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Strategies for empowering women to access and uterlize maternal healthcare services in Ethiopia
No full textThe effective use of maternal healthcare services is crucial for maternal and neonatal well-being. Women’s empowerment plays a critical role in healthcare decision-making, influencing the utilisation of these services. This, in turn, impacts maternal and child mor-bidity and mortality. Therefore, empowering women to gain access and utilise maternal healthcare services is an essential intervention strategy to address maternal morbidity and mortality.
The purpose of this study was to develop strategies for empowering women to access and utilise maternal healthcare services in Ethiopia. An explanatory sequential mixed-method approach was used to undertake the study over four phases. In the first phase, quantitative data were gathered from women of reproductive age using a structured in-terviewer-administered questionnaire. In the second phase, qualitative data were gath-ered from women of reproductive age and healthcare providers (HCPs) using semi-struc-tured interview guides. A draft action plan to address the identified strategies (Phases 1 and 2 data as well as a literature review) was developed in Phase 3, while reproductive health officers participated in the e-Delphi technique in Phase 4 to validate the draft action plan until consensus on the action plan was reached.
The findings revealed that a lack of knowledge, a lack of support from husbands, a lack of infrastructure, the distance to the nearest health facility, a lack of transport services, financial constraints, the shortage of HCP staff in health facilities, a lack of competent HCPs and medical resources as well as equipment in the health facilities were the barriers to women’s empowerment and maternal healthcare services access and utilisation.
Improving health education to women and the community, developing the leadership skills of women, improving the income of women, enhancing the capacity-building for HCPs, addressing the remuneration of HCPs, improving the infrastructure of health facilities and roads, improving the provision of maternal healthcare services as well as improving the availability of resources such as medical resources and equipment were the strategies suggested by participants to improve women’s empowerment, and by doing so, improve the access and utilisation of maternal healthcare services.
An action plan to facilitate the implementation of the strategies (the action statements in the action plan) was developed based on the inputs from respondents during Phase 1 (women of reproductive age who were involved in the structured interviewer-administered questionnaire) and Phase 2 (women in the reproductive age and HCPs who were involved in the semi-structured interview guides) as well as a thorough literature review. The action plan was validated and approved by panellists (reproductive health officers) after a three-round Delphi technique in Phase 4. The action plan will be shared with the Ethiopian Federal Ministry of Health and other stakeholders to motivate implementation in Ethiopia to enhance the empowerment of women and ensure an improvement in the access and utilisation of maternal healthcare services in Ethiopia’s public health facilities.Ph.D (Public Health)Health Studie
Remote teaching and learning during the covid-19 pandemic: experiences of lecturers and students in private higher education colleges in Johannesburg, South
Get PDFThe Covid-19 pandemic caused disruptions in higher education in South Africa, with institutions transitioning to remote teaching and learning. Literature reveals that the pandemic affected lecturers' and students’ teaching and learning processes, yet there is limited research examining and comparing lecturers’ and students’ perceptions. Henceforth, this study examined and compared the experiences of lecturers and students on remote teaching and learning during the Covid-19 pandemic in private higher education colleges in Johannesburg, South Africa. The study was guided by the interpretivism paradigm and employed a qualitative methodology to gain an in-depth understanding of the studied phenomenon. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten (10) lecturers and sixteen (16) students. Major findings of this study were that (a) Lecturers and students provided a mixed review of their remote teaching and learning experiences, highlighting positive and negative aspects (b) Some lecturers and students commended remote teaching and learning for its convenience and cost-effectiveness, (c) Lecturers and students also had to confront shared difficulties such as limited internet connectivity or lack of Wi-Fi, communication issues, limited work/study space, and mental health concerns, all of which had a detrimental impact on the quality of remote teaching and learning. Hence, the conclusions and recommendations drawn from this study emphasise the significance of reducing the inequalities in digital access and opportunities in private higher education colleges.M.A. (Sociology)Sociolog
Critical analysis of deoxyribonucleic acid evidence during rape investigation in the selected local municipalities of Northern Cape province, South Africa
Get PDFAbstracts in English, Xhosa and ZuluForensic evidence such as DNA has become a crucial tool in criminal investigation, particularly in rape cases. The analysis of DNA evidence can provide important information that can help identify a suspect, link a suspect to a crime scene or victim, and exonerate innocent individuals who may have been wrongly accused. Therefore, the aim of this study was to critically analyse (DNA) evidence during rape investigations in the selected Local Municipalities of Northern Cape Province, South Africa. Moreover, the objectives of this study were four-fold, designed as follows: 1) To assess the use of DNA evidence during rape investigations in the selected Local Municipalities of Northern Cape Province, South Africa; 2) To detail selected sources of DNA evidence during rape investigations in the selected Local Municipalities of Northern Cape Province, South Africa; 3) To maintain chain of custody for rape DNA evidence in the selected Local Municipalities of Northern Cape Province, South Africa; 4) To develop a conceptual model for preserving DNA evidence during rape investigations in the selected Local Municipalities of Northern Cape Province, South Africa.
