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Investigating the relationship between the digital food environment and health behaviours in South Africans living within the 4th industrial revolution
No full textText in EnglishThe rise of digital food environments has significantly altered consumer dietary patterns, yet their impact on health behaviours in South Africa remains underexplored. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between the digital food environment and the health and eating behaviours of South Africans living within the 4IR. The problems statement was formulated as digital food environment influences health and eating behaviours of South Africans living within the 4th Industrial Revolution. A quantitative research approach was employed, utilising an online self-administered questionnaire distributed nationwide. The positivist paradigm within the quantitative research was used as a research design for the study. The respondents were recruited through social media and online platforms. Key findings were that while food environments offer convenience, they may inadvertently discourage health-promoting behaviours, particularly in areas of dietary awareness, preventative health measures, and healthy eating habits. The study included 403 respondents with a mean age of 32.6 years (±9.1). The sample was predominantly female (70%). Findings indicate that 95.5% of respondents own a smartphone, with 50.9% using food delivery apps. However, frequent use of these platforms was negatively correlated with health-conscious behaviours, suggesting that higher reliance on food delivery services may contribute to unhealthy dietary patterns. Emotional undereating was found to be more prevalent than emotional overeating, with stress and negative emotions often leading to appetite suppression rather than excessive consumption. Furthermore, increased social media exposure was associated with heightened hunger cues and impulsive food choices. Regression analyses revealed that greater engagement with food apps and prolonged social media use significantly predicted lower overall health behaviour scores. The results emphasise the necessity for the digital food environment to be a target for public health interventions, consumer behaviour and policymakers. It is concluded that the impact of food delivery apps on unhealthy eating traits raises alarms about nutritional transparency and food advertising ethics even though they are easily accessible.College of Agriculture and Environmental Science
Constructions of gender and power: South African mothers’ experiences of intimate partner violence and family court
No full textText in EnglishDivorce and intimate partner violence, or domestic violence, have been well researched; however, the experiences of mothers' post-separation, and specifically during Family Court processes, in the context of domestic violence, has been less well-reviewed. Mothers' experiences of domestic violence after leaving abusive partners, and their postseparation experiences with Family Court, are for the most part poorly understood.
This study aimed first to explore South African mothers’ experiences of Family Court processes in the context of intimate partner violence; and second, to explore the social constructions of gender and power in the context of Family Court and intimate partner violence, post separation. This qualitative study was underpinned by a social constructionist paradigmatic framework and a critical postmodern feminist theoretical approach. Participants were recruited using purposive and snowball sampling. Data was gathered until saturation using semi-structured face-to-face interviews and analysed by means of discourse analysis. Throughout the research process all ethical considerations were adhered to. The study found that mothers experienced ongoing abuse after separation and perceived the Family Court
system as unsupportive and inadequate in addressing issues related to family violence, financial maintenance, and children's court matters. These systemic failures mirrored the dynamics of the abusive relationships. The research uncovered dominant discourses related
to gendered narratives, dismissed safety concerns, and a perceived lack of knowledge or competence among experts and decision-makers regarding family violence, coercive control, and economic abuse, leading to long-term emotional and psychological trauma for the mothers and their children. These findings suggest the urgent need for systemic reform and a deeper understanding of the complex challenges around gender power imbalances that surround the Family Court system.M.A. (Psychology)Psycholog
Process framework for evaluating the performance of projects implemented through public private partnership arrangements
No full textAbstract and text in EnglishPublic Private Partnerships (PPPs) have become increasingly vital for executing public
infrastructure projects across both developed and developing countries. Despite their
long-standing use, the evaluation of PPP project performance remains contentious, with
ongoing debates about success and failure factors. This research aims to develop and
validate a process framework specifically for assessing the performance of road
infrastructure projects implemented via PPP arrangements. Focusing on case studies
from the Limpopo provincial roads, this study investigates the Supply and Management
Contracts used by Roads Agency Limpopo (RAL) and partners including Pretoria
Portland Cement (PPC) Limited, ZZ2 Farming, and De Beers Group (Venetia Mine).
