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Experiences of teachers on the inclusion of children who are totally blind in mainstream primary schools
No full textText in EnglishThe study aimed to understand the experiences of teachers on the inclusion of children who are totally blind in mainstream primary schools. The study was a qualitative case study design. Participants were purposefully selected from one mainstream primary school in one of the four regions of Swaziland. Some of the participants selected received training on Special Needs Education and the others were chosen to provide an educationist view point and had more than five years teaching experience in a school with children who are totally blind. The study was guided by the following objectives: a) to describe teachers’ understanding of including children who are totally blind in mainstream primary schools; b) to identify strategies that teachers use to enhance the inclusion of children who are totally blind in mainstream primary schools; c) to understand challenges experienced by teachers when including children with blindness in mainstream primary schools.
Data collection was done using semi-structured interviews and non-participant observation methods. Findings revealed that teachers are not adequately supported and trained on the inclusion of children with visual impairments, in particular those who are totally blind. The teaching materials are insufficient and not adapted to cater for the needs of children with blindness. The learning environment is inconvenient for the inclusion of children with visual impairments including those who are totally blind. The study concludes by recommending improved supply of teaching and learning materials, Brailled textbooks, as well as other specialized equipment from the government and other relevant stakeholders. Teacher training on child diversity should also be enhanced.M. Ed. (Inclusive Education)College of Educatio
Challenges in the use of idioms and proverbs in creative writing by some Sepedi learners in selected Tshwane District Schools
No full textText in English with abstract in Northern SothoThis study investigates the challenges faced by Grade 10 Sepedi home language
learners in incorporating idioms and proverbs into essays, a necessary skill for
producing coherent, creative texts. The research highlights that while idioms and
proverbs enrich writing by enhancing fluency and emphasising messages, many
learners struggle to use them effectively or contextually. Using a qualitative approach
grounded in Piaget’s constructivist theory, the study employs document analysis,
classroom observations, and learner questionnaires as data collection methods.
Essays from 40 learners across various Tshwane district schools were analysed to
understand these challenges. The findings reveal that learners’ negative attitudes
towards indigenous languages and limited knowledge of idioms and proverbs
restricted their writing proficiency. This research highlights the need for strategies to
teach idioms and proverbs, emphasising their role in fostering a positive attitude
towards Sepedi and improving essay writing skills. Recommendations were critically
discussed to address these challenges effectivelyGe baithuti ba na le tsebo ye e nabilego le ye e bjetšwego ka mo go tseneletšego ya
dikapolelo le diema tša Sepedi, go na le kgonagalo ya gore ba ngwale ditaodišo ka
bonolo kudu le ka thelelo. Godimo ga moo, tšhomišo ye e šomago gabotse ya
dikapolelo le diema ditaodišosengwalong e kgona go gatelela molaetša wo mongwadi
(morutwana) a nyakago go o fetiša le go iša molaetša ka mokgwa wa go hlompha. Se
se laeša gore barutwana ba Mphato wa 10 ba letetšwe go ngwala ditaodišosengwalo
tše di kgodišago ka go tsenywa dikapolelo le diema ka tshwanelo. Le ge e le gore,
nyakišišo ye e utollotše gore barutwana ba palelwa ke go tsenya dikapolelo le diema
ditaodišosengwalo. Ka lehlakoreng le lengwe, ba bangwe ba bile ba palelwa ke go di
diriša go ya ka diteng. Thuto ye e nyakišišitše ditlhohlo tšeo di lebanego le barutwana
ba Mphato wa 10 ge go tsenywa dikapolelo le diema go tšweletša sengwalwa se se
ngwadilwego gabotse dikolong tše dingwe tša Dilete tša Tshwane. Ka lebaka leo, go
šišintšwe maano ao a ka šomišwago go ruta tšhomišo ya dikapolelo le diema bakeng
sa dingwalwa tša mongwalo wa boitlhamelo tšeo di elelago ka tsela ye e kwagalago.