The qualitative research approach was adopted. It was supported by phenomenological research design. Five police stations formed part of this study, namely: Kimberley Police Station, Jan Kempdorp Police Station, Galeshewe Police Station, Roodepan Police Station and Pampierstad Police Station, under the Sol Plaatje and Phokwane Local Municipalities respectively. This study used the non-probability: Purposive sampling to select the following subjects from its population: Twenty-Five Northern Cape SAPS investigators (Sample ‘A’), five participants, including three South African Police Service Forensic Specialists (SAPS FS) from the Forensic Science Laboratory [SAPS FSL], situated in Arcadia (Sample ‘B’) and two DNA specialists from the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), based in Pretoria, and 25 community members from the Northern Cape Province (Sample ‘C’). For data collection, unstructured Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) were employed for ‘sample ‘A’ and ‘B’ and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), involving 25 community members, were used for sample ‘C’. Furthermore, simple observation schedule was also inducted to observe reactions of sample ‘A’ and ‘C’ through employment of non-participative observation schedule, as some significant information stemmed from outside the parameters of the conducted KIIs and FGDs, together with the documentary studies. The inductive Textual Content Analysis (TCA) was adopted to analyse the collected data. This study established that the shared sentiment by the DNA analysts, SAPS FSL and SAPS LCRC were common on the significance of DNA analysis during rape investigations, while some community members were not familiar with this
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technology. Therefore, selected study participants shared clarity on the fact that the DNA have countless successes and it is continuing to play a significant role during crime investigations in general, not only rape cases, but this forensic tool also helps the Criminal Justice System (CJS) in other contact crimes like murder, Gender-Based Violence (GBV), robbery and theft, amongst others. Subsequently, the impact of DNA analysis in the investigation and justice space has been, still is and will continue being inordinate. The biggest challenge right now is the serious backlog caused by infrastructure and shortage of personnel; however, the government is currently addressing this and there has been progress though it is at a snail’s pace. The study also found that DNA evidence alone cannot determine whether a sexual act was consensual or not. Instead, it can only provide information about the presence or absence of bodily fluids and its origins. It is recommended that training of all officials handling samples or evidence (continuity of possession) be maintained. For this reason, it is important to collect, preserve and analyse DNA according to strict protocols and procedures. Importantly, the conceptual model for preserving DNA evidence during rape investigations in the selected Local Municipalities of Northern Cape Province, South Africa, consisting of Five (05) components is presented as a contribution to the new body of knowledge.Ubungqina bophando lwasenkundleni obufana ne-Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) buya busiba sisixhobo esibalulekileyo kuphando lolwaphulomthetho, ngakumbi kumatyala odlwengulo. Uhlalutyo lobungqina be-DNA lunokubonelela ngolwazi olubalulekileyo olunokunceda ukwazi umrhanelwa, ukurhintyela umrhanelwa kwindawo yolwaphulomthetho okanye kwixhoba, kunye nokukhulula abantu abamsulwa abasenokuba batyholwa ngokungafanelekanga. Olu phando belunenjongo yokuhlalutya ngokuhlaba amadlala obungqina (DNA) ngethuba kuphandwa ngodlwengulo kwiPhondo loMntla Koloni. Olu phando belujolise ekuhloleni oku kulandelayo: ukuhlola ukusetyenziswa kobungqina be-DNA ngexesha lophando lodlwengulo kwiPhondo loMntla Koloni; ukuchaza iinkcukacha zemithombo ekhethiweyo yobungqina be-DNA ngexesha lophando lodlwengulo; ukuqokelelwa nokugcinwa kobungqina be-DNA kudlwengulo; ukuphuhlisa imodeli yengqiqo yokugcina ubungqina be-DNA ngexesha lophando lodlwengulo. Kusetyenziswe indlela yophando, lixhaswa luyilo lophando lokuqonda iziganeko. Izikhululo zamapolisa ezintlanu zibeyinxalenye yolu phando. Kubandakanywe ngenjongo abaphandi abangamashumi amabini anesihlanu beNkonzo yamaPolisa yoMzantsi Afrika yaseMntla Koloni (Northern Cape South African Police Service (SAPS)) (Isivandlakanyi A), abathathinxaxheba abahlanu, kuquka iingcali ezintathu zophando lwasenkundleni ze-SAPS ezivela kwi-SAPS FSL, ese-Arcadia (Isivandlakanyi B) kunye neengcali ezimbini ze-DNA ezivela kwiBhunga loPhando lwezeNzululwazi kunye nezoShishino (Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)), elisePitoli, kunye namalungu oluntu angamashumi amabini anesihlanu avela kwiPhondo loMntla Koloni (Isivandlakanyi C).
Idatha iqokelelwe ngodliwanondlebe olungacwangciswanga lwabathathinxaxheba abaphambili (KIIs) kwiSivandlakanyi A no-B kunye neengxoxo zeqela ekugxilwe kulo (FGDs), ezibandakanya amalungu oluntu angamashumi amabini anesihlanu, kwiSivandlakanyi C. Ngaphezu koko, kukwasetyenziswe ifomu yokuhlalutya okanye iphepha lokuhlela (simple observation schedule) ukuqwalasela iimpendulo zeSivandlakanyi A – C ngokusebenzisa ifomu yokuhlalutya ube ungathathi inxaxheba kuphando (non-participative observation schedule), nanjengoko olunye ulwazi olubalulekileyo luye lwavela ngaphandle kwemiyalelo enikezelwe zii-KII nee-FGD, kunye nophando olubhaliweyo okanye olushicilelweyo. Idatha eqokelelweyo ihlalutywe ngendlela esetyenziswa kuphandontyilazwi yohlalutyo lokubhalwe phantsi eyaziwa ngokuba yi-inductive Textual Content Analysis (TCA). Olu phando lufumanise ukuba abahlalutyi be-DNA, i-SAPS FSL kunye ne-SAPS LCRC baye banezimvo ezifanayo ngokubaluleka kohlalutyo lwe-DNA ngexesha lophando lodlwengulo, ngelixa amanye amalungu oluntu engayiqhelanga le teknoloji. Ngoko ke, abathathinxaxheba abakhethiweyo bophando baye banikeza ingcaciso ethe vetshe ngokuveza ukuba i-DNA ibe nempumelelo amatyeli amaninzi kwaye iqhubeka idlala indima ebalulekileyo hayi kwixesha lophando lwamatyala odlwengulo kuphela, kodwa ikwanceda inkqubo yobulungisa kwezinye izenzo zolwaphulomthetho ezifana nokubulala, ubundlobongela obuphathelele kwisini (GBV), uphango kunye nobusela, phakathi kwezinye. Ngaphezu koko, impembelelo yohlalutyo lwe-DNA kwindawo yophando nobulungisa iye yabamaxongo, kwaye iqhubeka isibamaxongo. Owona mngeni mkhulu ngoku kukwanda komsebenzi omninzi osafuneka wenziwe obangelwa zizibonelelo kunye nokunqongophala kwabasebenzi.