Employing qualitative methods, participant interviews, and thematic analysis through
ATLAS.ti (Version 23) Software, this research analyses the variability in the level of
importance of variables influencing PPP project success. A conceptual framework was
created from a thorough literature review and document analysis, subsequently refined
with insights from subject matter experts. The resulting systematic process framework
features twelve critical variables, ensuring a comprehensive assessment of project risks
at each stage of the project lifecycle. The findings indicate that most subject matter
experts acknowledge the proposed process framework as a robust tool for enhancing
structure, guidance, and consistency in public-private partnership project management.
This framework not only enhances the understanding of PPP performance in road
infrastructure but also serves as a model for application in other sectors, such as energy
and water, promising improved outcomes in future PPP projects.Graduate School of Business Leadershi
Human resource management practices as an enabler of positive attitudes and job performance : examining the moderating effects of organisational cultural values
No full textAbstract in English, Afrikaans and AmharicIntroduction: Ethiopia is a large country with a diverse population, where the subgroups have different cultural values. The workplace serves as a melting pot where these various cultures interact and it is expected that culture will influence individual performance.
Purpose: This study aimed to explore the relationship between human resource management practices, employee positive attitudes as mediators, and ultimately job performance, considering the influence of different organisational cultural values. The goal was to foster a workplace environment where performance could be maximised through a deeper understanding of these dynamics.
Methods: Cross-sectional data were collected from a diverse sample of employees who work in various public sector federal organisations in Ethiopia (N=423). Data covered HRM practices, employee attitudes (job satisfaction, employee engagement, organisational commitment), and job performance. Statistical analyses examined the strength of the relationships between these variables and the moderating effect of cultural values.
Results: The results indicated that HRM practices significantly affect employee attitudes: job satisfaction (R²=.449), employee engagement (R2=.350), and organisational commitment (R²=.463). Furthermore, employee attitudes influenced job performance (R2=.449), although HRM practices had only a modest direct effect on job performance (R2=.236), suggesting that attitudes mediate the relationship between human resource management practices and job performance. The influence of organisational cultural values on the link between HRM practices and attitudes was most notable in relation to job satisfaction, while job satisfaction was also the primary attitude influenced by organisational culture in the attitude-performance relationship. The relationship between HRM practices and job performance was positively moderated by uncertainty avoidance and negatively moderated by indulgence.
Discussion: Employee attitudes partially mediate the relationship between HRM practices and job performance, while different organisational cultural values moderate these relationships. The study identified key organisational cultural factors that positively or negatively influence these relationships.
Value Add: This research offers valuable information on the relationship between HRM practices, positive attitudes, and job performance as well as how organisational cultural values influence these factors. It provides a foundation for improving job performance through positive employee attitudes, cultural awareness, and sound HRM practices.Inleiding: Ethiopië is 'n groot land met 'n diverse bevolking, waar die subgroepe verskillende kulturele waardes het. Die werkplek dien as 'n smeltkroes waar hierdie verskillende kulture interaksie het en daar word verwag dat kultuur individuele prestasie sal beïnvloed.
Doel: Hierdie studie het ten doel gehad om die verband tussen menslike hulpbronbestuurspraktyke, werknemers se positiewe houdings as bemiddelaars, en uiteindelik werkprestasie te ondersoek, met inagneming van die invloed van verskillende organisatoriese kulturele waardes. Die doel was om 'n werkplekomgewing te bevorder waar prestasie gemaksimeer kan word deur 'n dieper begrip van hierdie dinamika.
Metodes: Deursnee-data is ingesamel van 'n diverse steekproef van werknemers wat in verskeie openbare sektor federale organisasies in Ethiopië werk (N=423). Data het HRM-praktyke, werknemershoudings (werkstevredenheid, werknemersbetrokkenheid, organisatoriese toewyding) en werkprestasie gedek. Statistiese ontledings het die sterkte van die verhoudings tussen hierdie veranderlikes en die modererende effek van kulturele waardes ondersoek.