Nyakišišo ye e lekotše ka fao dikapolelo le diema tša Sepedi di ka šomišwago bjalo ka
sedirišwa sa go šitiša maitshwaro a mabe ka lehlakoreng la barutwana ba polelo ya
gae ya Sepedi bjalo ka tšhitišo ye kgolo ya go hlohleletša maleme a setlogo. Nyakišišo
ye gape e tšweleditše tshekatsheko ye e nabilego kudu ya dingwalo go gatelela ka fao
bangwadi ba bangwe ba hlathollago bohlokwa bja go tsenya dikapolelo le diema mo
mongwalong wa boitlhamelo. Thuto ye e šomišitše mokgwa wa nyakišišo ya boleng
gomme e dikologa godimo ga teori ya constructivism ya Piaget. Tshekatsheko ya
ditokomane, go lebelela ka phapošing, le dipotšišo go tšwa go barutwana di
amogetšwe bjalo ka mekgwa ya go kgoboketša datha mo nyakišišong ye. Go
tlaleletša, ditaodišosengwalo tša barutwana ba masomenne go tšwa mehuta ye e
fapanego ya dikolo di ile tša balwa le go sekasekwa ka kelohloko. Datha yeo e
kgobokeditšwego e ile ya kwešišwa le go sekaseka ka boleng, dikhwetšo di ile tša
tšweletšwa le go ahlaahlwa ka tsinkelo, gomme ditšhišinyo tše di bonagalago tša fiwaM.A. (African Languages)African Language
The potential of risk and uncertainty to combat money laundering
No full textAbstracts in English, Afrikaans and Northern SothoMoney laundering (ML) facilitates and perpetuates a wide range of criminal activities.
Despite substantial global efforts and resources dedicated to anti-money laundering
(AML), it is generally regarded as wholly ineffective in increasing the risk of launderers
sufficiently so as to act as a deterrent. This ineffectiveness is partially attributed to ML’s
constant adaptation in response to a dynamic environment. Additionally, it appears that
uncertainty is not intentionally employed by AML as a deterrent to ML in practice.
How and why ML behaviours are adapted to changes in ML risk and uncertainty was,
therefore, the primary research question and focus of this study. In response, the study
adopted an exploratory sequential mixed methods research design. As part of this
approach, a simulation game was developed as a purpose-built research instrument,
drawing from the theoretical domains of complex adaptive systems, decision science and
criminology. The simulation game provided a suitable lived experience to the strategic
gamers serving as proxy participants in lieu of actual money launderers. The simulation
game also formed the online quasi-experimental basis for the in-depth interviews and
quantitative data collection.
The research findings indicate that ML behaviour is adapted in ways that are both
ecologically and internally rational. The ML risks and uncertainties have an impact on
launderer anxiety through the cognitive dissonance they experience when they lack
confidence in their ML strategies and plans to achieve their emotionally-charged, vivid
goals (referred to as reference narratives). This lack of confidence serves as a tippingpoint,
driving their behavioural adaptations. In the fight against ML, it becomes essential
to influence either the level of confidence felt in their existing ML strategies and plans or,
alternatively, their reference narratives.
Consequently, launderers may be encouraged to stop laundering by significantly
increasing the impact and/or likelihood of ML risk. Achieving this would require
addressing the AML deficiencies as a matter of priority. Another option involves
increasing launderer uncertainty through variable reporting thresholds and/or selective
transparency. ML could be further discouraged by dismantling their enabling laundering
systems and by providing viable legal alternatives to crime. However, it is likely that
money launderers will stop their laundering (and committing their predicate crimes) only
when their reference narratives change.Geldwassery ondersteun en bevorder ’n wye reeks misdadige aktiwiteite. Ten spyte van
beduidende wêreldwye pogings en hulpbronne vir teen-geldwassery, word dit oor die
algemeen as heeltemal ondoelmatig beskou om die risiko van geldwassers genoegsaam
te verhoog om as ’n afskrikmiddel te dien. Hierdie ondoelmatigheid word gedeeltelik
toegeskryf aan die konstante aanpassing van geldwassery in reaksie op ’n dinamiese
omgewing. Verder blyk dit dat onsekerheid nie doelbewus aangewend word deur
teen-geldwassery as ’n afskrikmiddel vir geldwassery in die praktyk nie.