Lo ngumngeni urhulumente asaqubulisana nawo kwaye kuye kwakho inkqubelaphambili nangona ikho ngonyaw’ lonwabu. Ngaphezu koko, uphando lufumanise ukuba ubungqina be-DNA bodwa abukwazi ukufumanisa ukuba kwabelwane ngesondo ngokuvumelana okanye akunjalo. Endaweni yoko, i-DNA ikwazi ukunikeza kuphela ulwazi malunga nokubakho okanye ukungabikho kwencindi yomzimba kunye nokuba isuka phi. Kucetyiswa ukuba kuqhutyekekwe kuqeqeshwa onke amagosa asebenza ngeesampuli okanye ubungqina (ukuze kuqhutyekwe kugcinwe ezi sampuli okanye ubungqina). Ngenxa yesi sizathu, kubalulekile ukuqokelela, ukugcina nokuhlalutya i-DNA ngokwezicwangcisonkqubo neenkqubo ezingqingqwa.Ubufakazi bokuhlola obufana nolibofuzo (iDNA) sebuyithuluzi elibalulekile ekuphenyweni kwamacala obugebengu, ikakhulukazi ezimweni zokudlwengula. Ukuhlaziywa kobufakazi bolibofuzo kunganikeza imininingwane ebalulekile engasiza ekutholeni umsolwa, ixhumanise umsolwa nesigameko sobugebengu noma isisulu, futhi ikhulule abantu abangenacala okungenzeka ukuthi bamangalelwe ngokungafanele. Lolu cwaningo luzame ukuhlaziya kabanzi ubufakazi (beDNA) ngesikhathi socwaningo lokudlwengula eSifundazweni SaseNyakatho Kapa. Ucwaningo luhlose ukuhlola okulandelayo: ukuhlola ukusetshenziswa kobufakazi beDNA ngesikhathi sokuphenya ngokudlwengula eSifundazweni SaseNyakatho Kapa; ukuningiliza ngemithombo ekhethiwe yobufakazi beDNA ngesikhathi sokuphenya ngokudlwengula; ukugcina uchungechunge lokulondolozwa kobufakazi beDNA bokudlwengula; ukusungula imodeli yalokho okucatshangiwe yokulondoloza ubufakazi beDNA ngesikhathi sokuphenya amacala okudlwengula. Kulandelwe indlela yocwaningo yekhwalithethivu, isekelwa umklamo wocwaningo wesayensi yezenzakalo. Iziteshi zamaphoyisa ezinhlanu zaba yingxenye yalolu cwaningo.
Abaphenyi boPhiko Lwamaphoyisa LwaseNingizimu Afrika (beSAPS) eNyakatho abangamashumi amabili nanhlanu (Isampula ‘A’), ababambiqhaza abahlanu, okuhlanganisa ochwepheshe abathathu beSAPS abavela eSAPS FSL, abase-Arcadia (Isampula ‘B’) kanye nochwepheshe ababili beDNA abavela eMkhandlwini Wokucwaninga Ngezesayensi Nezimboni (i-CSIR), abazinze ePitoli, namalungu omphakathi angamashumi amabili nesihlanu abavela eSifundazweni SaseNyakatho Kapa (Isampula ‘C’) bakhethwa ngenhloso. Ukuze kuqoqwe imininingo, izingxoxo zabahlinzeki bemininingwane abangakahleleki (ama-KII) zasetshenziselwa ‘isampula ‘A’ no-‘B’ kanye nezingxoxo zamaqoqo agxile esihlokweni esithile (amaFGD), afaka kuwo amalungu omphakathi angamashumi amabili nesihlanu, isampula ‘C’. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwaphinde kwasetshenziswa isheduli elula yokubuka ukuze kubhekwe ukusabela kwesampula ‘A‘ no-’C’ ngokusetshenziswa kwesheduli yokubuka engasiyo ingxenye yalokhu, njengoba eminye imininingwane ebalulekile ivela ngaphandle kwemingcele yamaKIIs namaFGD aqhutshwayo, kanye nokuhlaziywa kwemibhalo. Ukuhlaziywa kokuqukethwe imibhalo encike emfundisweni (iTCA) kwamukelwe ukuze kuhlaziywe imininingo eqoqiwe.
Lolu cwaningo lwaveza ukuthi umuzwa ofanayo wabahlaziyi beDNA, iSAPS FSL neSAPS LCRC wawuvamile maqondana nokubaluleka kokuhlaziywa kweDNA ophenyweni lokudlwengula, ngenkathi amanye amalungu omphakathi engabujwayele lobu buchwepheshe.
Ngakho-ke, ababambiqhaza bocwaningo abakhethiwe bacacisa kabanzi ngalokhu ngokuveza ukuthi iDNA isiphumelele kaningi futhi iyaqhubeka nokudlala indima ebalulekile ophenyweni lwamacala okudlwengula, hayi lokho kuphela, kodwa futhi isiza uhlelo lobulungiswa kwamanye amacala anokuxhumana njengelokubulala, udlame olubhekiswe kwabobulili obuthile (iGBV), ukuphanga nokuntshontsha, kokunye okuningi okukhona. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umthelela wokuhlaziywa kweDNA kwezokuphenya nobulungiswa ubulokhu ukhona, usazolokhu uba khona futhi usazoqhubeka ngokweqile.
