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A multivariable Mendelian randomization study of serum lipids and dementia risk within the UK Biobank
No full textData source: Supplementary materials, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnutbio.2025.110160
Link to a related website: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8944-7882, ORCID profile - Pham, KittyAn unfavorable lipid profile has been associated with increased risk of dementia. However, it is challenging to investigate each serum lipid measure individually due to the high correlation between the traits. We tested for genetic evidence supporting associations between serum lipid measures and risk of dementia. We conducted multivariable and univariable Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses on 329,896 UK Biobank participants (age 37–73 years) to examine the associations between low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides, apolipoprotein-A1 (ApoA1) and apolipoprotein-B (ApoB), and the risk of dementia. The multivariable approach allows us to assess the association of each lipid measure with the outcome, including where the genetic variant-exposure associations are mediated by one another. In the univariable MR analyses, we observed no association between genetically determined serum lipids and risk of dementia. However, in a multivariable MR model containing LDL-C, triglycerides, and ApoB, ApoB was associated with a higher risk of dementia (OR per 1 SD higher ApoB 1.63, 95% CI 1.12, 2.37). Multivariable findings were consistent across IVWMR and MR-Egger, but not weighted median MR or MR-Lasso. HDL-C and ApoA1 were not associated with dementia in univariable or multivariable MR. Our findings suggest that when considering the correlation between lipid measures, ApoB may play a role in the previously reported association between serum lipids and increased risk of dementia. Future studies should aim to confirm the findings in clinical/experimental studies and further explore the role of ApoB in dementia pathophysiology
In vivo 4D x-ray dark-field lung imaging in mice
No full textDate of Publication: 04 August 2025X-ray dark-field imaging is well-suited to visualizing the health of the lungs because the alveoli create a strong dark-field signal. However, time-resolved and tomographic (i.e., 4D) dark-field imaging is challenging, since most x-ray dark-field techniques require multiple sample exposures, captured while scanning the position of crystals or gratings. Here, we present the first in vivo 4D x-ray dark-field lung imaging in mice. This was achieved by synchronizing the data acquisition process of a single-exposure grid-based imaging approach with the breath cycle. The short data acquisition time per dark-field projection made this approach feasible for 4D x-ray dark-field imaging by minimizing the motion-blurring effect and the total time required. Images were captured from a control mouse and from mouse models of muco-obstructive disease and lung cancer, where a change in the size of the alveoli was expected. This work demonstrates that the 4D dark-field signal provides complementary tomographic information that is inaccessible from conventional attenuation-based CT images, in particular, measurements that indicate changes in the size of the alveoli from different parts of the lungs during the breath cycle, with examples shown across the different models. By quantifying the dark-field signal and relating it to physical properties of the alveoli, this technique could be used to perform functional lung imaging that allows the assessment of both global and regional lung conditions where the size or expansion of the alveoli is affected.Ying Ying How, Nicole Reyne, Michelle K. Croughan, Patricia Cmielewski, Daniel Batey, Lucy F. Costello, Ronan Smith, Jannis N. Ahlers, Marian Cholewa, Magdalena Kolodziej, Julia Duerr, Marcus A. Mall, Marcus J. Kitchen, Marie-Liesse Asselin-Labat, David M. Paganin, Martin Donnelley, Kaye S. Morga
Trauma-informed care in medical imaging: A scoping review of current practices and best practice recommendations
No full textIntroduction: Trauma experiences are prevalent and can influence a survivor's interactions within the health care system, including the radiology department. This scoping review aims to map the current literature on trauma-informed care in medical imaging whilst identifying any guidelines or best practice recommendations.
Methodology: This review aligned with the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews. A search strategy was conducted through Medline, Embase, PsycInfo, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, while grey literature was identified through Google Scholar. Sources were exported to Covidence for screening and Microsoft Excel was utilised for data extraction
Results: The search identified 1908 articles, with 28 meeting the inclusion criteria. There was limited literature specific to trauma-informed care related to current practices, models, frameworks, guidelines, and recommendations. While ten best practice recommendations were able to be extracted, this was mainly derived from patient-centred care literature. The results suggest trauma-informed care is not widely known or adopted in radiology practice
Conclusion: This review suggests the development of guidelines specific to the radiology department. To ensure the effective implementation of trauma-informed care, the barriers and enablers should be identified and addressed. Given the minimal literature on trauma-informed care in medical imaging, there is a clear need for further research.
