of the South African Council of Churches (SACC), Bishop Malusi Mpumlwana, also made a call on the government to play a role in protecting citizens from this harm and added that guidelines should have to be established to regulate Churches in SA, (Fihlani, 2016). The Bishop confirmed the absence of guidelines and the need to educate congregants about the new trend or abuse.
A non-random sampling, a sampling method that utilises the expertise of researchers, was utilised as a tool to select participants involved in order to explore the policing of religious extremism in SA. Information to educate and for the research was gathered from literatures, articles, official documents, relevant to the topic and through interviews with participants. A total of 18 participants were interviewed for the research. It was interviews conducted with participants from the South African Police Service (SAPS) investigators, security experts, pastors and ordinary Church members. Information gathered was recorded, transcribed and analysed using the University of South Africa’s (UNISA) offered programme called Atlas.ti. It is a programme that easily assists with the analysis of data collected for a qualitative research.Lolu wucwaningo olubandakanya ukuqoqa nokuhlaziya imininingwane engeyona izinombolo oluyindlela yokubuka umhlaba esebenzayo noma engokoqobo, esetshenziswa emhlabeni wonke, enikeza umcwaningi ukuguquguquka ngokwamasu, izindlela kanye nezinqubo zocwaningo. Kwenziwa ukuhlola ukugcinwa kwamaphoyisa ngenkolo edlulele (RE) eNingizimu Afrika (SA). Igxile ebuKholweni njengenkolo elandelwa kakhulu eNingizimu Afrika, ikakhulukazi esifundazweni saseGauteng. Yilapho kubikwa khona izigameko zalaba befundisi mbumbulu nabaholi bezenkolo. Ngokuka-Alexander (2019), lesi yisifundazwe esincane esinabantu abaningi kanye nomnotho, yingakho kunemisebenzi eminingi kuso.
Lolu cwaningo luthinte abefundisi nababhishobhi mbumbulu noma abaholi bezenkolo abahlukumeza amabandla emasontweni ngenxa yokuzizuzisa bona. Ukuhlukunyezwa, okubhekiswe kakhulu kubantu besifazane nalabo abasengcupheni, kusuka ekuhlukunyezweni ngokocansi, ukudlwengulwa, ukushushumbiswa kwemali, ukubala okumbalwa. UMongameli wethu, uMhlonishwa. Cyril Matamela Ramaphosa uze wanxusa yonke imiphakathi ukuthi inqande laba befundisi mbumbulu. UNobhala Jikelele woMkhandlu WamaBandla waseNingizimu Afrika (SACC), uMbhishobhi Malusi Mpumlwana, naye unxuse uhulumeni ukuthi abambe iqhaza ekuvikeleni izakhamizi kulobu bubi wengeza ngokuthi kumele kusungulwe imihlahlandlela yokulawula amasonto eNingizimu Afrika (Fihlani, 2016). Umbhishobhi ukuqinisekisile ukungabikho kwemihlahlandlela kanye nesidingo sokufundisa amabandla mayelana nokuthambekela okusha noma ukuhlukumeza.
