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Basic Methods for Translation of Patents
No full textThe sphere of patented inventions is constantly developing at the same time all over the world. Thus, the rapid increase in the number of patent applications requires efficient and high-quality translations patents having the force of legal documents. The role of effective translation cannot be underestimated, especially while taking into account the structural changes of the process for obtaining a patent in Latvia and other countries after their accession to the European Union, and further harmonization of all laws related to patents.
However, the aim of this article is not to provide legal and/or economical information about patents, but rather to examine some basic methods for translation of patents, as well as to give some practical examples
Faults of Modern Buildings HWAC System and Problem Solutions
No full textThe main objective of study was to formulate solutions to provide functioning of heating system in case of force majeure. The problem is particularly urgent in Latvia, and other former Soviet Union country, as in the entire in district heating and housing fund situation is similar. Many of these countries have a long heating season with cold snowy winters. Frequent things are storms in the autumn and spring, causing outage of electric power supply and heating for many thousands of households yearly.
The main threats that may cause the above situations are such as natural gas and electricity supply risks and the natural disasters affect (Latvia is unable to generate enough, to ensure electric power supply and heating all year round). All threats can be minimized by providing solutions for diversification of heating systems - it is possible to use both solar, wind energy and renewable energy resources
Exploiting Simulation in Supply Chain Management: ECLIPS Project Experience
No full textSimulation is widely used in supply chain management. For instance, it is employed to support strategic, tactical and operational decisions, to validate new methods, to demonstrate efficiency of taken decisions, and to support education and training. The paper discusses experiences in using simulation, gained within implementation of the European research project ECLIPS that addresses the state-of-the-art in supply chain management. It is aimed at minimization of total inventories through the whole supply chain, taking into account a product lifecycle from its market introduction through the maturity phase to end-of-life. In order to achieve this goal, simulation is extensively used in the ECLIPS project. In particular, it supports supply chain management processes (e.g., optimization and decision making) thus providing conditions for minimization of inventories. At the same time, simulation provides a platform for testing algorithms developed within the project, as well as allows efficient training in application of the developed methods
Application a Dolomite Waste as Filler in Expanded Clay Lightweight Concrete
No full textManufacturing of cement based building materials incorporating alternative filler, obtained as a waste from industrial process, nowadays becomes more and more actual. It could be related not only to the cheaper expenses of the production if to compare with adequate products made of conventional raw materials, but also to the efforts to improve the quality of environmental. Investigations were carried out to explore the suitability of dolomite waste as fillers in expanded clay lightweight concrete by partly substituting of conventional quartz sand.
The goal of the study is to examine expanded clay lightweight concrete mechanical and physical properties by mak-ing a comparison between traditional expanded clay lightweight concrete and units which containing different amount of dolomite waste.
Physical properties such as density, porosity and absorption were determined. Tests were also performed to determine mechanical properties. Frost resistance and durability were teste
Combining Clustering and a Decision Tree Classifier in a Forecasting Task
No full textA joint analysis of continuous (time series demand observations) and discrete (well-describing parameters) data is studied. Such data mining techniques as data collection, preprocessing, clustering analysis, and classification are considered. Upon continuous data preprocessing and clustering, images of possible sales development are constructed. A new product’s demand is searched for
using inductive decision trees built on well-describing data
Zināšanu atklāšanas sistēmas izstrāde pieprasījumu prognozēšanai
No full textKā zināms, tad apģērbu tirdzniecības bizness pārsvarā tiek balstīts uz sezonālu preču tirdzniecību, kur preces dzīves ilgums nav pārāk liels - tas var svārstīties no mēneša līdz pāris desmit mēnešiem. Tirdzniecības ķēdēs realizējamais preču daudzums, parasti, tiek plānots jau pusgadu vai deviņus mēnešus iepriekš. Tāpēc pastāv problēma, pēc iespējas precīzāk prognozēt šo nepieciešamo preču daudzumu, kas varētu tikt pieprasīts tirgū nākotnē. Pētījuma objekts ir zināšanu atklāšanas sistēma, kas nodrošina jauna produkta prognozi, balstoties uz lēmējpersonas sistēmā ievadītajiem datiem (vēsturiskā pieprasījuma perioda un jaunā produkta aprakstošajiem parametriem). Pētījuma mērķis ir izstrādāt zināšanu atklāšanas sistēmu pieprasījumu prognozēšanai, kas realizē produkta prognozēšanas uzdevumu