Resultate: Die bevindinge het aangedui dat HRM-praktyke werknemershoudings beduidend beïnvloed: werkstevredenheid (R²=.449), werknemerbetrokkenheid (R2=.350) en organisatoriese toewyding (R²=.463). Verder het werknemershoudings werkprestasie beïnvloed (R2=.449), hoewel HRM-praktyke slegs 'n beskeie direkte effek op werkprestasie gehad het (R2=.236), wat daarop dui dat houdings die verhouding tussen menslikehulpbronbestuurspraktyke en werkprestasie bemiddel. Die invloed van organisatoriese kulturele waardes op die verband tussen HRM-praktyke en houdings was die mees opvallende in verhouding tot werkstevredenheid, terwyl werkstevredenheid ook die primêre houding was wat deur organisatoriese kultuur in die houding-prestasie-verhouding beïnvloed is. Die verhouding tussen HRM-praktyke en werkprestasie is positief gemodereer deur onsekerheidsvermyding en negatief gemodereer deur toegeeflikheid.
Bespreking: Werknemershoudings bemiddel gedeeltelik die verhouding tussen HRM-praktyke en werkprestasie, terwyl verskillende organisatoriese kulturele waardes hierdie verhoudings modereer. Die studie het sleutel organisatoriese kulturele faktore geïdentifiseer wat hierdie verhoudings positief of negatief beïnvloed.
Waardetoevoeging: Hierdie navorsing bied waardevolle inligting oor die verhouding tussen HRM-praktyke, positiewe houdings en werkprestasie, asook hoe organisatoriese kulturele waardes hierdie faktore beïnvloed. Dit bied 'n fondament vir die verbetering van werkprestasie deur positiewe werknemershoudings, kulturele bewustheid en goeie HRM-praktyke.መግቢያ፡- ኢትዮጵያ ብዙ ሕዝብ ያላት ትልቅ አገር ነች፣ ንዑስ ቡድኖች የተለያየ የባህል እሴት ያላት አገር ነች። የስራ ቦታው እነዚህ የተለያዩ ባህሎች መስተጋብር የሚፈጥሩበት እንደ ማቅለጫ ድስት ሆኖ የሚያገለግል ሲሆን ባህል በግለሰብ አፈፃፀም ላይ ተጽእኖ ይኖረዋል ተብሎ ይጠበቃል።
ዓላማው፡- ይህ ጥናት የተለያዩ ድርጅታዊ ባህላዊ እሴቶችን ተፅእኖ ግምት ውስጥ በማስገባት በሰው ኃይል አስተዳደር ተግባራት፣ በሠራተኛው እንደ ሸምጋይነት ያለው አዎንታዊ አመለካከት እና በመጨረሻም የሥራ አፈጻጸም መካከል ያለውን ግንኙነት ለመዳሰስ ያለመ ነው። ግቡ የእነዚህን ተለዋዋጭ ሁኔታዎች በጥልቀት በመረዳት አፈጻጸምን የሚጨምርበትን የስራ ቦታ አካባቢ ማሳደግ ነበር።
ዘዴዎች፡- በተለያዩ የመንግስት ሴክተር የፌዴራል ድርጅቶች ውስጥ የሚሰሩ ሰራተኞች ከተለያዩ ናሙናዎች (N= 423) ተሻጋሪ መረጃዎች የተሰበሰቡ ናቸው። መረጃው የሰው ኃይል አስተዳደር ተግባራትን፣ የሰራተኞችን አመለካከት (የስራ እርካታን፣ የሰራተኛ ተሳትፎን፣ ድርጅታዊ ቁርጠኝነትን) እና የስራ አፈጻጸምን ተሸፍኗል። ስታቲስቲካዊ ትንታኔዎች በእነዚህ ተለዋዋጮች መካከል ያለውን ግንኙነት ጥንካሬ እና የባህል እሴቶችን አወያይ ውጤት መርምረዋል።
ውጤቶች፡- ግኝቶቹ የሰው ኃይል አስተዳደር ተግባራት የሰራተኛውን አመለካከት በእጅጉ እንደሚነኩ አመልክተዋል፡፡ የስራ እርካታ (R²=.449)፣ የሰራተኛ ተሳትፎ (R2=.350) እና ድርጅታዊ ቁርጠኝነት (R²=.463)። በተጨማሪም የሰራተኞች አመለካከት በስራ አፈፃፀም ላይ ተጽዕኖ አሳድሯል (R2=.449) ምንም እንኳን የኤችአርኤም ልምዶች በስራ አፈፃፀም ላይ መጠነኛ የሆነ ቀጥተኛ ተጽእኖ ቢኖራቸውም (R2=.236) ይህ ደግሞ አመለካከቶች በሰው ኃይል አስተዳደር ተግባራት እና በስራ አፈፃፀም መካከል ያለውን ግንኙነት እንደሚያስተናግዱ ይጠቁማል። ከስራ እርካታ ጋር በተገናኘ በሰው ኃይል አስተዳደር ተግባራት እና አመለካከቶች መካከል ባለው ትስስር ላይ ድርጅታዊ ባህላዊ እሴቶች ተፅእኖ ጎልቶ የሚታይ ሲሆን የስራ እርካታ ደግሞ በአመለካከት እና በአፈፃፀም ግንኙነት ውስጥ በድርጅታዊ ባህል ተጽዕኖ ውስጥ ዋነኛው አስተሳሰብ ነው። በሰው ኃይል አስተዳደር ተግባራት እና በስራ አፈፃፀም መካከል ያለው ግንኙነት በአዎንታዊ መልኩ በጥርጣሬ መራቅ እና በአሉታዊ መልኩ በመደሰት የስራ ባህል የተስተካከለ ነው።