Inselelo enkulu kunazo zonke njengamanje ukusilela emuva okubangelwa ingqalasizinda nokushoda kwabasebenzi; lokhu kuyinselelo uhulumeni asazama ukuyilungisa kanti sekube nenqubekelaphambili nakuba kuhamba kancane kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucwaningo lwaveza ukuthi ubufakazi beDNA bubodwa abukwazi ukunquma ukuthi abenzi bocansi bebevumelene yini noma cha. Kunalokho, ingahlinzeka kuphela imininingwane mayelana nokuba khona noma ukungabi khona koketshezi lomzimba nemvelaphi yalo. Kunconywa ukuba kuqhubeke ngendlela ukuqeqeshwa kwabo bonke abasebenza ngamasampula noma ngobufakazi (ukuqhubeka nokugcinwa kahle). Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kubalulekile ukuqoqa, ukulondoloza nokuhlaziya iDNA ngokuvumelana nemigomo nezinqubo eziqinile.D. Phil. (Criminal Justice)Police Practic
Uphando ngemiba echaphazela injongo yabathengi Bomzantsi Afrika yokuqhubeka ukuthenga kwii-apps ezihambisa iodolo ngemini umntu athenge ngayo
No full textAbstract in English, Afrikaans and XhosaMobile shopping apps have gained popularity among consumers in the digital age. With the rise of the on-demand economy and increased use of mobile phones and apps, the demand for same-day delivery has increased substantially. In response, retailers have turned to mobile shopping apps to meet consumers’ demands for quick and efficient service. However, there is limited research on consumers’ behavioural intention to continue using same-day delivery apps in South Africa, where the on-demand economy is still emerging. Understanding the factors that drive the adoption of same-day delivery apps is critical for businesses looking to succeed in the evolving digital landscape.
To fill this research gap, a research study was conducted to develop and test a consolidated technology acceptance model within the South African context. The Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT2) Model served as the guiding foundation of the conceptual model, which was extended with four exogenous mechanisms (constructs) to investigate its significance in relation to South African consumers’ behavioural intention. Generational cohort (age) and gender were investigated as moderators of the study’s variables.
A deductive, quantitative research approach was adopted within the ambit of the post-positivistic research paradigm. Furthermore, to achieve the research objectives, a cross-sectional survey design was applied. Data were collected through a web-based self-administered questionnaire from a sample of 485 South African consumers residing in Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal and the Western Cape province. The study found that the model explained an estimated 70.8% of the variance in behavioural intention, with perceived customer value (a new construct which emerged) being the only construct with a significant influence. Moderation analysis revealed that generational cohort and gender had a minimal impact on the relationship between perceived customer value and behavioural intention. No statistically significant differences were evident between individuals from different demographic backgrounds.
The research study offers a unique and reliable behavioural intention model for using same-day delivery apps in a South African context, shedding light on the factors that influence consumers’ intention to continue using same-day delivery apps. The research findings can guide the development of effective strategies to promote the adoption and use of same-day delivery apps in a South African context. Recommendations were offered to businesses already operating in the on-demand realm and to those looking to venture into the same-day delivery app industry.Mobiele-inkopietoepassings het in die digitale era baie gewild by verbruikers geraak. As gevolg van die opkoms van die op-aanvraagekonomie en die toenemende gebruik van selfone en toepassings, het die vraag na selfdedagaflewerings aansienlik gestyg. In reaksie hierop het kleinhandelaars hulle na mobiele-inkopietoepassings gewend om te voldoen aan die verbruikers se vraag na vinnige en doeltreffende diens. Daar bestaan egter beperkte navorsing oor verbruikers se gedragsvoorneme om steeds selfdedagafleweringstoepassings in Suid-Afrika te gebruik waar die op-aanvraagekonomie steeds groei. Dit is van kritieke belang vir ondernemings wat in die ontwikkelende digitale landskap suksesvol wil wees om die faktore te verstaan wat die aanvaarding van selfdedagafleweringstoepassings aanmoedig.
Ten einde hierdie navorsingsleemte te vul, is 'n navorsingstudie onderneem om 'n gekonsolideerde tegnologie-aanvaardingsmodel vir die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks te ontwikkel en te toets. Die Model vir die Verenigde Teorie van Aanvaarding en Gebruik van Tegnologie (Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology – UTAUT2) het as rigtinggewende grondslag van die konseptuele model gedien, wat uitgebrei is met vier eksogene meganismes (konsepte) om sy belangrikheid met betrekking tot Suid-Afrtikaanse verbruikers se gedragsvoornemens te ondersoek. Generasiekohort (ouderdom) en -geslag is as moderators van die studie se veranderlikes nagevors.
’n Deduktiewe, kwantitatiewe navorsingsbenadering is in die sfeer van die post-positivistiese navorsingsparadigma gevolg. Vervolgens is 'n deursnee-opnameontwerp gebruik ten einde die navorsingsdoelwitte te bereik. Data is deur middel van 'n webgebaseerde, selftoegediende vraelys ingesamel met behulp van 'n steekproef van 485 Suid-Afrikaanse verbruikers wat in Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal en die Wes-Kaap woonagtig is. Die studie het bevind dat die model ongeveer 70.8% van die variansie in gedragsvoorneme verduidelik, met waargenome klantewaarde ('n nuwe konsep wat ontstaan het) wat die enigste konsep was met 'n noemenswaardige invloed. Modereringsontleding het aangetoon dat generasiekohort en -geslag 'n minimale uitwerking op die verhouding tussen waargenome klantewaarde en gedragsvoorneme het. Geen statisties-beduidende verskille is tussen individue uit verskillende demografiese agtergronde gevind nie.
