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Assessing the Usefulness of Assurance Cases: Experience With the Large Hadron Collider
Full text linkAssurance cases (ACs) are structured arguments designed to show that a system is sufficiently reliable to function properly in its operational environment. They are mandated by safety standards and are largely used in industry to support risk management for systems; however, ACs often contain proprietary information and are not publicly available. Therefore, the benefits of AC development are usually not rigorously documented, measured, or assessed. In this paper, we empirically evaluate the effectiveness of using ACs to show that a system is reliable using a case study over the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) Machine Protection System (MPS). We used open-source documentation to create an AC over the MPS and used the Eliminative Argumentation (EA) methodology for its development. The development involved four authors with considerable experience in AC development, three of whom work for Critical System Labs, a small enterprise specializing in ACs. Our findings show that (a) the cost and time required to develop our AC is negligible compared to the effort needed to develop the system, and (b) EA helped identify defeaters (i.e., doubts in the system's reliability) that were not detailed in the documentation used for creation of the AC
"Un grand voix". Wilson and French Socialism Between the Great War and its Aftermath
No full textIn a 1959 book that has become a seminal study of the reaction of European political actors facing Wilsonianism, Arno J. Mayer examined the conduct of the French Socialist Party, the SFIO (French Section of the Workers’ International), during the various phases of Wilson’s political and diplomatic actions. Mayer identified the year between the dissemination of the Fourteen Points and the beginning of the Paris Peace Conference as the high point of Wilsonianism’s influence on the European political panoram
Conditionally Partially Exchangeable Partitions for Dynamic Networks
No full textIn network analysis, understanding the dynamics of evolving networks is often of paramount importance. We introduce and study a novel class of models to detect evolving communities underlying dynamic network data. The methods build upon the established literature on stochastic block models and extend it to accommodate temporal evolution. The cornerstone of our approach is the interplay of random partitions induced by hierarchical normalized completely random measures and the assumption of conditional partial exchangeability, a recently introduced modeling principle for capturing the dynamic of evolving partitions within a Bayesian framework. Our methodology effectively addresses the limitations inherent in traditional static community detection methods, and in contrast with other dynamic extensions of the classical stochastic block models, provides flexibility and built-in uncertainty quantification, while inducing a form of distributional invariance coherent with a time-evolving clustering scheme
Smartwatch data from non-competitive athletes during the GiroE-2024 e-bike multi-stage race
Full text linkThis article presented the data collected with 9 Garmin Fēnix® 7 - Standard Edition smartwatches during the GiroE-2024. GiroE is an annual e-bike event that runs concurrently with the Giro d'Italia, one of the most prestigious and challenging road cycling races worldwide. Participants ride along selected stages of the Giro d'Italia route, enjoying the same terrains and atmosphere on pedal-assisted bicycles.
The data was collected with an ad-hoc application installed on each smartwatch, purposely developed to log raw data from all available sensors at the maximum sampling frequency possible. The resulting dataset contains raw data from location sensor (based on global navigation satellite system GNSS), heart rate sensor (using photoplethysmography -PPG- and taking advantage from the Garmin Elevate proprietary technology), barometric altimeter, digital compass, tri-axial accelerometer, and thermometer.
The data was collected during the programme ‘Strengthening of research structures and creation of national R&D champions on certain Key Enabling Technologies’ by the ‘National Centre for Sustainable Mobility', Spoke N° 5 - ‘Light Vehicle and Active Mobility’, funded by the Italian Ministry of University and Research with European Union “Next Generation EU” funds.