ውይይት፡- የሰራተኞች አመለካከት በሰው ኃይል አስተዳደር ተግባራት እና በስራ አፈፃፀም መካከል ያለውን ግንኙነት በከፊል ያስተካክላል፣ የተለያዩ ድርጅታዊ ባህላዊ እሴቶች ግንኙነታቸውን ያስተካክላሉ። ጥናቱ በእነዚህ ግንኙነቶች ላይ በጎ ወይም አሉታዊ ተጽእኖ የሚያሳድሩ ቁልፍ ድርጅታዊ ባህላዊ ሁኔታዎችን ለይቷል።
እሴት መጨመር፡- ይህ ጥናት በሰው ኃይል አስተዳደር ተግባራት፣ በአዎንታዊ አመለካከቶች እና በስራ ክንዋኔዎች መካከል ስላለው ግንኙነት እንዲሁም ድርጅታዊ ባህላዊ እሴቶች በእነዚህ ነገሮች ላይ እንዴት ተጽዕኖ እንደሚያሳድሩ ጠቃሚ መረጃዎችን ያቀርባል። በአዎንታዊ የሰራተኞች አመለካከት፣ በባህላዊ ግንዛቤ እና በትክክለኛ የኤችአርኤም አሰራር የስራ አፈጻጸምን ለማሻሻል መሰረት ይሰጣል።D.B.L.Graduate School of Business Leadershi
Sawubona: Reimagining sexual and gender diversity education in South Africa through an indigenous theoretical lens
No full textInclusive Educatio
Synthesis of deep eutectic solvent-based molecularly imprinted polymer for selective extraction of emtricitabine in aqueous solutions
No full textThe occurrence of antiretroviral (ARV) drugs in aquatic environments raises great concern due to its potential human health risks and drug resistance. The main aim of this study was to synthesize deep eutectic solvent-based molecularly imprinted polymer (DES-MIP) and apply it for the selective extraction of emtricitabine in contaminated water. The synthesis process was via bulk polymerization reaction using DES as an environmentally friendly functional monomer. Batch adsorption experiments were performed to optimize adsorption parameters such as sample pH, contact time, polymer mass and concentration of analyte in the solution. Emtricitabine was analysed using high-performance liquid chromatography equipped with a diode array detector (HPLC-DAD). The Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) results showed the presence of the fundamental functional groups in the DES-MIP which proves the successful synthesis of DES-MIP using the prepared DES. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed that the DES-MIP had a porous and rough surface compared to its corresponding non imprinted polymer (DES-NIP) which had a smooth surface. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed that both the DES-MIP and DES-NIP had a good thermal stability with the main thermal decomposition rate occurring at 343 ℃. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed that the DES-MIP was amorphous and the DES-MIP had a maximum adsorption capacity of 4,649 mg/g. DES-MIP exhibited high selectivity for emtricitabine in the presence of competing compounds with extraction.
Another MIP was also synthesized using 2-vinylpyridine and its performance was compared with DES-MIP. The SEM analysis showed that there was no difference in morphology between the MIP and NIP. The MIP and NIP were thermally stable and started to decompose at 260 ℃.