Modelling of Stress Intensity Factor
No full textMaterial crack modeling with continuum mechanic concepts can not display material physical degradation processes in several parts. In classic material strength theory stresses and strains are calculated proceeding from the material deformation patterns and based on the results obtained from strength formulate hypotheses. So that to introduce to continuum mechanic research of material failure, parameter fracture, and material behavior patterns must be supplemented by material failure (crack growth models). To isotropic, linear-elastic material in existing cracks crack peak area by calculation means is set the so-called stress intensity factor – K. Its numerical value is calculated by exact boundary condition material task with existing crack. Therefore, K - value depends on the design geometric parameters, crack size and orientation, as well as on load and boundary conditions. Boundary condition task’s solution should be performed by the numerical methods and after should be performed crack peak area analysis. Within last decades has been done large number of K-factor calculations for the different crack configurations and different load types. Stress intensity factors form very good basis for the formulation of fracture criteria. Crack growth occurs then when a critical state of material is reached in process zone (crack peak). New approach in the field of crack simulation will be discussed using FEM software code ANSYS v.11.0. Material strength evaluation of construction element can be obtained with material fracture mechanics concepts without crack experimental simulation.
Measurements of Nonlinear Coefficient in OS2 Optical Fiber
No full textThe nonlinear coefficient of the various optical fibers types has been experimentally and with OptSim 5.0 simulation software studied. With the help of CW SPM, P-SPM and XPM measuring methods the following parameters have been determined experimentally: nonlinear coefficient n2/Aeff and nonlinear refractive index n2; accordingly, n2/Aeff is calculated to be in the range 1.24∙10-12 - 5.26∙10-10 1/W, whereas n2 − in the range 3.38∙10-23 - 4.21∙10-20 m2/W. As seen from results the OS2 fibers have smaller variation of nonlinear coefficient values at different measurement methods in contrast to SSMF and DSF fibers. OS2 fiber n2 value stability are in the limits from 2.88∙10-20 m2/W in case of P-SMP method to 2.9∙10-21 m2/W in case of CW SMP method
Environmental Management Opportunities in Tourism Industry
No full textThis article presents a study of the introduction of environmental management practices and systems in the tourism industry to provide an answer to the environmentally sustainable tourism challenge. It describes the approach learned in replicating the approach to resorts around the world are now adopting environmental management systems (EMS) as a means of improving resource use efficiency, reducing operating costs, increasing staff involvement and guest awareness, and obtaining international recognition in the travel and tourism marketplace. This article examines the cost savings and performance improvements possibility at hotel properties that were among to adopt an EMS. Hotels and resorts around the world use large amounts of water, energy, chemicals, supplies, and disposable items. Because of this, small efficiency gains can lead to large cost savings and environmental performance improvements
The Air Exchange Rate in Multi-Storey Apartment Buildings Depending on the Floor Level
No full textThe main aim of ventilation systems in dwelling buildings is to ensure optimal comfort conditions and indoor air quality (IAQ) for inhabitants. While temperature and humidity level are crucial indicators for human comfort, CO2 concentration is significant factor for human health. Since PVC windows have got wide expansion the problems with IAQ became more urgent. The air-exchange rates in dwelling buildings commonly are calculated by the same methods irrespective of the apartment’s level. This paper is devoted to modeling of air exchange rates in multi-storey apartment buildings. A stack effect could be observed in the multi-storey buildings during the winter: the cold outdoor air infiltrates through the lower levels of building and comes out through the upper levels. When internal walls and ceilings are not airtight, in addition to heat circulation, CO2 circulation from building’s lower levels to upper levels is also taking place. In such case the calculation methods of air-exchange rate should differ for upper and lower building’s levels. The paper provides the results of monitoring of the IAQ features in multi-storey dwelling buildings paying particular attention to the influence of building’s level on IAQ parameters. On the basis of the measurement results the simulation of air-exchange rates for different building level was done