Implications for practice: The implementation of trauma-informed care is necessary in radiology practice to prevent re-traumatisation, and hence ensure employees create a safe and welcoming atmosphere for individuals who have experienced traum
G-GLformer: Transformer with GRU Embedding and Global-Local Attention for Multivariate Time Series Forecasting
No full textTime series forecasting plays a vital role in various fields. Due to the special ability of its self-attention mechanism in capturing long-term dependencies, Transformer has been widely used in time series modeling. However, the majority of contemporary Transformer-based models adopt variate tokenization, where the self-attention mechanism is used to extract variable correlations, which weakens the extraction of temporal correlations. Furthermore, the self-attention mechanism extracts correlations within the look-back window. Owing to the absence of a global perspective, the correlations it captures may be influenced by local noise. To tackle these issues, we propose an advanced Transformer architecture entitled G-GLformer, which designs two novel modules, Bidirectional-Patch-GRU-Embedding (BPGE) and Global-Local-Attention (GLA), and integrates them into the Transformer to achieve more accurate forecast. Specifically, the BPGE module is mainly used to model temporal relationships and enhance local semantics. The GLA module integrates the correlation coefficients of the training set data with the data from the local look-back window. This endows the data in the look-back window with a global perspective, making it less susceptible to the influence of noise. Moreover, they can also be used as plug-ins in other models. Extensive experiments on public datasets demonstrate its superior performance over other state-of-the-art models
Operando Insights into Bridging Oxygen-Driven RuOx Lattice Collapse and its Mitigation Strategy for Durable Industrial PEMWE
No full textVersion of record online: November 13, 2025Ruthenium oxide (RuOx) is a promising anode catalyst for proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE), but its degradation mechanism, especially under practical ampere-level operation, remains elusive. Herein, we established a device-level diagnostic framework to investigate the evolution of RuOx. Operando PEMWE-based X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) revealed a progressive negative shift of the Ru K-edge. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) analysis further showed a pronounced decrease in both Ru–O and Ru–O–Ru coordination, revealing that irreversible loss of bridging oxygen (Obridge) triggers the final catalyst deactivation. Guided by these insights, we demonstrated that low-level Ir doping in Ru₀.₉Ir₀.₁Ox could notably increase the Obridge vacancy formation energy and thus stabilize the Ru–O framework. Under identical PEMWE operating conditions, the Ru valence state and coordination environment in Ru₀.₉Ir₀.₁Ox remain relatively stable. In-cell electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and distribution of relaxation time (DRT) analyses confirmed that this structural stabilization strategy effectively maintains low electrode kinetic and proton transport resistances across a range of cell voltages, enabling stable operation at industrially relevant ampere-level current densities. Finally, the resulting Ru₀.₉Ir₀.₁Ox catalyst achieves 1.74 V at 3 A cm⁻² and stably operates for 500 h at 1 A cm⁻², outperforming most reported Ru-based anodes.Jun Xu, Chun-Chuan Kao, Feiyue Gao, Pengtang Wang, Haifeng Shen, Zekang Wang, Yao Zheng, Shi-Zhang Qia
Exploring hotel attributes and values for families with children with autism spectrum disorder: a laddering approach
No full textData source: supplementary material, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2025.104368Inclusive and adequate leisure is particularly needed by families with children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Since few studies have examined these families’ experiences in the hospitality context, the present research adopts a laddering approach stemming from means-end theory, to interview sixteen families with children with ASD. A set of 16 attributes (7 concrete and 8 abstract attributes), 14 consequences (6 functional and 8 psycho-social consequences) and 16 values (6 instrumental and 10 terminal values) attached to ideal hotel stays was identified. The findings suggest that a range of attributes and consequences should be considered in the design of infrastructure, operations and service in the hospitality context. While individual needs vary, decision making is informed by values, which are meaningful for the delivery and promotion of quality experiences. Recommendations to address practical issues and promoting more inclusive stays are provided
Analysis of bearing capacity characteristics and resilience enhancement mechanism in shield tunnel segments based on fracture energy and modulus degradation