Die primêre navorsingsvraag en fokus van hierdie studie was dus hoe en waarom
geldwassery-gedrag aangepas word weens veranderings in geldwassery-risiko
en -onsekerheid. Die studie het dus ’n sekwensiële gemengdemetodenavorsingsontwerp
gevolg. As deel van hierdie benadering is ’n simulasierekenaarspeletjie
ontwikkel as ’n doelgemaakte navorsingsinstrument, deur gebruik te
maak van die teoretiese domeins van komplekse aanpasbare stelsels, besluitkunde en
kriminologie. Die simulasie-rekenaarspeletjie het ’n geskikte regte-wêreld ervaring gebied
aan die strategiese spelers wat dien as instaandeelnemers in die plek van werklike
geldwassers. Die simulasie-rekenaarspeletjie het ook die aanlyn kwasi-eksperimentele
basis gevorm vir die diepdelwende onderhoude en kwantitatiewe data-insameling.
Die navorsingbevindings dui aan dat die geldwassery-gedrag aangepas word op maniere
wat sowel ekologies as intern rasioneel is. Die geldwassery-risiko’s en -onsekerhede het
’n invloed op geldwasser-angs deur die kognitiewe dissonansie wat hulle ervaar wanneer
hulle nie vertroue het in hulle geldwassery-strategieë en -planne om hulle emosioneel
gelaaide, helder doelwitte (bekend as verwysingsnaratiewe) te bereik nie. Hierdie gebrek
aan vertroue dien as ’n keerpunt wat hulle gedragaanpassings dryf. In die stryd teen
geldwassery word dit noodsaaklik om óf die vlak van vertroue in hulle bestaande
geldwassery-strategieë of -planne, óf hulle verwysingsnarratiewe te beïnvloed.
Gevolglik kan geldwassers aangemoedig word om hulle geldwassery te staak deur die
invloed en/of waarskynlikheid van geldwassery-risiko beduidend te verhoog. Om dít reg
te kry moet die teen-geldwassery-tekortkomings dringende voorkeur geniet. ’n Ander
opsie is om onsekerheid onder geldwassers te verhoog deur middel van veranderlike
verslagdrempels en/of selektiewe deursigtigheid. Geldwassery kan verder ook ontmoedig
word deur hulle bemagtigende wasserystelsels te ontbind en deur lewensvatbare, wettige
alternatiewe vir misdaad te bied. Geldwassers sal egter waarskynlik eers hulle geldwassery (en gepaardgaande misdade) staak wanneer hulle verwysingsnarratiewe
verander.Go hlatswa tšhelete (ML) go a thuša le go hlohleletša mehutahuta ye e fapanego ya ditiro tša bosenyi. Ka ntle le matsapa a mantši a lefase ka bophara le methopo ye e hlometšwego go lwantšha ditiro tša go hlatswa tšhelete (AML), ka kakaretšo a bonwa bjalo ka ao a sa šomego gabotse ka botlalo go oketša go ba kotsing ya bao ba dirago ditiro tša go hlatswa tšhelete ka fao go lekanego go ka šoma bjalo ka seo se ba šitišago. Go se šome gabotse ga matsapa a go bonwa go bakwa ke go fela go fetogafetoga ga ditiro tša go hlatswa tšhelete e le ge badiri ba tšona ba
arabela seemo seo se fetogago. Godimo ga fao, Go bonala e ke go hloka bonnete ga go dirišwe ka maikemišetšo ke AML bjalo ka seo se šitišago go hlatswa tšhelete (ML) fao go dirwago. Gore maitshwaro a ML a tlwaela diphetogo bjang le gona ka lebaka la eng ka go kotsi ya ML le gore go hloka bonnete e bile bofe, ka fao, potšišo ya dinyakišišo tša motheo le nepišo ya dinyakišišo tše. Ka go fetola, dinyakišišo di dirišitše tlhamo ya dinyakišišo ya mekgwa ye e hlakanego ya tatelano ya kutollo. Bjalo ka karolo ya mokgwa wo, go hlomilqwe papadi ya kekišo
