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The (Un)Conscious Learner: How Meta‐Awareness Influences Self‐Regulated Learning and Mitigates Task‐Unrelated Thoughts
No full textThis theoretical article examines the relationship between self-regulated learning and task-unrelated thoughts (TUTs) through the lens of metacognition. Grounded in Winne's COPES (conditions, operations, products, evaluations, and standards) model of self-regulated learning, we propose an interaction model emphasizing metacognitive monitoring and control. This model suggests the metacognitive cycle inherent to self-regulated learning can increase meta-awareness and mitigate prolonged experiences of TUTs. Learners can potentially redirect their focus by engaging in iterative cycles of metacognitive monitoring and control when thoughts inevitably drift toward TUTs. Foundational concepts explored include metacognition, meta-awareness, and the COPES facets. By synthesizing theoretical connections, processes are proposed through which learners’ self-regulatory capacities may influence TUT experiences via enhanced meta-awareness. This lays the groundwork to guide future inquiries on self-regulation dynamics underlying effective learning. Empirical research is recommended to investigate the viability of this theorized mechanism linking self-regulation processes to experiences of TUT and research agendas following from this theoretical framework are outlined.Daniel Ebbert, Caitlin Mills, Philip H. Winne, Natasha Wilson, Negin Mirriahi, Srecko Joksimovic, Shane Dawson
Self-Adaptive Electrode with an Engineered Catalyst-Substrate Interface for Ampere-Level Water Splitting
No full textDuring water electrolysis, overpotential can trigger side reactions that lead to electrode degradation. This issue becomes more pronounced in ampere-level electrolyzers, where intense bubble evolution induces local electrochemical overloading, resulting in elevated local overpotentials. Moreover, stress fluctuations arising from intense bubble evolution impose delamination forces on the overpotential-damaged catalyst layer, thereby further exacerbating electrode degradation. To address these coupled issues, we developed a self-adaptive electrode featuring an engineered catalyst−substrate interface. This self-adaptivity allows the catalyst layer to rapidly modulate its state in response to the elevated overpotential, thereby maintaining a stable performance. Meanwhile, the engineered catalyst−substrate interface suppresses catalyst layer delamination, ensuring structural stability. At the molecular level, such a self-adaptive transformation arises from a locally disordered coordination environment, in which Ni centers are coordinated by different ligands. Beyond self-adaptivity, this locally disordered coordination environment also endows the catalyst layer with superior bifunctional activity toward overall water splitting, surpassing that of conventionally ordered Ni−O−M or Ni−Ni configurations. As a result, the as-prepared electrode demonstrates practical potential under both intermittent and continuous operation, sustaining a stable performance at 0.5 A cm−2 for up to 3000 h. Even under a higher current density of 1.5 A cm−2, considerable stability is retained.Qian Niu, Fei-Yue Gao, Xiaogang Sun, Hao Liu, Yao Zheng, Shi-Zhang Qia
School zone speed compliance in the ACT, Australia: Risks, findings and recommendations for improved safety
No full textIntroduction: Children are among the most vulnerable road users, with pedestrian injuries being a leading contributor to serious trauma and death among children. Due to their smaller physical size, less developed cognitive and perceptual skills, limited road awareness, and unpredictable behavior, children are at heightened risk in traffic environments, even in dedicated school zones with reduced speed limits. Method: This study analyzed vehicle speed distributions and compliance with posted speed limits across school zone sites near 59 schools in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT), exploring how default speed limits, road features, vehicle class, and school characteristics influenced motorist behavior. Results: School zones effectively reduced mean vehicle speeds during active periods (8 a.m. to 4 p.m. in the ACT). However, non-compliance remains a concern: 36% of vehicles exceeded the 40 km/h limit during active school zone times, with speeding more prevalent on roads with higher default limits (e.g., 60 km/h) and among light vehicles. School zones with traffic-calming infrastructure, such as narrowed lanes, pedestrian crossings, and speed humps, improved speed compliance. The study also highlights inconsistencies in school zone policies across Australian