The extraction efficiency of this adsorbent was above 80% with a distribution coefficient of 1.62. The application of MIP in environmental spiked water samples revealed that the
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adsorption capacities for the river water, influent and effluent were 4.75, 4.65, and 4.71 mg/g, respectively. The extraction efficiency of emtricitabine was above 80% compared to competing competitors which had extraction efficiencies below 60%. The MIP could be reused for 5 times without losing its effectiveness. Both the DES-MIP and MIP were effective in adsorbing emtricitabine from aquatic environments. However, the MIP synthesised using 2-vinylpyridine had better extraction performance and had more affinity for emtricitabine compared to the DES-MIP. In conclusion, both DES-MIP and MIP exhibited excellent extraction efficiencies, thus demonstrating their promising potential to effectively and efficiently adsorb emtricitabine in contaminated water.M. Sc. (Chemistry)Chemistr
Exploring the role of language in gender disparity in Tshivenda: a survey of Vuwani community
No full textAbstract and text in EnglishThis study aims to explore the role of language in perpetuating gender disparities within the Vuwani community. Women in the Vuwani community seem not to be regarded equally to men as far as language is concerned; rather, they are seen as men's dependents and do not have equal status, and this puts women at a disadvantage. Therefore, it is important to carry out the current study so that the next generation, particularly young boys in the community of Vuwani, will not use derogatory language when referring to women. Women form part of a big community in Vuwani, and thus, they are important, and they should be treated equally to men. To explore the objectives of the study, a qualitative approach was adopted to better understand the phenomenon of exploring the role of language in gender disparity in the Vuwani community. This study was grounded in the interpretivist paradigm, which seeks to understand social phenomena through the subjective experiences and meanings individuals attach to them. In addition, the study purposively selected 36 participants from Vuwani. To ensure the representativeness of the sample selected in this study, purposive sampling, snowball sampling and convenience sampling procedures were adopted. Face-to-face, semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. In addition, the data was analysed thematically. In order to serve the interest of this study, theoretical frameworks that were used to underpin this study are speech act theory, masculinity theory and feminism theory. The currently conducted study's findings showed that there are derogatory words that reflect gender imbalance when compared to women. If a man and a woman are in the same circumstances, they are unlikely to be compared in terms of terminology. The results also highlight how male dominance has historically been perpetuated by proverbs. In addition, the findings revealed that there is a disadvantage to using derogatory words that show gender disparity. Moreover, it was discovered that Vhavenḓa women are the victims of gender-based violence, which they attribute to the usage of derogatory remarks towards them. The study recommends that the concept of gender-based violence be re-addressed because some people believe that it only involves physical abuse, despite the fact that labelling someone with insulting words is also considered gender-based violence.D. Phil. (Languages, Linguistics and Literature)Linguistics and Modern Language
Home and memory in experimental animation : a practice-led study within expanded cinema theory
No full textThis practice-led study investigates the extent to which expanded cinema practices, which focus on materiality, multisensory engagement, and spatial experience, can be used in experimental animation to enhance the exploration of home and memory in the digital era. The key theoretical approaches employed in this study are located within the fields of expanded cinema theory and human geography. The concept of home is informed by the theories of Alison Blunt and Robyn Dowling, as well as Doreen Massey. With regards to memory, specific attention is given to home and trauma and home and nostalgia. In this regard, the study is informed by Gaston Bachelard and Svetlana Boym. The expanded cinema framework draws from early expanded cinema authors such as Gene Youngblood. These early understandings of cinematic space and the experience thereof are extended to include Giuliana Bruno’s view that media form technological ecologies and that the cinematic is a relational event in which experience takes place. The intersection of these frameworks lies in their shared focus on spatiality and relationality, and this study explores how these aspects can be used in experimental animation to explore the concepts of home and memory in an increasingly mediated world.
