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Linea guida per la valutazione dell'impatto sociale della rimanifattura
No full textIl testo propone linee guida per la valutazione dell’impatto sociale della rimanifattura all’interno dei modelli di economia circolare. Attraverso l’analisi della letteratura e il contributo della community industriale ASAP, il lavoro identifica dimensioni, indicatori e pratiche utili per misurare gli effetti sociali delle strategie di remanufacturing nelle imprese manifatturiere
‘Other’ gender in India: An Analysis of 2011 Census Data
No full textIn spite of human rights protection given to the “other-gender” population (transgender) worldwide, they still constitute a deserted community which faces a significant occupational challenges around the world. In India, the other-gender community encompasses individuals with a variety of gender identities forming a culturally unique gender group. Although they have always remained an integral part of the society from
the very ancient time, unfortunately their existence is grappling with abject poverty, illiteracy, hatred and mockery. Such stigmatisation and segregation from society have left them to compromise with the employment opportunities available. This paper used the data on ‘other-gender’ released by Census of India for the first time. The 2011 Indian Census reported approximately 4,87,803 individuals belonging to the other-gender category in the country. This data demonstrate that the other-gender community exhibits lower level of literacy and labour force participation when compared with the general population. In this paper, we endeavour to conceptualize these findings and engage in a discussion of the inherent limitations of the data.
Keywords: Census, other-gender, third-gender sexual rights, education, employment
Assumptions, Disagreement, and Overprecision: Theory and Evidence
No full textConstructing beliefs about the world usually requires simplifying assumptions. We analyze the beliefs of agents who make reasonable assumptions to model a complex situation and who make predictions conditional on those assumptions. Our theory identifies tight connections between model uncertainty (the extent to which different models lead to different predictions), overprecision (too-small variance estimates), and interpersonal disagreement (variance in mean predictions). We test these predictions in an experiment in which participants view a scatterplot and report mean and variance estimates for out-of-sample predictions. Consistent with our theory, different people focus on different plausible models but provide reasonable estimates of uncertainty conditional on their model. As a result, model uncertainty increases both overprecision and disagreement. Outside of the lab, we find similar evidence in the Survey of Professional Forecasters, including that overprecision positively covaries with disagreement
Trade exposure, immigrants, and workplace injuries
No full textWe study the effects of globalization on workplace accidents in the Italian manufacturing sector from 2008 to 2019. We focus on the local intensity of import exposure to China and the share of foreign-born residents. To address potential endogeneity, we instrument import competition using that of other high-income countries and immigration exposure with historical conational settlements. We find that increased import competition worsens workplace safety, especially in provinces with low population density, strong transport networks, limited outside options, and many small firms. The effect is stronger in areas with below-median immigrant shares, suggesting foreign workers may buffer its adverse impact
Future-Proofing Production and Operations Management Education: An IFIP WG5.7 Benchmarking Study
No full textKongsberg Defence & Aerospace – a Norwegian multinational company that develops and delivers innovative technologies to safeguard people and critical infrastructure – is experiencing a fast-growing order backlog and a growing need for production managers to ensure efficient, high-quality and competitive production processes in its factories around the world. Recognizing this need, and through the establishment of a professorship in production management at the University of South-Eastern Norway, the company is seeking to establish a world class education program in production and operations management to develop and strengthen education in the field. As such, this paper sets out to benchmark production and operations management programs across the member institutions of the IFIP working group 5.7: Advances in Production Management Systems. We analyze both bachelor and master programs in the fields of engineering and management from 16 institutions spanning twelve different countries: Norway, the Netherlands, Mexico, Italy, Brazil, France, Denmark, Sweden, Switzerland, Australia, the UK and the USA. We also present the findings of an industrial focus group initiative in which participants considered the results of the global benchmarking study and identified areas for development based on gaps in the current offerings. The findings can be used by member institutions to help navigate current and future geopolitical challenges