jurisdictions, particularly regarding active school zone periods and reduced speed limits. International and domestic literature informed several recommendations to improve school zone safety in the ACT, including adopting lower speed limits (ideally 30 km/h or less), extending active school zone periods to reflect child pedestrian presence, expanding trafficcalming treatments, and leveraging automated enforcement technologies. Conclusions: Current ACT schoolzone settings reduce speeds but do not reliably achieve safe operating conditions for child pedestrians. Enhancements to limits, design, and enforcement are needed to better support Safe System objectives. Practical applications: Implementing lower speed limits, harmonizing operating periods, increasing traffic-calming treatments, and applying automated enforcement can feasibly and substantially improve child safety around schools.Martin Elsegood, James Thompson, Giulio Pont
Assessing the completeness of reporting in imaging studies using artificial neural network models for cancer diagnosis: Adherence to the TRIPOD-AI guideline
No full textBackground: Developments in artificial neural networks (ANNs) offer significant promise for cancer screening and risk prediction, with the potential to improving patient outcomes. Ensuring complete and transparent reporting of study methodologies is important for ensuring model reproducibility. This review aims to evaluate the completeness of reporting of imaging studies that utilise ANN models for cancer screening and characterisation. Methods: Studies employing novel or substantively modified ANN architectures in the screening, diagnosis, or classification of neoplasms were analysed. Completeness of reporting was assessed using the TRIPOD + AI checklist. Results: The search strategy identified 1379 studies, of which 100 were included in this analysis. Across these studies, the reporting adherence to the TRIPOD-AI checklist was moderate with a mean of 69% (range 65–75%). Items relating to data processing practices, missing data management strategies, and external validation methods were infrequently reported (reported by less than 33% of studies). There was considerable heterogeneity in the reporting of model diagnostic performance metrics. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were the most reported evaluation metrics, featured in 61%, 34%, and 45% of included studies, respectively. Clinically relevant outcome measures were infrequently reported. Conclusion: The reproducibility of radiological studies using ANN-based models to screen or characterise cancer is limited by suboptimal reporting practices. Potential measures to support more complete reporting include making adherence to appropriate reporting guidelines a condition of manuscript submission and mandating code and data sharing practices. Furthermore, stronger emphasis on reporting clinically relevant outcome measures (as opposed to just statistical measures of model performance) would greatly support decision-making with respect to implementation of study findings into clinical practice.Tayser Zoubi, Samuel J. White, Shubham Tiwari, Antonios Perperidis, Minh-Son T
Serum AGP-1-Le(x) Glycoforms report on survivorship of patients with septic shock upon admission to intensive care unit
No full textSeptic shock, the excessive immune response to pathogen infection, accounts globally for ∼20% of all deaths. Current methods to establish disease severity are unacceptably slow, unspecific, and insensitive, hindering timely and effective treatment. Aiming to establish easy-to-measure glyco-signatures that may identify the most critically unwell patients, we applied comparative glycomics and glycoproteomics to sera longitudinally collected from septic shock survivors (n = 29) and nonsurvivors (n = 8). Glycomics of all 134 serum samples (sampled daily until recovery/death) revealed significant N-glycome dynamics across both patient groups. Unsupervised clustering of the serum N-glycome measured upon intensive care unit (ICU) admission (day 1) indicated survivorship-specific glyco-signatures. We therefore employed machine learning to train a random forest model using the serum N-glycome data. The model accurately classified survivorship outcomes of 35 of 37 patients (accuracy 94.6%) and correctly predicted 29 of 29 survivors (specificity 100%) and six of eight nonsurvivors (sensitivity 75%). Interrogation of the serum N-glycome data revealed that Lewis x (Lex)-type N-glycans are elevated in nonsurvivors relative to survivors at ICU admission, a finding recapitulated by glycoproteomics. Among the 58 other Lex-containing serum glycoproteins that were strongly associated with acute phase response and stress pathways, alpha-1-acid-glycoprotein (AGP-1) was identified as a principal carrier of Lex glycoepitopes with a potential to stratify septic shock survivors from nonsurvivors (AUC 0.90). This study lays a foundation for risk stratification of septic shock patients by uncovering easy-to-assay AGP-1-Lex glycoforms that identify individuals experiencing poor survival outcomes already upon ICU admission, with the potential to translate to early individualized clinical care at the bedside.The Huong Chau, Sayantani Chatterjee, Liam Caulfield, Anastasia Chernykh, Mathew Traini, Joshua Fehring, Heeyoun Hwang, Rebeca Kawahara, Emily J. Meyer, David J. Torpy, and Morten Thaysen-Anderse
