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Income Inequality in European Union
No full textThe greater are differences between members of society in terms of income, the greater inequality of income exists. And that forms also more marked differences in parameters, characterizing people’s quality of life.
Aim of research – evaluate differences in income and social and economical situation in EU
Monopolizācijas process mūsdienu ekonomikā
No full textMūsdienās, komercdarbībai un tirdzniecībai strauji attīstoties, mainās vairāki priekšstati par virkni ekonomikas jautājumiem, kuri tika uzskatīti par nenoliedzamiem tirgus principiem un tā pamata darbošanās mehānismiem. Balstoties uz klasiskās A. Smita teorijas, alternatīvās Dž. Keinsa pieejas un P. Samuelsona darbiem, ekonomikas doma attīstās tālāk, pilnveidojās kopā ar sabiedrību, konsekventi reaģējot uz katru tās pagriezienu, tieksmi uz pārmaiņām. Taču no XIX gadsimta otrās daļas līdz pat šim brīdim sabiedriskais priekšstats par pilnīga monopola stāvokli, vienu no savdabīgākiem tirgus tipiem paliek nemainīgs, to joprojām, kā arī vairāk nekā pirms simts gadiem, uzskata par koncentrētu kapitālistisku ļaunumu, kurš pircējiem nes tikai uzcenojumus un zaudējumus.
Dotā pētījuma mērķis, ņemot vērā mūsdienu ekonomikas izaicinājumus un augstāk aprakstītās tendences ir, izmantojot analītisko, statistisko, salīdzināmi – vērtējošo, nosacīti – loģisko un ekonomisko pamatrādītāju praktiskās izmantošanas metodes, veikt pētījumu par monopolizācijas procesa būtību, cēloņu izpausmi un izraisīto efektu mūsdienu uzņēmējdarbībā, kā arī noteikt ietekmes faktorus un likumsakarības, kas pastāv, monopolizācijas procesam attīstoties konkrētas valsts tautsaimniecības ietvaros.
Dotā pētījuma hipotēze ir sekojoša: mazās atvērtās ekonomikas, pie kurām attiecināma arī Latvijas Republikas nacionālā tautsaimniecība, pastāv dabiskās, konsekventu ekonomisku likumsakarību izraisītas un tirgus dalībnieku savstarpējās konkurences atbalstītas, monopolizācijas tendences, kas ir visspilgtāk novērojamas nozarēs, kuras nav pakļautas ārvalstu importa komercializētas produkcijas infiltrācijai, tādejādi veicinot monopolvaras koncentrāciju, konsekventi reducējot tirgus tipoloģiskas raksturiezīmes līdz atvasināta oligopola stāvoklim ekonomiski dabiskajā veidā.
Dotā pētījuma objekts ir Latvijas Republikas nacionālās tautsaimniecības vairākas nozares, to tirgus konjuktūra un konkurences konducēšanas īpatnības, īpaša uzmanība tiek pievērsta telekomunikāciju nozarei un mobilo sakaru tirgus ekonometriskas modelēšanas, kvantitatīvo – empīrisku saikņu atklāšanas, kā arī dotās pētījuma hipotēzes pārbaudes aspektos, kā slēgtas, importa ietekmei nepakļautas pakalpojumu sniegšanas ekonomiskās sistēmas nozares.
Dotā pētījuma priekšmets ir mobilie operatori Bite, LMT, Tele2 un „BiFri”, , „O!Karte” „Zelta Zivtiņa” priekšapmaksas kartiņas, to piedāvātie tarifu plāni, noteiktais cenu līmenis, piedāvājumu pieejamība un minēto faktoru kopas ietekme uz monopolizācijas procesa attīstību pētījuma objektā, konsekventi novedot pie empīrisko korelāciju un likumsakarību atklāšanu, analīzi un izmantošanu pētījuma gaitā izstrādātajā modelī, kura testēšana un koriģēšana tika veikta uz pieciem Latvijas nacionālās tautsaimniecības nozarēm.