No full textAs a critical component of tunnel lining, the long-term service performance of shield segments has garnered extensive attention. Shield segments consist of concrete reinforced with steel frames, which are typically regarded as low resilience structures. To investigate the bearing capacity characteristics and failure mechanism of shield segments, this study conducted three-dimensional elaborate numerical simulations based on a Concrete Plastic-Damage model that incorporates fracture energy and modulus degradation. The simulation results were validated through three full-scale experiments. For damaged segments that have reached their normal service limit state, two resilience enhancement schemes: channel steel mortar reinforcement and AFRP reinforcement are proposed. The resilience enhancement mechanism is further analyzed through numerical simulations and full-scale experiments. The results indicate that during the process of reaching ultimate bearing capacity, shield segments undergo five stages: elastic stage, damage initiation stage, damage propagation stage, tensile steel reinforcement yielding stage, and mid-span crack penetration stage. The channel steel mortar reinforcement scheme demonstrates superior resilience enhancement during the early loading phase. The AFRP reinforcement scheme performs better in restoring the ultimate bearing capacity of the segments, but the bonding performance between AFRP and concrete deserves more attention. The research results can provide valuable references for resilience enhancement of individual segments in shield tunnels
VRCycle: the clinical translation of a virtual reality cycling program to enhance exercise engagement in people with knee osteoarthritis
No full textData source: Supplementary data, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2025.103009High-quality evidence supports exercise as a core treatment for knee osteoarthritis, improving osteoarthritis symptoms and overall health. However, most people with knee osteoarthritis are inactive and report barriers to exercise engagement. Technologies such as virtual reality (VR) may be used to improve the exercise experience and thus, promote engagement in effortful physical exercise, but clinical translation is difficult. In collaboration with knee osteoarthritis participants (n = 15) and clinicians (n = 6), we adapted a novel VR cycling system to a clinical setting (Study 1). Then, using a randomised cross-over experimental design, we evaluated the preliminary efficacy of VR cycling relative to a No-VR cycling control condition on exercise engagement, enjoyment, and pain in people with knee osteoarthritis (n = 25; Study 2). Both studies evaluated the credibility, acceptability, safety, and usability of the VR cycling system. The clinically-adapted VR cycling system resulted in greater exercise enjoyment (U = 0.82, p 24 = 2.53, p = 0.02; and greater total work t24 = 2.13, p = 0.04) than No-VR cycling. The VR cycling system was safe (no adverse events) and had high credibility and acceptability in people with knee osteoarthritis, although clinicians reported some usability/technical issues. These findings support clinical potential of the VR cycling system, although further technical refinement to maximise the usability of this technology is likely required to ensure clinician uptake. Future work to evaluate the long-term efficacy of a prolonged VR cycling intervention is warranted
Target trial emulation of early docetaxel and enzalutamide for metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer
No full textFirst published: 05 November 2025Objective To apply a trial emulation method using the ‘ENZAlutamide in first line androgen deprivation therapy for METastatic prostate cancer’ (ENZAMET) trial data to assess the effects of adding early docetaxel to enzalutamide on overall survival (OS) in metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC), as the benefits of adding early docetaxel to novel androgen-receptor pathway inhibitors (ARPIs) are unclear. Patients and Methods The ENZAMET trial randomised 1125 patients with mHSPC to testosterone suppression plus enzalutamide or standard non-steroidal antiandrogen therapy. Investigators indicated at pre-randomisation if they planned to use early docetaxel. We emulated randomised comparisons of four treatments: (i) docetaxel plus enzalutamide, (ii) no docetaxel plus enzalutamide, (iii) docetaxel plus no enzalutamide, and (iv) no docetaxel plus no enzalutamide. Propensity score matching was applied to mitigate selection bias. OS was evaluated using Cox proportional hazards regression. Results Among 987 matched participants (87.7%), baseline characteristics were balanced. OS was similar with or without planned use of early docetaxel (hazard ratio [HR] 1.02, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.92–1.12; P = 0.72), with effect modification by enzalutamide use (interaction P = 0.02). Among those assigned enzalutamide, OS was similar according to the planned use of early docetaxel or not (HR 1.18, 95% CI 0.94–1.49), regardless of disease volume (interaction P = 0.37). Among those assigned no enzalutamide, OS was longer with the planned use of early docetaxel (HR 0.90, 95% CI 0.82–0.98), especially in high-volume disease (interaction P = 0.006). Conclusion Early docetaxel did not appear to improve survival when added to enzalutamide, regardless of disease volume, whereas it did appear to improve survival when enzalutamide was not used, particularly in high-volume disease. While residual confounding could not be excluded, these findings do not support the routine addition of early docetaxel to enzalutamide in mHSPC.Yu Yang Soon, Ian C. Marschner, I. Manjula Schou, Christopher J Sweeney, Ian D. Davis, Martin R. Stockler, Andrew J. Marti