Ukuthatha amasampula okungahleliwe, indlela yokusampula esebenzisa ubuchwepheshe babacwaningi, yasetshenziswa njengethuluzi lokukhetha ababambiqhaza abathintekayo ukuze bahlole ukugcinwa kwamaphoyisa ngenkolo edlulele eNingizimu Afrika. Ulwazi lwezemfundo nocwaningo luqoqwe ezincwadini, ezihlokweni kanye nemibhalo esemthethweni ehambisana nesihloko, nangezingxoxo nababambe iqhaza. Isamba sababambe iqhaza abangu-18 kwaxoxwa nabo kulolu cwaningo. Inhlolokhono yenziwe nababambe iqhaza babaphenyi boMbutho Wamaphoyisa aseNingizimu Afrika (SAPS), ongoti bezokuphepha, abefundisi namalungu esonto ajwayelekile. Ulwazi oluqoqwe lwaqoshwa, lwabhalwa, futhi lwahlaziywa kusetshenziswa uhlelo olunikezwa yiMfundo Ephakeme yaseNingizimu Afrika (UNISA) olubizwa nge-Atlas.ti. Iwuhlelo olusiza kalula ekuhlaziyeni imininingwane eqoqwe ocwaningweni oluqoqa futhi luhlaziye imininingwane engeyona izinombolo.Leli lirhubhululo elidzimelele kukhwalithi (qualitative research), okumumethodo lowo oqala iphasi ngokwamagadango aphathekako nanyana izinto eziphathekako, kumumethodo osetjenziswa liphasi loke, onikela umrhubhululi ukuzilawula malungana namathekiniki, imimethodo kanye neenkambiso zerhubhululo. Irhubhululo lenziwa ngesizathu sokuhlola ukugadwa kobupurelani bekolo eSewula Afrika (SA). Irhubhululo beliqale khulu ubuKrestu njengekolo elandelwa khulu eSewula Afrika, ikakhulukazi esiFundeni seGauteng. Lapha kulapho izehlakalo zalaba bafundisi abaziingebengu kanye nabarholi bezekolo abaziingebengu bezibikwa khulu. Ngokuka-Alexander (2019), lesi kusifunda esincani esinakho kokubili inani eliphezulu labantu kanye nomnotho omkhulu, kanti-ke zinengi izinto ezenzekako lapho.
Leli rhubhululo beliqalene nabafundisi kanye namabhitjhobhi nanyana abarholi bezekolo abahlukumeza ibandla emasondweni ngehloso yokwanelisa iinkareko zabo. Ukuhlukumeza kunqotjhiswe bunqopha ikakhulukazi kubomma kanye nalabo ababuthakathaka, ukuthoma ngokuhlukunyezwa ngokomseme, ukukatwa, ukugalaja imali, kanye nokhunye okunengi. UMongameli wethu, umHlonitjhwa uCyril Matamela Ramaphosa wabe wenza isibawo emiphakathini yoke ukobana ilwe nalaba bafundisi abaziingebengu. uNobhalamazombe woMkhandlu wezamaSondo eSewula Afrika (SACC), uBitjhobhi Malusi Mpumlwana, naye wabawa urhulumende bona adlale indima ekuvikeleni izakhamuzi kule ngozi begodu wangezelela ngokuthi imihlahlandlela kufanele isungulwe ukwenzela ukulawula amasondo weSewula Afrika (Fihlani, 2016).
UBitjhobhi uqinisekisile ukutlhogeka kwemihlahlandlela kanye nokutlhogeka kwesidingo sokufundisa ibandla ngezika ezitja kanye nokuhlukunyezwa.
Ukusampula kwe-non-random sampling, okumumethodo wesampuli esebenzisa ubukghoni babarhubhululi, isebenzise ithulusi lokukhetha abadlalindima ababandakanyeka ekuhloleni ukugada ubupurelani bezekolo eSewula Afrika.Ilwazi lefundo kanye nerhubhululo libuthelelwe kumtlolo wobukghwari, kuma-athikili kanye nakumitlolo ehlelekileko ekhambisana nesihloko, kanye nangokusebenzisa amahlolombono enziwa nababandakanywa ababaphenduli bemibuzo. Inani lababandakanywa abali-18 babuzwa ngehlolombono yerhubhululo. Amahlolombono enziwa nababandakanywa ababaphenyi/ababofokisi bePhiko lezesiPholisa leSewula Afrika Afrika (SAPS), abosolwazi bezokuvikela, abafundisi, kanye namalunga ajayelekileko wesondo. Ilwazi elabuthelelwako larikhodwa, latjhugululelwa ekutlolweni, begodu latsengwa ngokusebenzisa iphrogremu eyethulwa yiYunivesithi yeSewula Afrika (UNISA) ebizwa nge-Atlas.ti. Kuyiphrogremu leyo esiza lula ukutsengwa kwedatha ebuthelelwe ngehloso yerhubhululo elidzimelele kukhwalithi.Ph. D. (Criminal Justice)Criminology and Security Scienc