Die navorsingstudie bied ’n unieke en betroubare gedragsvoornememodel om selfdedag-afleweringstoepassings in 'n Suid-Afrikaanse konteks te gebruik, wat lig werp op die faktore wat verbruikers se voornemes beïnvloed om steeds selfdedagafleweringstoepassings te gebruik. Die navorsingsbevindings kan die ontwikkeling van doeltreffende strategieë rig om die aanvaarding en gebruik van selfdedagafleweringstoepassings in 'n Suid-Afrikaanse konteks te bevorder. Aanbevelings word gemaak aan ondernemings wat reeds werksaam is in die op-aanvraagterrein asook aan diegene wat van voorneme is om die terrein van selfdedagafleweringstoepassing te betree.Ii-apps (okanye iziza) zentengiso ziya zithandwa ngokuthandwa ngabathengi kweli xesha ledijithali. Njengoko lusanda uqoqosho lokunxulumanisa ubuchwepheshe bedijithali neenkonzo ezidingekayo nokwanda kokusetyenziswa kweefowuni eziphathekayo kunye nee-apps, imfuneko yokuhambisa iodolo ngosuku ekuthengwe ngalo yandile kakhulu. Ukusabela kwizidingo zabathengi, abathengisi babhenela kwii-apps zentengiso ezisezifownini eziphathwayo ukuze kusetyenzwe ngokukhawuleza nangokwanelisayo. Noxa kunjalo, lusalabalaba uphando lweenjongo zabathengi zokuqhubeka ekuthengeni kwii-apps zokuhambisa iiodolo ngemini ekuthengwe ngayo eMzantsi Afrika, apho uqoqosho lokunxulumanisa ubuchwepheshe bedijithali neenkonzo ezidingekayo lusavelayo. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqonda ngemiba eqhuba ukusetyenziswa kwee-apps zokuhambisa iiodolo ngemini ekuthengwe ngayo ukuze amashishini aphumelele kule mihla yedijithali.
Ukuze kuvalwe esi sikhewu kuphando, kwaqhutywa isifundo sophando ngenjongo yokuvelisa nokuvavanya indlela yokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obunzulu kwiimeko zoMzantsi Afrika. Ingcingane okanye ithiyori eyi Unified Theory of Acceptance kunye nemodeli eyi Use of Technology (UTAUT2) Model zasetyenziswa njengesiseko esikhokela le modeli icetywayo, neyathi yandiswa ngeentsika zobungqina obungaphandle ezine ngenjongo yokuphanda ukubaluleka kwale modeli kwiinjongo zabathengi boMzantsi Afrika. Kwasetyenziswa ubudala bokuzalwa nesini njengeempawu zokuthelekisa iyantlukwano yeenjongo nokuziphatha kubathengi.
Kwasetyenziswa indlela yophando eqwalasela ubuninzi bamanani ekufikeleleni kwisigqibo, oko kusenziwa ngokulandela icebo lophando apho ubuyena bomphandi buchaphazela iingcinga nezimvo zakhe. Ngaphaya koko, ukuze kufezekiswe iinjongo zophando, kwasetyenziswa uhlolo zimvo zokuqwalasela abathathi nxaxheba ngaxeshanye. Kwaqokelelwa idatha ngokusebenzisa uludwe lwemibuzo apho umthengi wayeziphendulela ngokwakhe, kubathengi boMzantsi Afrika ababengama-485 nababehlala eGauteng, KwaZulu-Natal naseNtshona Koloni. Isifundo safumanisa ukuba imodeli yacacisa ukuba ama-70.8% aqikelelweyo eyantlukwano kwiinjongo nokuziphatha kwabathengi, nexabiso lemveliso kumthengi elaye labonakala (kwavela ubungqina obutsha) nobaye yabubo bodwa obunefuthe elivakalayo. Uhlalutyo ngokuthelekisa ifuthe leempawu ezahlukeneyo lwadiza ukuba ubudala nesini bunefuthe elingephi kubudlelwane phakathi kokuxabiseka kwemveliso kumthengi nenjongo equka ukuziphatha kwakhe. Akuzange kuvele mahluko umandla phakathi kwabathengi abavela kuluntu lweendawo neentlanga ezahlukeneyo.
Esi sifundo sophando sivelisa imodeli ekhethekileyo nefana yodwa yokuziphatha nenjongo yomthengi yokusebenzisa ii-apps zokuhambisa iiodolo ngemini ekuthengwe ngayo kwimeko yoMzantsi Afrika. Ikwadiza nemiba enefuthe kwiinjongo zomthengi zokusebenzisa ii-apps zokuhambisa iiodolo ngemini ekuthengwe ngayo. Okufumaniseke kuphando kungakukhokela ukuphuhliswa kwamacebo okuqhubela phambili nasekusetyenzisweni kwee-apps zokuhambisa iiodolo ngemini ekuthengwe ngayo kwimeko yoMzantsi Afrika. Kwanikwa iingcebiso kumashishini asele eqhuba apho adingeka khona nakulawo asafuna ukungena kweli candelo lee-apps zokuhambisa iiodolo ngemini ekuthengwe ngayo.D. Phil. (Management Studies)Marketing and Retai
The perception of probation officers on factors contributing to recidivism among children in conflict with the law, post diversion
Get PDFText in EnglishSouth Africa (SA) is one of the countries with a high rate of recidivism among children in
conflict with the law. Criminologists and social work researchers have long been
interested in developing effective interventions for these children, known as "diversion
programmes," with the aim of making a positive impact on their lives. The goal of this
study was to gain a deeper understanding of the factors that contribute to recidivism
among children in conflict with the law after participating in diversion programmes. To
achieve this, face-to-face interviews were conducted with probation officers who were
selected through purposive sampling. The study employed exploratory, contextual,
descriptive, and phenomenological research designs, following the stages outlined by
Creswell (2014:198) for data analysis. The data collected using a semi-structured
interview guide was analyzed using Tesch's framework for thematic analysis. Ethical
requirements such as informed consent, confidentiality, anonymity, voluntary
participation, and the avoidance of harm were adhered to throughout the study. This study
aimed to fill a literature gap in order to comprehensively understand recidivism and its
contributing variables. The study revealed numerous factors that contributed to recidivism
of children in conflict with the law, post diversion. It further revealed numerous challenges
that probation officers are confronted with when rendering diversion programme on a daily
basis. The study recommends that parents and caregivers must actively participate in the
facilitation of diversion programmes in order to have positive impact of diversion services.
