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Economic Modelling of CHP Potential in Energy Supply System of Latvia = Koģenerācijas potenciāla ekonomiskā modelēšana Latvijas energoapgādes sistēmā
No full textLatvian energy system has one of the highest penetration rate of district heating, and one of
the lowest share of domestic electricity production among countries of EU. Therefore, use of
CHP in district heating to decrease dependence on imported electricity and fuel as well as to
minimise the environmental impact of heat and power supply is feasible solution that has to
be promoted. The main target of the work was to continue investigation of potential heat loads
of district heating available for CHP plants, selection of appropriate CHP technologies
corresponding to the size of the district heating systems and available fuel, and creation of
model where electricity prices from the studied CHP plants could be determined. Studies of
CHP potential, based on actual fuel consumption in nearly all Latvian district heating systems
with Winter maximum heat load exceeding 1 MW was done and the results are presented in
this work. These results allowed to evaluate an amount of heat and electricity which could be
potentially produced in Latvia by CHP plants, and corresponding saving of primary energy
resources compared to separate heat and power production. Furthermore, the calculated
savings of primary energy resources made it possible to estimate potential reduction of
environmental impact when CHP production is compared with separate heat and power
production. This reduction of environmental impact is expressed in tons of CO2, NOx and SOx
eliminated by CHP, and corresponding monetary value of this reduction is found by looking
at CO2 prices in emission trade market and estimates of externalities of these pollutants. With
help of the model of economic calculations, investment needed to exploit the studied CHP
potential is calculated, and prices of produced electricity by various CHP technologies are
calculated. The calculation includes also fuel price forecast in order to compare prices of CHP
electricity with forecast of general electricity price level during time period of up to 2020. The
fuels that are considered to be used by analysed CHP systems are natural gas, wood and coal.
Thus, the economic calculation model helps to find the optimum scenario for utilisation of
CHP potential in Latvia during the considered time period with target condition that the
weighted average electricity price from CHP plants is kept at minimum
Geological Carbon Dioxides (CO2) Sequestration - a Tool for Emissions Reduction in Latvian Energy Sector = Oglekļa dioksīda (CO2) emisiju ģeoloģiskā noglabāšana - efektīvs instruments emisiju samazinājumam Latvijas enerģētikas sektorā
No full textModelling of Pellet Stoves for Dynamic Simulation of System and Estimation of Environmental Performances = Granulu izmantojošo krāšņu modelēšana sistēmas dinamiskas simulēšanas un vides procesu novērtēšanas veikšanai
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