Screw Placement Influence on Implant Stability and Osseointegration Potential in Revision Hip Arthroplasty Involving Acetabular Defects: A Cohort-Based Modeling Study
No full textAchieving acetabular cup stability following revision total hip arthroplasty (rTHA) involving acetabular defects is challenging. Current computational modeling approaches to investigate implant stability under physiological loading are time consuming to implement and, to date, have been based on low sample sizes across limited defect classifications. This study had two aims. First, to develop an automated rTHA simulation framework to estimate postoperative implant response to physiological loading across the range of Paprosky acetabular defects; and second, to use this framework to estimate regional implant stability and osseointegration potential of rTHA implants augmented with four different screw configurations: (i) superior fixation only (ii) superior and infero‐posterior fixation (iii) superior and infero‐anterior fixation, and (iv) superior, infero‐posterior, and infero‐anterior fixation. A modeling pipeline employing artificial neural networks and statistical shape modeling was developed to convert patient computed tomography (CT) images to finite element models for automated surgical planning and simulation of rTHA involving acetabular defects. Computed tomography images from sixty subjects were used as input to the framework resulting in 214 completed simulations. An infero‐posterior screw when used with a superior screw was associated with a significant reduction in posterior acetabular micromotion compared to using a superior screw alone (mean reduction: 129 μm, p < 0.001). Use of an infero‐posterior screw improved overall implant stability more than that of an infero‐anterior screw. The results suggest that screw holes allowing inferior fixation ought to be made standard in revision acetabular components. The findings of this study may be useful in surgical planning for rTHA.Daniel Hopkins, Stuart A. Callary, L. Bogdan Solomon, Peter V. S. Lee, David C. Acklan
Token pushback: The Australian media’s muted resistance to national security laws
No full textOnlinePublWith 96 federal counterterrorism laws, Australia surpasses nations facing greater terrorism threats, introducing unprecedented powers that challenge its legal system and democratic traditions, including press freedom. This study examines Australian media’s capacity to challenge authority and safeguard civil liberties amid expanding national security powers, focusing on Section 35P of the ASIO Act, Metadata Retention laws, and the Espionage & Foreign Interference Bill. A textual analysis of 460 news stories (2014– 2024) reveals that while initial media resistance emerged, the lack of sustained campaigns reduced efforts to tokenistic gestures. These findings hold significant implications for evaluating the Australian media’s role as democracy’s watchdog. If the media struggles to defend its own freedoms, can it protect broader civil liberties? This study challenges conventional assumptions about the media’s role in safeguarding democracy and highlights weaknesses in checks and balances, particularly as government powers expand under the guise of national security.Saira Ali, and Catherine So
Unfounded beliefs online: a socially adapted theory of planned behaviour model for misinformation adoption and spread