The practical aspect of this study is informed by the theoretical research as well as the critical analysis of existing artworks. Particular attention is given to the works of Sabrina Ratté, as well as Lei Lei and Thomas Sauvin, to examine how expanded cinema practices are used to explore the concepts of home and memory in the digital era. The practice follows an iterative and exploratory approach with experimentation spanning both analogue and digital cinematic forms.M. A. (Visual Arts)School of Art
Meetse a go nošetša, dithogorogo le diteng tša khemikhale ya mobu ge di dira sebopego sa seemo sa phrofaele ya methapolisimo wa matlakala ao a sagolego gabotse a mohlare wa motamati dipolaseng tše hlano go ralala le Noka ya Nwanedi, ka Limpopo
No full textAbstracts in English and Northern SothoTomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is among the edible crops with many health benefits. The health benefit is associated with the phytochemical as well as the metabolic constituents in the plant. Environmental factors influence the metabolite profile of plants including tomatoes. Although contaminated water used for irrigation has been reported to influence the growth of crops as well as the metabolite profile, to our knowledge, no work has been done to determine the impact of the Nwanedi River irrigation water on the metabolite profiles of disordered leaves of tomatoes grown in different farms. This study assessed the primary metabolites of disordered tomato leaves on five farms along the Nwanedi River. Primary metabolite profiles of disordered tomato leaves, soil from five farms along the Nwanedi River, and river sediments, were analysed using an LCMS-8040 Triple Quadrupole mass spectrometer. Physicochemical parameters of river water were determined, and metal content in river water, sediment and soil were measured using ICP-OES. Correlation was used to assess the influence of metals on tomato metabolite perturbation. The disordered leaves exhibited a high content of 4-hydroxyproline, across all farms. Al, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Mg in soil, and Sb in sediment samples correlated positively with valine and acetylcholine in the disordered leaves. Water pH, EC, TDS, and salinity negatively correlated with hypoxanthine in the disordered leaves. The abundance of the common metabolites present in the disordered leaves across the farms and the correlations between leaf metabolites and the heavy metal/physicochemical parameters in the environment could indicate mitigation and adaptation mechanisms of the disordered leaves.Tamati (Solanum lycopersicum) ke ye nngwe ya dibjalo tše di jewago tše di nago le mehola ye mentši ya maphelo. Mehola ya maphelo e amana le faethokhemikhale gammogo le dikagare tša methapolisemo ka semeleng. Mabaka a tikologo a huetša phrofaele ya dimela ya methapolaete go akaretšwa ditamati. Le ge e le gore meetse ao a šilafetšego ao a šomišwago go nošetša go begilwe gore a huetša kgolo ya dimela gammogo le phrofaele ya tšona ya methapolaete, go ya ka tsebo ya rena, ga go mošomo wo o dirilwego go tseba seabe sa meetse a go nošetša go tšwa ka Nokeng ya Nwanedi, ka Limpopo, go diphrofaele tša methapolaete tša matlakala ao a sa golego gabotse a mohlare wa tamati wo o bjetšwego dipolaseng tše di fapanego. Dinyakišišo tše di sekasekile dimethapolaete tše bohlokwa tša matlakala ao a sa golego gabotse a mohlare wa motamati dipolaseng tše hlano go ralala le Noka ya Nwanedi. Diphrofaele tše bohlokwa tša methapolaete tša matlakala ao a sa golego gabotse a motamati, mobu go tšwa ka dipolaseng tše hlano go ralala le Noka ya Nwanedi le dithogorogo tša noka di ile tša sekasekwa ka go šomiša sepekthrometara sa mase sa LCMS-8040 Triple Quadrupole. Mahlakore a fisiokhemikhale ya meets a noka di ile tša tsebja gomme dikagare tša