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When stents become plaques: in-stent neoatherosclerosis
No full textCoronary artery disease (CAD), one of the leading causes of death worldwide, arises from an accumulation of atherosclerotic plaque that restricts myocardial blood flow and results in myocardial infarction. Since the 1970s, percutaneous coronary intervention with stent implantation has transformed the management of patients with CAD by restoring perfusion and improving survival. Drug-eluting stents (DES) have largely overcome the major limitation of bare-metal stents (BMS) — namely, the high rate of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC)- driven in-stent restenosis — by releasing antiproliferative drugs that suppress excessive neointimal hyperplasia. However, late and very late stent thromboses have emerged as new challenges of DES, caused not by mechanical complications or VSMC proliferation, but by a rapid, lipid-driven atherosclerotic process within stented segments, termed in-stent neoatherosclerosis.Jiandi Liu & Christina Bursil
Investigation of the occupant thermal behavioural settings and overheating in a hot-dry climate in Australia
No full textThis paper presents the findings from a study to investigate occupant thermal behavioural settings and the criteria for potential overheating of houses in a hot-dry climate in Australia. Occupant thermal behavioural settings refer to the thresholds of the thermal conditions that trigger the occupants to take actions to achieve thermal comfort as well as the times of these occurring. Overheating is defined as the extent to which a space exceeds an upper threshold of an acceptable thermal condition. The study was conducted from June 2023 to February 2024, involving 30 households in Port Pirie, Port Augusta and Whyalla of South Australia. The methodology to calculate overheating is based on the Effective Temperature (ET*), used as the index to assess the degree of overheating, and outdoor mean monthly temperature. The results showed that the actual average cooling setpoint temperatures were lower than the assumptions in the Australian Nationwide House Energy Rating Scheme (NatHERS). Trigger point temperatures were also found to be lower than NatHERS’ assumed trigger point temperature. These results indicate that houses in this climate zone that have been rated by NatHERS could use more cooling energy than predicted. The results also showed that houses that have met the minimum star rating requirement according to NatHERS can still experience overheating when the air-conditioning is not in use. Findings from the study are expected to contribute to the improvement of the occupant behavioural settings in NatHERS and the inclusion of overheating calculations in the Australian National Construction Code.Veronica Soebarto, Terence Williamson, Mahsan Sadeghi, Dong Che
Respiratory mechanics: modelling, measurement and clinical applications-a review
No full textOnlinePublThe mechanical properties of the airways significantly impact respiration, and estimating respiratory mechanics provides important insights for diagnosing and monitoring respiratory diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Here, we review electrical equivalent models of human respiratory mechanics and derive the mathematical expressions of their impedance. We describe the necessity of transitioning from a basic single-compartment model to a multi-frequency constant-phase model to represent respiratory mechanics in both health and disease. We review the forced oscillation technique and impulse oscillometry systems, which are clinically used to measure respiratory mechanics via respiratory impedance, and examine their roles in respiratory diseases. We also describe how respiratory impedance can be interpreted using these electrical analog representations to estimate key mechanical parameters. Attention is given to the limitations arising from device-specific variability and intra- and inter-breath fluctuations, where frequency-compensation filters and modelling strategies incorporating nonlinear resistance and compliance models could enhance the robustness and standardization of impedance-based analysis.Anuva Chowdhury and Mathias Baumer
Dependency-based anomaly detection: A general framework and comprehensive evaluation
No full textAnomaly detection is crucial for identifying unusual behaviors in data, which often provide valuable insights. This paper introduces Dependency-based Anomaly Detection (DepAD), a general and modular framework that leverages variable dependencies to uncover meaningful anomalies with improved interpretability. DepAD reframes unsupervised anomaly detection as a sequence of supervised feature selection and prediction tasks, enabling users to tailor detection methods to their data and domain. We systematically evaluate 125 DepAD algorithm variants across 32 real-world datasets, combining different off-the-shelf feature selection and prediction techniques. We compare DepAD with twelve state-of-the-art anomaly detection methods and demonstrate its consistent superior performance. Furthermore, we demonstrate that DepAD provides intuitive and informative interpretations of detected anomalies, highlighting its utility in practical applications
Distributed Receding Horizon Estimation for Time Invariant Discrete Time Linear Systems Based on Substate Decomposition