No full textThe spread of misinformation on social media is shaped not just by what people believe to be true, but by identity and group-based motivations. In this study, we adapt the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) to examine how social identity, perceived in-group agreement, and perceived sharing efficacy influence belief in and willingness to share misinformation targeting out-groups. A U.S. sample (N = 455) evaluated true and false stimuli, and path analysis was used to test the TPB model across multiple social groups. We use multi-group analysis to assess the roles of social factors in believing and sharing group-congruent misinformation. Perceived credibility was the strongest predictor of sharing across all groups; however, in most models, social identity and perceived in-group norms also directly predicted willingness to share, even after accounting for perceived credibility. This suggests that sharing misinformation often serves a signalling function, independent of perceived accuracy. This effect holds across a variety of social identity groups, including politics, ethnicity, religion, and sexual orientation. Sharing efficacy also predicted sharing in most cases, particularly for content that aligned with the individual’s identity. An updated model that included direct effects from identity and norms to sharing significantly improved model fit in all groups. Significant, direct pathways suggest that misinformation sharing is shaped by identity, social expectation, and perceived expressive value, rather than accuracy alone. The adapted TPB model further explores social motivations for sharing behaviours and adds to the psychological understanding of how and why misinformation spreads online.Tylor Cosgrove, Mark Bahr, Katarina Fritzo
Mediterranean Diet adherence and wellbeing: a preliminary analysis of the MedWalk trial
No full textAbstract number E95Diet and diet quality have been linked to improvements to psychosocial health and wellbeing(1). However, data from national health surveys indicate that most Australian’s have poor diet quality and consume a Western style diet high in saturated fat, discretionary foods and added sugars and salt(2). The Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet), a predominantly plant-based diet rich in bioactive foods and nutrients, has been shown to improve mood and wellbeing. However, long-term effects beyond 6-months have not been thoroughly explored in older adults. MedWalk compares a 12-month MedDiet and Walking intervention with habitual lifestyle (HabDiet) in 160 older adults residing in retirement villages across South Australia and Victoria. Data from the South Australian cohort at baseline (n = 83) and 6-months (n = 74) are presented in this preliminary analysis.E.L. Bracci, C.R. Davis, and K.J. Murph
Driving inclusion: value and meaning of golf participation for people with a disability
No full textOnlinePubl
Abstract and keywords in English and FrenchThis study explored the experiences and meaning of golf participation for people living with a disability, focussing on its contribution to health and wellbeing. Eight semistructured interviews were conducted with individuals who identified as having a disability and regularly played golf. A qualitative descriptive approach was used, and through thematic analysis, seven key themes were constructed: ‘Golf is life’, ‘Competition’, ‘Handicap on ability rather than disability’, ‘Optimising engagement and performance’, ‘Sense of belonging’, ‘Distraction and mental escape’ and ‘Evolution of golf’. Golf was described as central to life, promoting both physical and mental health through routine, connection and structured competition. Participants valued performance and highlighted the importance of inclusive and accessible environments, especially for women with disabilities. While golf was reported as generally inclusive, the study emphasizes the need for greater access and support. Findings support inclusive sport as a powerful tool for enhancing wellbeing and social inclusion in Australia.= Cette étude a exploré les expériences et la signification de la participation au golf pour des personnes en situation de handicap, en mettant l’accent sur sa contribution à la santé et au bien-être. Huit entretiens semi-dirigés ont été réalisés auprès d’individus s’identifiant comme ayant un handicap et jouant régulièrement au golf. Une approche descriptive qualitative a été utilisée et, grâce à une analyse thématique, sept thèmes clés ont été dégagés : « Le golf, c’est la vie », « Compétition », « Handicap basé sur les capacités plutôt que sur le handicap », « Optimiser l’engagement et la performance », « Sentiment d’appartenance », « Distraction et échappatoire mentale » et « Évolution du golf ». Le golf a été décrit comme central dans la vie, favorisant la santé physique et mentale par la routine, les liens sociaux et la compétition structurée. Les participants ont valorisé la performance et souligné l’importance d’environnements inclusifs et accessibles, en particulier pour les femmes en situation de handicap. Bien que le golf soit généralement considéré comme un sport inclusif, l’étude souligne la nécessité d’améliorer l’accès et le soutien. Les résultats confirment que le sport inclusif constitue un outil puissant pour améliorer le bien-être et l’inclusion sociale en Australie.Amelia Hingea, Louise Tiera, Naomi Burna and Brad J. Stenner