The supervision of probation officers must be improved. Aftercare and social re integration have to be rendered to all the children who would have completed diversion
programmes. The study further recommends that parents must attend parenting skills
programmes where necessary.M. (Social Work)Social Wor
Development of nafion/ palladium nanofiller as nanocomposite membrane for fuel cell applications
Get PDFThe nanocomposite membranes were fabricated by incorporating palladium
nanoparticles into Nafion® matrix to develop suitable membrane to be used as polymer
electrolyte membrane (PEM) in Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC). The effect of
palladium loading was studied to explore a suitable membrane for DMFC. The recast
method was used to synthesize the nanocomposites membranes. Commercial
palladium nanoparticles were used as reference for synthesized palladium
nanoparticles and palladium nanocomposite membranes. The synthesized palladium
nanoparticles by sol-gel method were characterized by TEM, UV-vis, FTIR and DLS.
The morphology and crystalline structure of nanocomposite membranes were
characterized by FESEM, XRD, FTIR. The distribution of palladium nanoparticles
within Nafion® membrane was confirmed by EDS. The thermal properties were
analysed by TGA and DSC. The mechanical properties were also investigated.
To evaluate suitability of palladium nanocomposite membranes as polymer electrolyte
membranes (PEMs) in DMFC properties such as water uptake (WU), water contact
angle, methanol permeability, ion exchange capacity (IEC), proton conductivity and
selectivity were determined.
The palladium nanocomposite membranes indicated the lowest water uptake of
0.37% at 25°C and highest water uptake of 14.8% at 100°C. The results of water
uptake indicated hydrophobic behaviour which corresponds to water contact angle.
The highest water contact angle of 100.3° and lowest water contact angle of 84°were
recorded for nanocomposite membrane.
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The mechanical properties of nanocomposite membranes such as tensile strength,
elastic modulus (stiffness) and elongation at break were improved for all
nanocomposite membranes.
The methanol permeability of nanocomposite membranes was improved with reduced
methanol permeability of 3.5 × 10-7 cm-1s-1 for commercial PdNps/Nafion®, 3.6 × 10-7
cm-1s-1 for PdEG22/Nafion®, 3.8 × 10-7 cm-1s-1 for PdEG33/Nafion®, 4.5 × 10-7 cm-1s-1
for PdEG11/Nafion® compared to 9.12 × 10-7 cm-1s-1 of pristine recast Nafion®
membrane at temperature of 80°C. The ion exchange capacity recorded values were
1.28 mm/g for PdEG22/Nafion®, 1.32 mm/g for PdEG33/Nafion®,1.47 mm/g for
PdEG11/Nafion®,2.18 mm/g commercialPdNps/Nafion® compared to 0.81mm/g of
pristine Nafion®. The proton conductivity of 0.6 Scm-1 (PdEG11/Nafion®), 0.41 Scm-1
(PdEG22/Nafion®), 0.28 Scm-1 (PdEG33/Nafion®), 0.26 Scm-1 (commercial
PdNps/Nafion®) was achieved comparable to pristine Nafion® with 0.25 Scm-1.The
membrane selectivity of palladium nanocomposite membranes showed the
membranes are suitable to be used as PEM in DMFC due to their selectivity values
recorded as 1.33 × 106 Sc cm-3 for PdEG11/Nafion®, 1.14 × 106 Sc cm-3 for
PdEG22/Nafion®, 7.4 × 105 Sc cm-3 for both PdEG33/Nafion® and commercial
PdNps/Nafion® compared to pristine Nafion® (2.7 × 105 Sc cm-3) and their ability to
reduce methanol crossover.M. Sc. (Chemistry)College of Engineering, Science and Technolog
The fivefold ministry in African neo-Pentecostalism: Constructing a Pentecostal theology of edification
No full textThe fivefold ministry is the belief in the functioning of the five offices in ecclesial leadership
such as apostles, prophets, pastors, teachers, and evangelists. Contrary to the practice in
mainline Christianity and classical Pentecostalism, African neo-Pentecostals believe that the
fivefold ministry is functional in the contemporary church as much as it was in the early
church. Hence, the clergy in these churches takes on various titles such as ‘apostles’ and
‘prophets’ as opposed to traditional titles such as ‘reverend’ and ‘priest’. However, some
African neo-Pentecostals have used this conceptual framework for the attainment of titles
without training, ordination, and formal recognition. In addition, the practice of fivefold
ministry in African neo-Pentecostalism has opened a door for other non-conventional titles
like ‘major 1’ and ‘seer 1’ to name a few. Furthermore, there is also an overemphasis of titles as
if there is competition within the fivefold ministry. This article argues that the biblical
(particularly the New Testament) purpose of the fivefold ministry, is the edification of the
church rather than the abuse of titles and competition by the clergy within African neo-
Pentecostalism. The theoretical framework for the Pentecostal theology of edification is
constructed within the biblical perspective on fivefold ministry in Ephesians 4:11. The
framework is important in demonstrating that the fivefold ministry is important for the
edification of the body of Christ. The use of the fivefold ministry is expected to benefit
the church, not individual apostles, and prophets. Equally, the fivefold ministry encourages
the participation of all believers.Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiolog
Gambling disorder in the workplace among security officers employed by the National Department of Health : guidelines for occupational social work intervention
No full textText in English with summaries in English and XitsongaThe study focused on workplace gambling disorders among the National Department of Health security officers who gamble at work. The study sought to explore and describe the effects of gambling disorder on security officers’ well-being. Therefore, a qualitative research approach was conducted, using purposive and snowball sampling, to select fifteen security officers and eight supervisors from whom data was collected. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with the help of an interview guide and focus group prompts enabled the researcher to facilitate the focus group discussions. A collective case study design was used to explore and describe gambling disorders in the workplace using a contextual approach to give meaning to the existence of the phenomenon. Furthermore, data analysis was conducted using steps adopted from Niewenhuis (2016:114) and data verification criteria from Schurink et al. (2021:393) to establish the rigour of the study. The findings illuminated that environment plays a pivotal role on the inception of the security officers’ gambling. The environment motivates some of them to start gambling, which they adopt from observing colleagues who gamble and sometimes win. None of the participants sought professional help to deal with workplace gambling because they did not regard it as a problem.