bjalo ka setlabelo sa dinyakišišo seo se agilwego go maikemišetšo, go realo e le go diriša makala a teori a ditshepedišo tša tlwaetšo tše di hlakahlakanego, dithutamahlale ka ga sephetho le thutabosenyi. Papadi ya kekišo e fane ka maitemogelo a maleba ao a bonwego go badiradipapadi ba togamaano bao ba šomago bjalo ka bakgathatema ba baemedi bjalo ka bao ba emelago bao
ba hlatswago tšhelete ka mmakgonthe. Papadi ya kekišo e hlamile gape motheo wa inthaneteng wa boitemogelo ka seripa go kgoboketšo ya tshedimošo ka dipoledišano tše di tseneletšego le ya tshedimošo ya boleng. Dikutollo tša dinyakišišo di laetša gore maitshwaro a ML a fetošwa ka ditsela tšeo bobedi e lego
tša ekholotši le tša go kwagala ka gare. Dikotsi le go hloka bonnete ka ga ML go na le seabe ka ga letšhogo la batho bao ba hlatswago tšhelete ka lebaka la go se lokologe ga menagano ya bona mo ba itemogelago gona ge ba hloka boitshepo ka go mekgwa le maano a bona a go fihlelela dinepo tša bona tše di sepelelanago le maikutlo le tše di lego nyanyeng (tše di bitšwago dikanegelo tša tšhupetšo). Tlhokego ye ya boitshepo e šoma bjalo ka ntlha ye bohlokwa, ye e hlohleletšago go fetoga ga maitshwaro a bona. Ka ntweng kgahlanong le ML, go ba bohlokwa go
huetša maemo a boitshepo ao ba a kwelego ka go mekgwa le maano a bona a bjale a ML goba, ka go le lengwe, dikanegelo tša bona tša tšhupetšo. Ka lebaka la se, batho bao ba hlatswago tšhelete ka ditiro tša bosenyi ba ka hlohleletšwa go
emiša go dira ditiro tša go hlatswa tšhelete ka go oketša kudu seabe le/goba kgonagalo ya kotsi ya ML. Go fihlelela se go tla nyaka gore go rarollwe mathata a tlhaelelo ya AML bjalo ka selo seo se beilwego pele. Kgetho ye nngwe e mabapi le go oketša go hloka bonnete go batho bao ba hlatswago tšhelete ka ditiro tša bosenyi ka go hloma mananeo a go fa pego ka mellwane ao a fapafapanego le/goba go hloka sephiri ka go kgetha. ML go ka tšwela pele go thibelwa ka go
senya mananeo a bona ao a ba kgontšhago go dira ditiro tše le ka go fana ka magato a semolao ao a fapafapnego a go lwantšha bosenyi. Le ge go le bjalo, go na le kgonagalo ya gore batho bao ba hlatswago tšhelete ba ka emiša ditiro tša bona tša go hlatswa tšhelete (le go dira bosenyi bja bona) ge fela dikanegelo tša tšhupetšo di ka fetoga.Ph. D. (Accounting Sciences)Auditin
Studies of new Higgs boson interactions through nonresonant HH production in the b b ¯ γγ final state in pp collisions at s = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector
No full textAbstract
A search for nonresonant Higgs boson pair production in the
b
b
¯
γγ
final state is performed using 140 fb−1 of proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV recorded by the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. This analysis supersedes and expands upon the previous nonresonant ATLAS results in this final state based on the same data sample. The analysis strategy is optimised to probe anomalous values not only of the Higgs (H) boson self-coupling modifier κλ but also of the quartic HHVV (V = W, Z) coupling modifier κ2V. No significant excess above the expected background from Standard Model processes is observed. An observed upper limit μHH < 4.0 is set at 95% confidence level on the Higgs boson pair production cross-section normalised to its Standard Model prediction. The 95% confidence intervals for the coupling modifiers are −1.4 < κλ < 6.9 and −0.5 < κ2V < 2.7, assuming all other Higgs boson couplings except the one under study are fixed to the Standard Model predictions. The results are interpreted in the Standard Model effective field theory and Higgs effective field theory frameworks in terms of constraints on the couplings of anomalous Higgs boson (self-)interactions