Pētījuma gaitā tika pierādīta izvirzītā hipotēze, izveidots kompleksais tirgus monopolizācijas pakāpes noteikšanas kvantitatīvais modelis, kura implementēšanas laikā uz Latvijas nacionālās tautsaimniecības piecām nozarēm tika pierādīts augstāk minēta modeļa izmantošanas lietderīgums jebkurā ekonomikas sektorā. Tika konstatētas stipras, ar finanšu krīzi izraisītas, tirgus konsolidācijas tendences visās mazo ekonomiku tautsaimniecību nozarēs, it īpaši, tajās, kas nav pakļautas lieliem importa apjomiem
Comparative Evaluation of the Practical Areas of Human Resource Management in Lithuania and Latvia
No full textThe aim of the paper is to identify the significant aspects of human resource management practices. The article discusses significant aspects of human resource management practices in the context of the high performance human resource management. The authors carried out a comparative theoretical analysis of the various functional areas of human resource management practices. This paper presents the results of experts’ evaluation of human resource management in organizations of Latvia and Lithuania in terms of a set of performance enhancing human resource management practices. Based on this investigation, the authors reveal the spread of effective human resource management practices realized in Latvian and Lithuanian organizations. The directions for future researches of effective human resource management practices in Latvian and Lithuanian organizations are proposed
The Antimicrobial Action of Silver Halides in Calcium Phosphate
No full textSilver halides represent a yet unexplored avenue for imparting antimicrobial activity in calcium phosphates. Silver halide colloids were added to calcium phosphate. Concurrent melting of silver halides and crystallization of carbonated apatite.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa was more sensitive to silver iodide and silver bromide than Staphylococcus aureus. Silver iodide demonstrated greater activity than silver bromide. Both amorphous calcium phosphate and carbonated apatite displayed similar antibacterial activity when accompanied by silver halides. It is thought that amorphous calcium phosphate dissolves more readily and increases the bioavailability of the silver halide particles. Silver iodide displays a greater antibacterial response of all silver halides, with a response that is improved in a more resorbable matrix
Processing of Polymer– Baltic Amber Composite for Biotextile Fibre
No full textThe present paper discusses the microsized particles preparation technology of Baltic amber, i.e. succinite that suitable for melt incorporation into different thermoplastic polymers. The succinite particles with irregular shape and size less than 3 µm are obtained by the original three-step grinding technology. Succinite chemical composition before and after the grinding remains almostly the unchanged. The prepared succinite particles are used in the melt extrusion processing of polyamide and polyethylene terephtalate composites. Melt spinning is used for thermoplastic processing of polymer-succinite composite pellets into filament. Proposed two–step technological manufacturing process allows receiving polymer-succinite composite material and fibre filament with homogeneosly dispersed succinite. The potential use in the biotextile (external) applications is discussed
Analytical Solution for Some MHD Problems on a Flow of Conducting Liquid in the Initial Part of a Channel in the Case of Rotational Symmetry
No full textThis paper presents the analytical solution of magnetohydrodynamical (MHD) problems on a developing flow of conducting liquid in the initial part of a channel for the case, when conducting fluid flows into the channel through its wall in the presence of the rotational symmetry in the geometry of the flow. The problems are solved in Stokes and inductionless approximation, and on using integral transforms. The velocity field of the flow is analyzed numerically by means of the obtained solutions
Eddy Current Model for Non-Destructive Testing of Electrically Conducting Materials with Cylindrical Symmetry
No full textEddy current method is widely used in practice for quality testing of conducting
materials (examples include determination of electrical conductivity, thickness
of metal coatings, identification of flaws in a conducting medium). In the
present paper a semi-analytical method for solution of direct eddy current problems
for the case of a conducting medium of finite size is considered. The method is
applied to several eddy current problems with cylindrical symmetry. The following
problem is analyzed in detail. Consider a coil with alternating current located above
a conducting medium in the form of a circular cylinder (such a model can be used for
design of coin validators which are based on the estimation of electrical conductivity
of a coin). We assume that the electromagnetic field is exactly zero at a sufficiently
large distance from the coil (the distance can be chosen on the basis of the required
accuracy of the solution). The solution is constructed using the method of separation
of variables which includes two steps where numerical calculations are necessary:
(a) computation of complex eigenvalues without good inital guess for the roots and
(b) solution of a system of linear algebraic equations. Computations of the change in
impedance of the coil for different frequencies with the semi-analytical method are
in good agreement with experimental data and results of numerical simulation with
finite element method. Solution of other problems with cylindrical symmetry is also
discussed (a flaw in the form of a circular cylinder in a conducting half-space or a
plate). Such models can be used for the analysis of quality of spot welding (in case
of a volumetric flaw) and estimation of the effect of corrosion (for surface flaws)
Survey of the First Results Provided by Hydrogeological Model of Latvia
No full textIn 2010-2012, scientists of Riga technical University have developed the hydrogeological model of Latvia (LAMO). In 2013, LAMO has been applied as a tool to implement in Latvia aims laid down by the European Union Water Framework Directive for sustainable use of water resources. The set of hydrogeological maps was prepared for updating of the water management plans for the river basin districts of Gauja, Daugava, Lielupe and Venta. For aquifers, distributions of groundwater heads and infiltration flows were mapped. In the maps of heads, directions of groundwater flows and contacts of aquifers with rivers were shown. By joining information, carried by the distributions for heads and infiltration flows, the special maps were created where isolines of heads and areas of groundwater discharge, recharge and transit were shown. Numerous geological profiles were provided. The profile represents the geological stratigraphy, isolines of groundwater head and directions of groundwater flows. Groundwater flow balances were obtained for the whole Latvia and for the river basin districts
Geological Profiles as Efficient Means for Expounding Results Provided by Hydrogeological Model of Latvia
No full textIn 2010-2012, scientists of Riga Technical University (RTU) have developed the hydrogeological model (HM) of Latvia (LAMO). LAMO represents the active groundwater zone of Latvia, as the source for providing drinking water. LAMO covers the area of 475km300km and includes 27 geological layers; the plane approximation step is 500 meters. In 2013, the first practically important results have been provided by LAMO. The set of hydrogeological maps has been prepared to update the current water management plans for Latvia. For aquifers, maps of groundwater head and infiltration flow distributions have been prepared. Numerous maps for geological profiles have been obtained, because they are the most informative ones. To obtain correct maps for the profiles, it was necessary to develop a new interpolation method accounting for different comportment of the isolines within aquifers and aquitards of LAMO. Customary methods of making the isoline distributions for profiles result in wrong designs due to ignorance of this unlikeness. Theory of the proposed interpolation method is considered and results of its practical appliance are reviewed