No full textDate of publication 5 August 2025This paper investigates distributed receding horizon estimation (DRHE) for time-invariant discrete-time linear systems over a sensor network. The original system is decomposed into several low-dimensional subsystems, where each sensor is capable of observing only one specific subsystem. The observable substate for each node is estimated by minimizing a local cost associated with receding horizon estimation (RHE), while the prediction of unobservable substates is updated through onestep weighted fusion. A maximal directed acyclic graph (MDAG) is introduced to facilitate the construction of the weight values for fusing these predictions, which is a more general method compared to directed spanning trees. Additionally, we propose a novel algorithm for identifying an MDAG across the network. We establish sufficient stability conditions for the proposed estimator under the assumption of collective observability. Finally, a numerical example of temperature monitoring is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed method.Zenghong Huang, Zijie Chen, Yong Xu, Chang Liu, and Peng Sh
The Relationship Between Task‐Related Aperiodic EEG Activity, Neural Inefficiency and Verbal Working Memory in Younger and Older Adults
No full textPublished online 30 January 2026Working memory (WM) decline in aging may be related to increases in “neural noise”, potentially reflected in the EEG aperiodic exponent. We reanalyzed previously published data to investigate age-related differences in the aperiodic exponent during verbal WM and its relationship with neural inefficiency. EEG was recorded from 24 younger (18–35 years) and 30 older adults (50–86 years) during a modified Sternberg task with 1-letter, 3-letter, and 5-letter load conditions. Younger adults consistently demonstrated steeper aperiodic slopes than older adults. Unexpectedly, both age groups showed decreased (i.e., flattened) aperiodic exponents during retention relative to fixation, with minimal load-dependent effects. Notably, the relationship between task-related exponent changes and WM performance was complex and dependent on the exponent at fixation, particularly in older adults. Finally, flatter exponents during fixation and late retention were associated with greater neural inefficiency during stimulus processing, reflected by increased P3b amplitudes without corresponding WM performance improvements. These findings suggest that flatter exponents are associated with less efficient neural processing and that older adults flexibly modulate their aperiodic exponent during retention to support WM performance.Sabrina Sghirripa, Alannah Graziano, Mitchell Goldsworth
Private Law, Digital Assets, and Infrastructure
No full textThis book addresses perhaps the most pervasive, topical and unsettled collection of themes and questions in the contemporary legal world, subsisting in private law and emergent technologies such as digital assets, blockchain and cryptocurrency. Private law frameworks across the globe are struggling to keep pace with rapid technological developments that typify the Fourth Industrial Revolution. This sluggishness is triggering a swathe of important but unanswered practical and theoretical legal questions. These questions concern critical matters of legality, practicality, utility, appropriate regulation, and the underlying theoretical basis for state intervention. This book uniquely combines a variety of themes which have not been the subject of significant writing and which are sure to inform live discourse and regulatory efforts in the space of digital assets and infrastructure, blockchain, cryptocurrency and related emerging technologies. Private law currently finds itself at a crossroads, and governments and courts are frantically searching for guidance as to how to approach the themes and questions addressed in this book. Legal practitioners, scholars and students of the law are equally perplexed as to private law's current and future directions in this space. The book therefore offers essential perspectives that will appeal to legislators, regulators, judges, lawyers, scholars, and students alike.P.T. Babie, Mark Giancaspro (editors
Standardising socio-demographic data collection in pain research: Introducing consensus recommendations for a minimum dataset
No full textThe ‘ISSHOOs (Identifying Social factors that Stratify Health Opportunities and Outcomes) in pain research’ project has developed consensus-derived recommendations to address the inadequacy and inconsistency of sociodemographic data collection and reporting in human adult pain research. The recently published recommendations offer a highly useful, globally relevant and adaptable resource that operationalises the collection of a minimum dataset of important equity-relevant information. In this Commentary we provide a brief overview of the ISSHOOs project and the resulting recommendations – comprising Set A: the ‘minimum dataset’ and Set B: an extended dataset of optional (equity-relevant) items; and we draw attention to a separate ‘explanation and elaboration’ manuscript. We discuss the implications of routine adoption of the ISSHOOs recommendations, including limitations, implementation considerations, and the potential for both benefits and harms to be associated with their use. The overarching goal of the ISSHOOs Collaboration is to prompt a small but widespread shift in research practice that promotes research transparency, integrity and value and advances health equity for people with pain.Emma L. Karran, Aidan G. Cashin, Alessandro Chiarotto, Saurab Sharma, Trevor Barker, Mark A. Boyd, Lara J. Maxwell, Vina Mohabir, Jennifer Petkovic, Peter Tugwell, G. Lorimer Mosele
MitoQ Treatment During Pregnancy Rescues Antenatal Dexamethasone- Induced Programming of Impaired Hepatic CYP Activity in Young Adult Sheep
No full textPosterMillicent G.A Bennett, Ashley S Meakin, Kimberley J Botting, Youguo Niu, Sage G Ford, Michael P Murphy, Michael D Wiese, Dino A Giussani, Janna L Morriso
PCPro, plasma lipid biomarker, in metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC): from research to clinical implementation in the ENZAMET trial (ANZUP 1304)
No full textR. Mellor, M. Fitzpatrick, T. Scheinberg, R.M. Kim, P. Bonnitcha, D. Sullivan, H-M. Lin, I.D. Davis, A.J. Martin, P. Meikle, A.M. Joshua, M. Mcjannett, V. Subhash, S. Yip, S. North, R. McDermott, K.N. Chi, M.R. Stockler, C. Sweeney, L.G. Horvat