The role and liability of internet service providers in South Africa : a critical and comparative appraisal
Get PDFAbstracts in English, Sotho and ZuluThis research uses a comparative approach to explore the role and liability of internet service providers in South Africa. The research aims to analyse and compare the role and liability of internet service providers for crimes and civil infractions committed by content providers and/or internet users. Against this aim, the researcher argues that internet service providers, as intermediaries, are ideally placed to monitor and control illicit content provision and/or internet use by the end user. The research focuses on South Africa, China, Ireland, and Nigeria. The research interrogated legislative control and queried the fitness for purpose of these mechanisms for internet service providers and the lacunae created by a rapidly expanding digital world comparatively. The research points out recurrent controversial and problematic concerns that affect both the internet service provider and the consumer. The researcher further explores challenges in applying legal imperatives to internet service providers that affect their end users.
The comparative analysis assists in indicating how internet service providers operate in practice and their control (or lack thereof) by various legal frameworks. The researcher makes recommendations and offers solutions to assist with the future role and development of internet service providers and their impact on the end-user and criminal justice system.Patlisiso ena e sebelisa mokhoa o hlokolosi le oa papiso ho hlahloba karolo le boikarabello ba bafani ba litšebeletso tsa inthanete Afrika Boroa. Boithuto bona bo ikemiselitse ho sekaseka le ho bapisa karolo le boikarabello ba bafani ba litšebeletso tsa inthanete bakeng sa litlolo tsa molao (kapa litlolo tse ling tsa sechaba) tse entsoeng ke bafani ba litaba le/kapa basebelisi ba inthanete. Khahlanong le sepheo sena, mofuputsi o pheha khang ea hore bafani ba litšebeletso tsa marang-rang, e le bakena-lipakeng, ba behiloe ka nepo ho beha leihlo le ho laola phano ea litaba tse seng molaong le/kapa tšebeliso ea inthanete ke mosebelisi oa ho qetela. Patlisiso e shebane le Afrika Boroa, China, Ireland le Nigeria. Patlisiso e botsitse taolo ea molao mme e botsitse ho tšoaneleha molemong oa mekhoa ena bakeng sa bafani ba lits'ebeletso tsa marang-rang le lacunae e entsoeng ke lefatše la dijithale le ntseng le hola ka potlako. Patlisiso e supa likhang tse etsahalang khafetsa le mathata a amang mofani oa litšebeletso tsa inthanete le moreki. Mofuputsi o tsoela pele ho hlahloba liphephetso mabapi le ho sebelisa litlhokahalo tsa molao ho bafani ba litšebeletso tsa inthanete tse amang basebelisi ba bona ba ho qetela.