metale ka meetseng a ka nokeng, dithogorogo le mobu di ile tša elwa ka go šomiša pholasma ye e kopantšwego tekodišišo – sepekthrosekopi sa tšweletšo ya elektromakenete. Kamano e hweditšwe go sekaseka khuetšo ya dimetale go phaphogo ya dimethapolaete. Matlakala ao a sa golego gabotse a tšweleditše diteng tša godimo tša 4-hydroxyproline, go ralala le dipolasa ka moka. Dikarolo tša dikhemikhale tša Al, Cd, Cu, Pb, le Mg ka mobung, ka go Sb ka disampoleng tša dithogorogo di sepelelane gabotse kudu le valine le acetylcholine ka matlakaleng ao a sa golego gabotse. pH ya meetse, kamano ya elekthriki, palomoka ya dithata tše di nweletšego le go ba le letswai di ile tša ama gampe hypoxanthine ka matlakaleng ao a sa golego gabotse. Bontši bja dimethapolaete tša tlwaelo tše di lego gona ka matlakaleng ao a sa golego gabotse go ralala le dipolasa tše le dikamano magareng ga dimethapolaete tša matlakala le dimetale tše boima/mathoko a fisiokhemikhale di ka laetša phokotšego le tlwaelo ya mekgwa matlakala ao a sa golego gabotse.M. Sc. (Agriculture)Agriculture, Animal Health and Human Ecolog
English first additional language teachers’ experiences of grade 5 learners' reading competencies in the Malamulele central circuit
No full textText in English with summaries in Tsonga and VendaThis study investigated the experiences of English First Additional Language (EFAL) teachers regarding the reading competencies of Grade 5 learners in the Malamulele Central Circuit, Vhembe East District. The qualitative case study approach included six EFAL teachers who were purposefully selected from three public primary schools. The research study was guided by Schema Theory combined with an interpretivist perspective. Semi-structured interviews and classroom observations were conducted to gain a deeper understanding of the dynamics of teaching and learning EFAL reading competencies. Data transcription, coding, and thematic analysis were conducted to identify the primary patterns and insights from the teachers' experiences. The study revealed that the use of sensory images in pre-reading activities by teachers improved learners' understanding and facilitated the development of schematic knowledge, connecting prior knowledge with what was read. However, the study found that the use of pictures, images, and videos was sporadic, and the reading activities involving questioning and reading aloud were found to be ineffective. Therefore, the majority of learners showed difficulty in activating prior knowledge and reading for meaning. It was also highlighted that some teachers lacked sufficient knowledge of the reading process in EFAL, thereby limiting their ability to guide learners in demonstrating their understanding through strategies such as role-playing, summarising, and dramatising, among others. Because of these, the study recommends quarterly EFAL knowledge-sharing meetings for teachers, the better use of reading lesson time during school hours, and support from the District Office, Circuit office, School Management Teams (SMTs), schools, and even parents to help learners gain better skills in reading comprehension.Ndzavisiso lowu wu kambisile leswi vadyondzisi va (English First Additional Language – EFAL) va swi kumeke eka vuswikoti bya ku hlaya bya vana va Grade 5 eMalamulele Central Circuit, Vhembe East District. Ndzavisiso lowu wu landzelerile ndlela ya qualitative case study naswona wu katsa vadyodzisi va tsevu va EFAL lava