The study highlighted that there is an element of cognitive distortion because participants believe that they have control over their gambling habits; therefore, they do not need help. The general systems theory (GST), ecological perspective and life model theories were used as theoretical lenses of this study. The study employed theories to guide, inform and comprehend the study. Hence, the study recommends developing and implementing a gambling policy in the National Department of Health to enforce the employer through occupational social workers and employee health and wellness office to address gambling-related issues. A constant gambling disorder awareness programme is recommended. Subsequently, the study findings were used to develop guidelines for occupational social work intervention to address gambling disorders in the workplace. For future research, it is recommended in this study that gambling disorder as a phenomenon be researched focusing on different participants and using different data collection methods. Such research would provide a picture of the extent of the phenomenon in the workplace, which could assist in addressing the problem appropriatelyNdzavisiso wu kongomisiwile eka mahanyelo yo gembula entirhweni exikarhi ka vaofisiri va vuhlayiseki lava thoriweke hi Ndzawulo ya Rixaka ya Rihanyu. Xikongomelo xa ndzavisiso a ku ri ku valanga na ku hlamusela leswi mahanyelo yo gembula ya khumbhisaka xiswona vuhlayiseki bya vatirhi (vaofisiri va vuhlayiseki) lava gembulaka entirhweni. Endlelo ra ndzavisiso wa xiyimo ri tirhisiwile ku endla ndzavisiso. Sampulu ya xikongomelo na yo ka yi nga ri ya nkumbetelo ti tirhisiwile ku hlawula 15 wa vaofisiri va vuhlayiseki na 8 wa valanguteri laha datara yi nga hlengeletiwa eka vona Tiinthavhiyu to vutisela swivutiso ti endliwile hi ku pfuniwa hi xiletelo xa tiinthavhiyu naswona swiboho swa mitlawa ya nkongomiso swi endlile leswaku mulavisisi a kondletela mikanelo ya mitlawa ya nkongomiso. Dezayini ya nhlanganelo ya xikombisodyondzo yi tirhisiwile ku valanga na ku hlamusela mahanyelo yo gembula entirhweni hi ku tirhisa endlelo ra vuxokoxoko bya xiyimo ku nyika nhlamuselo ya vukona bya xihumelelo. Kuyisaemahlweni, nxopanxopo wa datara wu endliwile hi ku tirhisa switepe leswi tekiweke ku suka eka Nieuwenhuis (2016:114). Hi ku fana, Schurink et al. (2021:393)’s khirayitheriya yo kambisisa datara yi tirhisiwile ku tumbuluxa vuxokoxoko bya dyondzo. Leswi nga kumiwa swi kombisa leswaku mbango wu na xiave xa nkoka eka ku sungula ku hanya mahanyelo yo gembula hi vaofisiri va vuhlayiseki tanihi leswi va hlohleteriwaka ku sungula ku gembula hi ku langutisa vatirhikulobye lava gembulaka na ku hetelela mikarhi yin'wana va wina. Ku yile emahlweni ku kombisiwa eka dyondzo leyi leswaku ku hava na un'we wa vatekaxiave loyi a laveke mpfuno wa xiphurofexini ku va pfuna ku tirhana na ku gembula ka vona, hikuva a va kalanga va tivona tanihi ku va va ri na xiphiqo.
Leswi kumiweke eka dyondzo swi komba leswaku ku na mianakanyo ya vutixisi tanihiloko vatekaxiave va tshembha leswaku va na vulawuri ehenhla ka ku gembula ka vona hikwalaho a va lavi mpfuno. Thiyori ya tisisiteme to angarhela, thiyori ya vonelo ra ikholoji na xikombiso xa vutomi swi tirhisiwile tanihi mavonelo ya thiyori ya dyondzo leyi. Tithiyori ti tirhisiwile ku letela, ku tivisa na ku nyika ntwisiso wa dyondzo leyi. Ku bumabumeriwile leswaku pholisi yo gembula yi fanele yi tumbuluxiwa na ku simekiwa eka Ndzawulo ya Rixaka ya Rihanyu leyi nga ta endla leswaku muthori, hi ku tirhisa vakondleteri va le ntirhweni na hofisi ya nongonoko wa rihanyu lerinene ra vatirhi, a ololoxa timhaka leti fambelanaka na ku gembula Xin'wana xibumabumelo i ku va na minongonoko ya ndzemukiso wa mahanyelo yo gembula leyi nga ta endliwa nkarhi na nkarhi. Leswi kumiweke swa dyondzo swi tirhisiwile ku tumbuluxa swiletelo swa nghenenelo wa vukondleteri bya le ntirhweni ku ololoxa mahanyelo yo gembula entirhweni.
Eka ndzavisiso wa nkarhi lowutaka, ku ringanyetiwa leswaku mahanyelo yo gembula tanihi xihumelelo ya fanele ku lavisisiwa hi ku kongomisa eka vatekaxiave vo hambanahambana na ku tirhisa maendlelo yo hambana yo hlengeleta datara eka dyondzo leyi. Ndzavisiso walowo wu ta nyika xifaniso xa mpimo wa xihumelelo lexi entirhweni, lexi nga ta pfuna eka ku lulamisa xiphiqo hi ndlela leyi faneleke.D. Phil. (Social Work)Social Wor
Exploring the involvement of men in preventing violence against women in Tshwane, Gauteng province
No full textAbstracts and key words in English, Zulu and Southern SothoViolence Against Women (VAW) is a challenging and growing problem worldwide. Like everywhere else, VAW in South Africa is mostly perpetrated by men, thus underscoring the importance of engaging men in the prevention of VAW. This study aimed to explore men's involvement in programmes preventing violence against women in Tshwane, Gauteng Province.