Tlhahlobo ea papiso ea libaka tse fapaneng e thusa ho bonts'a hore na bafani ba litšebeletso tsa marang-rang ba sebetsa joang le taolo ea bona (kapa khaello ea eona) ka mekhoa e fapaneng ea molao. Mofuputsi o etsa likhothaletso le ho fana ka litharollo ho thusa ka karolo le nts'etsopele ea nako e tlang ea bafani ba litšebeletso tsa inthanete le phello ea bona tsamaisong ea toka ea mosebelisi le ea botlokotsebe.Lolu cwaningo lusebenzisa indlela ebucayi neqhathaniswayo ukuhlola indima nesibopho sabahlinzeki bezinsizakalo ze-inthanethi eNingizimu Afrika. Ucwaningo luhlose ukuhlaziya ngokujulile futhi kuqhathanise indima nesibopho sezomthetho sabahlinzeki besevisi ye-inthanethi ngobugebengu (noma ezinye iziphambeko zomphakathi) ezenziwa abahlinzeki bokuqukethwe kanye/noma abasebenzisi be-inthanethi. Ngokumelene nale nhloso, umcwaningi uphikisa ngokuthi abahlinzeki besevisi ye-inthanethi, njengabalamuli, babekwe ngokufanelekile ukuqapha nokulawula ukunikezwa kokuqukethwe okungekho emthethweni kanye/noma ukusetshenziswa kwe-inthanethi ngumsebenzisi wokugcina. Ucwaningo lugxile eNingizimu Afrika, eChina, e-Ireland naseNigeria. Ucwaningo lwaphenya ukulawulwa komthetho futhi lwabuza ukufaneleka kwenhloso yalezi zindlela zabahlinzeki besevisi ye-inthanethi kanye ne-lacunae edalwe umhlaba wedijithali okhula ngokushesha. Ucwaningo luveza ukukhathazeka okuphindelelayo okuyimpikiswano kanye nezinkinga ezithinta kokubili umhlinzeki wesevisi ye-inthanethi kanye nomthengi. Umcwaningi uphinde ahlole izinselele ekusebenziseni izimfuneko ezingokomthetho kubahlinzeki besevisi ye-inthanethi abathinta abasebenzisi babo bokugcina.
Ukuhlaziywa okuqhathanisayo kwezindawo ezahlukene kusiza ekuboniseni ukuthi abahlinzeki besevisi ye-inthanethi basebenza kanjani kanye nokulawula kwabo (noma ukuntuleka kwakho) ngezinhlaka zezomthetho ezihlukahlukene. Umcwaningi wenza izincomo futhi unikeza izixazululo zokusiza ngendima yesikhathi esizayo nokuthuthukiswa kwabahlinzeki besevisi ye-inthanethi kanye nomthelela wabo ohlelweni lwezobulungiswa bobugebengu obungabasebenzisi bokugcina.LL.D.Mercantile La
The COVID-19 restrictions, child services and the well-being of children in South Africa
No full textAbstract Covid-19 posed little danger to children. Nevertheless, the South African government imposed lockdown measures that impeded children’s education, play and food. Schools were closed, feeding schemes were halted and organised sports were banned. In this study of South African children’s experience during the 2020–22 pandemic, we use the capabilities approach, particularly Nussbaum’s ten capabilities, to assess how the lockdown measures affected their development. The one-dimensional nature of the government response was evident in its focus on physical health and safeguarding adults and the health system, at the expense of children’s well-being. Children were masked and their voices were not heard. Despite being far less at risk of illness or death than adults, children and young people were disproportionately affected by government regulations. Children from low-income environments were particularly severely affected
Managing Trade-Offs Between Environmental, Social, Governance and Financial Sustainability in State-Owned Enterprises: Insights from an Emerging Market
Get PDFConcerns remain about how companies will reconcile environmental, social and governance (ESG) issues with their core mandates. This is one reason why many organisations did not initially subscribe to sustainable investing, reporting and accounting, especially where it is not mandatory, despite growing stakeholder pressure to do so. This paper examines how state-owned enterprises (SOEs) with social and commercial mandates in South Africa, where sustainability reporting is mandatory, balance ESG practices and financial sustainability to fulfil their mandates. This article proposes and evaluates propositions about SOEs adopting and reporting ESG components using a survey questionnaire and semi-structured interviews with important SOE stakeholders
to show that its sustainability accounting approach benefits policy and non-policy observers.More than half of the studied SOEs have embraced and disclosed their ESG practices, yet there appears to be no systematic way in which they balance ESG practices and financial sustainability, resulting in conflict. This paper appears to be the first SOE study on this topic. In this regard, this study offers novel insights into how sustainability practices may be incorporated into the social and commercial objectives of SOEs, which in most cases are conflicting, while still allowing SOEs to be financially sustainable and depend less on state bailouts, which is often the case, especially in Africa and in countries that face a high level of corruption. Considering the characteristics and mandates of SOEs, part of being socially responsible is utilising public resources in the form of taxpayers’ money in an efficient, effective and accountable manner. The discussion in this paper indicates that paying attention to ESG issues is part of a broader accountability mechanism expected from SOEs. Also, the choice of South Africa and of SOEs in South Africa has implications for theory and practice since SOEs in South Africa have social and commercial objectives such that they are expected to be agents of social responsibility.AuditingN/
Accessing collective memory: the role of oral history in building an inclusive archives reflecting a people’s archives
Get PDFPurpose – The purpose of this article is to discuss accessing oral history in building an inclusive archives from communities that once dwelled in the
Kruger National Park. In March 2022, in the Daily Maverick, the South African Minister of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment, Barbara Creecy
stated that there is a need for a shift to an Africanised conservation approach that embraces the diverse cultures, traditions and knowledge systems
in South Africa. It is, thus, important for wilderness areas in South Africa to undertake projects to collect and share indigenous knowledge that can
be captured and used to conserve wilderness areas.