On the Impact of the Off-Design Operating Condition on the Thermal Performance of Rotor Platform Cooling
Full text linkIn the present work, off-design operating condition is considered to be the ability of the
turbine to operate down to 50% to 20% of its nominal intake air flow rate. An important
consequence of these off-design points is the change in the inlet incidence angle, which
varied from nominal to −20◦. Tests were performed on a seven-blade rotor cascade with
platform cooling through an upstream slot simulating the stator-to-rotor interface gap. To
model the impact of rotation on purge flow injection, a set of fins were installed inside
the slot to give the coolant flow a tangential direction. Different cascades’ off-design
operating conditions were tested, covering downstream velocity values up to Ma2is = 0.55,
with two inlet turbulence intensity levels of 0.6% a and 7%. A thermal measurement
campaign was conducted with the Thermochromic Liquid Crystal technique to measure
the adiabatic film cooling effectiveness at various coolant-to-main-flow mass flow ratios,
different incidence angles, mainstream Mach numbers, and turbulence levels. The results
describe the complexity of the turbine operating under off-design operating conditions,
relating the improvement in the platform thermal protection to the reduced secondaryflows
activity induced by negative incidence
The Manosphere: A Case of Mimetic Resentment
No full textThe online world is witnessing the growing influence of the Manosphere, a stratification of groups, networks, and content across various platforms. This term refers to a community of men who express frustration over their existential, professional, or social failures, often blaming cultures and movements that challenge traditional male power, while resorting to a new configuration of the scapegoat mechanism. In this context, the present paper aims to apply René Girard's theory to analyze the mimetic dynamics within the Manosphere. Specifically, the thematization of mimetic resentment—an emotion of frustration arising from the inability to gain social recognition by imitating the established model of the successful and dominant male—helps to uncover the deeper meanings behind this widespread online phenomenon
Evaporation of droplets on inclined biphilic surfaces
No full textThe evaporation of droplets on biphilic surfaces inclined at angles of 0°, 45°, 90°, 135°, and 180°, is studied experimentally. The fastest evaporation was observed for droplets on vertical surfaces, and the slowest was observed for sessile droplets on surfaces inclined at an angle of 45°. A pendant droplet evaporating on a surface at an angle of 180° had the highest temperature. Numerical and analytical/numerical models are applied to the analysis of the experimental data. The first is based on ANSYS Fluent, while the second is based on the earlier developed variable density model. Function Φ, used in the second model, is inferred from the numerical solution of the Laplace equation by COMSOL Multiphysics. The numerical model can take into account or ignore the effect of natural convection on droplet evaporation. This effect is ignored in the analytical/numerical model. The predictions of the numerical model are shown to be reasonably close to the experimental data. A very small difference between the results predicted by the numerical and analytical/numerical models in the absence of gravity is considered to be a verification of both models. It is shown that the evaporation rates of the droplets on inclined surfaces are mainly controlled by the re-direction of the flow around them driven by natural convection and not by their deformation and changes in their surface areas
Entry Rules and Fairness in Regulated Professions: a Quasi-Experimental Study of a Bar Exam Reform
No full textOccupational licensing at the local market level often coexists with labor mobility across local markets. This study examines the legal profession, specifically how a district-specific bar exam impacts occupational licensing and labor mobility across districts. Licensing regulation brings unintended consequences: extreme heterogeneity across districts in licensing exam difficulty, unfair admission procedures, and inefficient mobility of exam candidates and workers. We leverage a policy change in the grading procedure of the exam, transitioning from grading within the local district to grading in a randomly assigned different district, and find that exam fairness is substantially restored following this reform. A theoretical model of occupational licensing, labor mobility, and strategic interaction among licensing boards supports our findings. This study provides the first evidence of regulatory competition driven by such interactions. Understanding how to regulate these uneven standards in bar exams can help inform the regulation of other professions where fairness and efficiency in professional licensure are critical issues