Therefore, the dataset presented in this article provides raw data supporting research on cyclist behaviour, road conditions, and heart rate modelling. It could be useful in assessing smartwatch data integration and can provide a ground truth for clinical trials made in similar conditions, acting as a “normal” condition for further reference
Multipolarity in the Post-War Film Industries: An Introduction
No full textIn this article, based on the evidence brought by TRAFFIC - Tracing American and Foreign Funds in Italian Cinema (1945-1962), a research project we were involved in the last few years and focused on the Italian case, we advance a set of methodological and operational hypotheses for the study of international relations in post-war cinema, developed in dialogue with the contributions collected in this issue. Our central claim is that a multipolar model of productive, distributive, and cultural relations was in place, in the years surrounding the Second World War, with timelines and durations that varied across geographical contexts and in relation to the specific challenges faced by different film industries. This model places under strain a fixed conception of centre-periphery relations, already questioned in transnational approaches to European cinema, as well as a monolithic understanding of the cultural and industrial dominance of American cinema, which nevertheless remained the key reference point in the global system.
After having summarized the scientific discussion on transnational cinemas to determine which elements can be retained and what new tools are needed to outline and study what we consider a multipolar system, in the following section we delve into the Italian case, focusing particularly on the trade association ANICA. During the post-war period, ANICA was structured as an interface between different systems, managing current practices such as export and co-production instructions and film credit guarantees, as well as strategic actions such as defining agreements and conducting periodic revisions. Two specific examples relating to the definition of exchange and co-production agreements with the film industries of Mexico and Yugoslavia illustrate ANICA’s concrete functioning in relation to other national and foreign entities, including public and private stakeholders. Finally, we reflect on the concept of borders as a key element in the relationship between film systems and infrastructures
La ex colonia Dalmine a Castione della Presolana: per una rinnovata visione di abitabilità della montagna
No full textProponendo la Colonia Alpina Dalmine come caso di studio, questo modulo della ricerca indaga su strumenti analitici e metodi operativi per una comprensione complessiva del significato di questi luoghi caratterizzanti, fornendo in questo modo la base necessaria per un processo responsabile di co-design orientato al progetto della cura del territorio e alla rigenerazione urbana.
Per individuare il significato molteplice di un luogo come la Colonia Alpina lo studio propone un metodo di ricerca che parte da un punto di vista morfologico, considerando in particolare il rapporto tra spazio geografico e sviluppo culturale.
Lo studio è basato su tre diverse letture del luogo, inteso come spazio concreto realizzato nella forma architettonica della Colonia Alpina: una lettura storica, una lettura tipologica e una lettura costruttiva. Sono letture sovrapposte che indagano una serie di aspetti intrecciati: il tema della forma a sé stante e la sua articolazione costruttiva, le relazioni concrete con la forma del paesaggio e il posizionamento della forma nello sviluppo culturale del Novecento
Fame as an Illusion of Creativity: Evidence from Pioneers of Abstract Art
No full textWe disentangle two social structural views of fame: whether social structure influences fame directly or through the mechanism of creativity. We test these views in a significant empirical context: 90 pioneers of the early 20th century (1910–25) abstract art movement. Across two different types of ties, we find that social structure shapes fame directly rather than through the mechanism of enhanced creativity. Within the social structure of informal ties, an artist with greater structural and compositional diversity among her peers is likely to be more famous. Within the social structure of co-exhibition ties, an artist who is a part of a tight-knit clique is likely to be more famous. Across both types of ties, the effect of social structure is not associated with the artist’s creativity, which we measured using both subjective expert evaluations and an objective machine learning method. Rather, we argue that an artist with more nationally diverse peers had a creative identity that garnered more fame
Development of a multi-parametric brain MRI processing pipeline for the quantitative assessment of cerebral alterations in COVID-19 and beyond
No full textLa sussidiarietà di fronte alle sfide dell’abitabilità: modelli di partenariato pubblico-privato
No full textNel contributo, dopo breve excursus a proposito del principio di sussidiarietà nell'ordinamento interno, si delineano possibili modelli di governance condivisa di beni comuni del territorio montano preso in considerazione, alla luce della normativa vigente.The essay, after a brief excursus on the principle of subsidiarity in domestic law, outlines possible models of shared governance of common goods in the mountain area under consideration, in light of current legislation