Design/methodology/approach – The research methodology that was applied for the purpose of this study is a multimethod approach but is
dominated by a qualitative approach.
Findings – During three interviews, three focus groups of five persons and three onsite visits, several concerns were identified as requiring more
investigations and efforts to ensure archives can be publicly accessible.
Originality/value – History on Africa has largely been written by the global north and kept behind expensive paywalls (Fengu, 2022). The oral
history projects being undertaken in South Africa are to be commended in for filling gaps in the historical discourse neglected by the colonial and
apartheid dispensations.Information Scienc
The clean break principle on sharing pension interest upon divorce in South Africa is not as clean as a whistle
Get PDFThis study explores the historical treatment of pension benefits preceding the introduction of the clean break principle. It delves into the developments leading to the codification of this clean break principle concerning pension interest in divorce proceedings and examines court interpretations. The research evaluates the effectiveness of the legislation in granting divorce orders to non-member spouses for enforcement against pension funds. While the legislative intent is to provide a clean slate for non-member spouses after divorce, the Divorce Act amendment did not initially allow immediate pension interest claims. Subsequent changes to the Pension Funds Act addressed the claim for immediate payment. However, inconsistencies in interpreting the legislation persisted until the Supreme Court of Appeal clarified the issue of entitlement of the non-member spouse. Despite these advancements, unresolved legal questions create hardships for non-member spouses which highlights the need for legislative reform based on the conclusions and recommendations of this study.LL.M. (Family Law)Private La
The nexus between non-governmental organisations involved in conservation and profit-seeking state-owned enterprises: A potential alternative credibility enhancing mechanism for biodiversity disclosures?
Get PDFResponding to calls to incorporate biodiversity matters into accounting research, we
attempt to provide a balance by moving away from the conventional focus on the
reporting of biodiversity impacts and activities by public and private sector organisations,
by focusing on how non-governmental organisations active in the conservation
space (CNGOs), interact with the public sector. In particular, we confine our study to
explaining how South African state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and CNGOs active in
South Africa, report on their collaboration engagements. To explain the engagements
between SOEs and CNGOs, we use their publicly available reports (annual/integrated)
to explore the extent which these entities interact and collaborate. However,
although several CNGOs operate in South Africa, we documented little evidence of
formalised engagements between these SOEs and CNGOs, with Eskom being the
notable exception. Notwithstanding the observed scant formalised reporting on
engagements, we suggest that the reporting of CNGOs engagements could be harnessed
to indirectly serve as alternative credibility enhancing mechanisms. In this
way, it could contribute by attesting to the veracity of organisational biodiversity disclosures,
and may provide a basis to hold these organisations to account for their
contribution to environmental conservation, or degradation. In this context, we conclude
by calling for a research agenda to investigate the relationship between CNGOs
and their funding organisations, irrespective of whether they operate in the public or
private sectors, as well as the potential of CNGOs to serve as advocacy and activism
agents, thereby improving organisational biodiversity accountability.AuditingN/