The study employed a qualitative research approach. Eight men between the ages of 25 and 40 participated in the study and they shared their experiences with working in programmes that involved men in the prevention of violence against women. Semi-structured interviews, unstructured observation, and document analysis are the data collection methods used in this study. The findings of the study revealed that the work of engaging men is growing across the country although there is still a lot to be done. Amongst other factors, the study showed that lack of funding and limited resources are challenges that continue to impact the progress in engaging men and boys. The findings of the study also revealed that engaging gatekeepers such as kings and chiefs in rural settings, and pastors and traditional leaders within the community makes it easy to access and recruit men and boys to participate in preventing violence against women.Udlame olubhekiswe kwabesifazane (VAW) luyinselelo futhi luyinkinga enganqandeki emhlabeni jikelele. Njengazo zonke izindawo, ababhebhethekisi beVAW eNingizimu Afrika kuvame ukuba ngabantu besilisa, lokhu-ke kugcizelela ukubaluleka kokubandakanywa kwabo ekugwemeni iVAW. Lolu cwaningo luhlose ukuhlola ukuzibandakanya kwabesilisa ezinhlelweni zokugwema udlame olubhekiswe kwabesifazane eTshwane, eSifundazweni saseGauteng.
Lolu cwaningo lusebenzise indlela yokucwaninga iqophelo. Lapha kusetshenziswe abesilisa abayisishiyagalombili abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-25 nama-40 ubudala ukuze babambe iqhaza ocwaningweni. Laba besilisa babelane ngolwazi lwabo ekubeni yingxenye yezinhlelo ezibandakanya abesilisa ekugwemeni udlame olubhekiswe kwabesifazane. Idatha yalolu cwaningo iqoqwe ngokubanjwa kwezinhlolovo ezivulelekile, ukuqaphela izimpawu ezithile kungazelele, nokuhlaziywa kwemibhalo. Imiphumela yalolu cwaningo iveza ukuthi kusekuningi okufanele kwenziwe ezweni jikelele ekubandakanyeni abesilisa ezinhlelweni zokugwema lolu dlame. Kwezinye zezinto, ucwaningo luveze ukuthi ukushoda kwezimali nezinsizakusebenza kungezinye zezinselelo ezisaqhubeka nokuba nomthelela ekubandakanyweni kwabesilisa nabafanyana abasakhula. Imiphumela yalolu cwaningo iphinde yaveza ukuthi ukuzibandakanya nabaholi okungaMakhosi ezindaweni zasemakhaya, abefundisi nabaholi bendabuko emphakathini kwenza kube lula ukufinyeleleka nokuheha abesilisa ukuba babambe iqhaza ekugwemeni iVAW.Tlhekefetso kgahlanong le basadi (VAW) ke bothata bo phephetsang le bo ntseng bo hola lefatsheng ka bophara. Jwalo ka dibakeng tse ding, VAW Afrika Borwa hangata e etswa ke banna, kahoo e totobatsa bohlokwa ba ho kopanela le banna thibelong ya VAW. Phuputso ena e ikemiseditse ho hlahloba seabo sa banna mananeong a thibelang tlhekefetso kgahlanong le basadi Tshwane, Porofenseng ya Gauteng.
Phuputso ena e sebedisitse mokgwa wa ho etsa dipatlisiso tsa boleng. Banna ba robedi ba pakeng tsa dilemo tse 25 le 40 ba kentse letsoho phuputsong. Banna bana ba ile ba arolelana diphihlelo tsa bona le ho sebetsa mananeong a neng a kenyelletsa banna ho thibela tlhekefetso kgahlanong le basadi. Dipuisano tse hlophisitsweng hantle tse halofo, tlhokomelo e sa hlophiswang, le tlhahlobo ya ditokomane ke mekgwa ya pokello ya dintlha e sebedisitsweng phuputsong ena. Diphumano tsa phuputso ena di senotse hore mosebetsi wa ho kenyeletsa banna o ntse o hola naheng ka bophara le hoja ho ntse ho e na le ho hongata ho lokelang ho etswa. Hara tse ding, phuputso e senotse hore kgaello ya ditjhelete le disebediswa tse fokolang ke tse ding tsa diqholotso tse ntseng di tswela pele ho ama tswelopele ya ho kenya letsoho ho banna le bashanyana. Diphumano tsa phuputso di boetse di senola hore ho kopanela balebedi ba diheke ba kang marena le marenana dibakeng tsa mahaeng, le baruti le baetapele ba setso ka hare ho setjhaba ho etsa hore ho be bonolo ho fumana le ho thaotha banna le bashanyana ho kenya letsoho ho thibela VAW.M.A. (Police Science, Forensic Science, and Technology)Police Practic
Search for a resonance decaying into a scalar particle and a Higgs boson in final states with leptons and two photons in proton-proton collisions at s = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector
No full textAbstract A search for a hypothetical heavy scalar particle, X, decaying into a singlet scalar particle, S, and a Standard Model Higgs boson, H, using 140 fb−1 of proton-proton collision data at the centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LHC is presented. The explored mass range is 300 ≤ mX ≤ 1000 GeV and 170 ≤ mS ≤ 500 GeV. The signature of this search is one or two leptons (e or μ) from the decay of vector bosons originating from the S particle, S → W±W∓/ZZ, and two photons from the Higgs boson decay, H → γγ. No significant excess is observed above the expected Standard Model background. The observed (expected) upper limits at the 95% confidence level on the cross- section for gg → X → SH, assuming the same S → WW/ZZ branching ratios as for a SM-like heavy Higgs boson, are between 530 (800) fb and 120 (170) fb