hlawuriweke hi xikongomelo eka swikolo swi nharhu swa dyondzo yale hansi. Ndzavisiso lowu wu vekiwe ehansi ka Schema Theory wu tihle wu hlanganisiwas na ku vona kuya hi interpretivism. Ku tirhisiwe swivutiso leswi nga riki exivoneneni (semi structured interviews) swin’we ni ku languteka ka ntirho wa klasi (Observation) ku kuma ku twisisa lokukulu hi leswi humelelaka eku dyondziseni ni le ku dyondzeni ka vuswikoti bya ku hlaya eka EFAL. Ku humelerile ku tsariwa ka rungula, ku hlawuleka ka swona (coding), ni ku kambisisiwa hi tindzimana (thematic analysis) ku komba mavekelo ni ku twisisa loku humaka eka swilo leswi vadyondzisi va swi voneke no switiva kuya hi vona. Ndzavisiso wu paluxe leswaku ku tirhisa swifaniso swa mavonelo hi ku tshama (sensory images) eka mintirho ya ku hlaya yo rhanga swi antswise ku
twisisa ka vana ni ku aka vutivi byo fambelana ni leswi va nga swi tiva emahlweni leswaku va kota ku swi hlanganisa ni leswi va swi hlayaka. Hambiswiritano, ndzavisiso wu kumile leswaku ku tirhisa swifaniso, tifoto, ni tivhidiyo a swi endliwi nkarhi hinkwawo, naswona mintirho ya ku hlaya leyi katsaka ku vutisa swivutiso ni ku hlaya hi rito a swi nga tisi mihandzu. Hikokwalaho, vadyondzi vo tala va kombise ku tikeriwa eku pfuxeni ka vutivi lebyi va nga na byona emahlweni ni ku hlaya hi xikongomelo xo twisisa leswi va swi hlayaka. Ku ve ni ku vonaka leswaku vadyondzisi van’wana a va nga ri na vutivi byo ringanela mayelana ni ku mahlayelo lawa ya vekiweke eka EFAL, lexi endleke leswaku va tsandzeka ku dyondzisa vana leswaku va kombisa ku twisisa ka vona hi tindlela to fana na ku dyondza hi mintlangu (role-playing), ku katsakanya mhaka hi marito ya vona (summarizing), ni ku endla ntlangu wa mhaka (dramatizing), exikarhi ka swin’wana. Hikokwalaho, ndzavisiso wu ringanyeta leswaku ku va ni nhlangano nhweti nharhu kumbe kotara ya ku avelana vutivi bya EFAL exikarhi ka vadyodzisi, ku tirhisa kahle nkarhi lowu vekiweke wa ku hlaya hi nkarhi wa xikolo, ni seketeriwa hi vurhangeri bya District, Circuit, vu fambisi bya xikolo (SMTs), swikolo hi xoxe, na vatswari leswaku vana va kota ku kula eka vuswikoti bya ku twisisa leswi va swi hlayaka.Ngundo heyi yo sedzulusa tshedzhemo ya vhadededzi vha luambo lwa Tshikhuwa lwa u engedza lwa u thoma maelana na vhagudiswa vha murole wa vhutanu kha liisela la vhukati la Malamulele, tshitirikini tsha Vhembe vhubvaduvha . Ngudo heyi yo vha yo dzhenelwa nga vhadededzi vhatanu na muthihi vhe vha khethiwa ubva zwikoloni zwiraru zwa mirole ya fhasi. Ngudo heyi ya kwalithetivi yo vha yo disendeka kha theory ya Schema yo tanganela na kuvhonele kwa u talutshedza maambiwa. Nyambedzano dza mbudziso dzi songo dzudzanyeaho na u sedza ha kilasini dzo itiwa tshipikwa hu u toda u pfesesa kufunzele na kugudele kwa luambo lwa Tshikhuwa lwa u engedza lwa u thoma. U nwalulwa ha mawanwa, u khouda, na u saukanya ha themathiki zwo itiwa u dzumbulula maitele na u pfesesa zwi tshi bva kha tshedzhemo ya vhadededzi. Ngudo yo dzumbulula uri u shumiswa ha zwifanyiso zwa zwipfi kha mvula tswinga ya u vhala nga vhadededzi zwo khwinifhadza kupfesesele kwa vhagudiswa na u alusa ndivho yo dzudzanyiwaho u tumekanya ndivho ya phanda nd zo vhaliwaho. Nga nwambo wa zwenezwi, ngudo yo wana uri u shumiswa ha zwifanyiso, mbonalo na dzividio a zwo nga shumiswa fhethu hothe na ndowe ndowe dza u vhala zwo wanala uri a zwo ngo bveledzisa dzi mvelelo. Honeha, vhagudiswa vhandzhi vho sumbedza u kondeliwa kha u shumisa ndivho thangeli na u vhala nga u pfesesa. Zwo dovha zwa wanala uri vhanwe vhadededzi a vha na ndivho yo fhelelaho zwi tshi elana na kha kuvhalele kha luambo lwa Tshikhuwa lwa u engedza lwa u thoma zwine zwa fhedza zwi tshi vha kundisa u eletshedza vhagudiswa kha u tamba ha u edzisa, u nweledza, na u ita litambwa zwo di sendeka kha u vhala. Nga nwambo wa hezwi, ngudo heyo i
themendela mitangano ya vhadededzi ya u kovhekana ndivho ino fariwa luthihi nga kotara, u shumiswa lwa khwine lwa tshifhinga tsha u vhala, na u tikedziwa nga ofisi yatshitiriki, ofisi ya liisela, tshigwada tsha vhulangi ha tshikolo, zwikolo na vhabebi vha tshi thusa vhana uri vha vhe na kuvhalele kwa khwine.M. Ed. (Curriculum Studies)College of Educatio