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Interventions to reduce implicit bias in high-stakes professional judgements: A systematic review
No full textA systematic review was conducted to examine interventions designed to reduce the influence of implicit bias on professional judgements, with the aim of identifying strategies relevant to forensic and legal contexts. These decisions are often made under time pressure, ambiguity, and limited information, increasing reliance on intuitive judgement and mental shortcuts that can allow bias to shape how information is evaluated. Eight databases were searched and screened using predefined inclusion criteria. Studies were included if they assessed the behavioural impact of a bias-reduction intervention on decisions made by professionals or mock professionals in forensic, legal, healthcare, educational, or organisational settings. Thirty-eight studies met inclusion criteria and were analysed. Interventions were mapped by mechanism, delivery format, and decision context. Systemic strategies, such as decision protocols, standardised rubrics, or changes to how information was presented, consistently outperformed individual-level approaches focused on changing attitudes or awareness. Effective interventions typically constrained discretion or embedded structured prompts at the point of judgement. However, most were tested in simulated settings, with limited evidence of long-term or applied effects. The review identifies strategies with the strongest empirical support and highlights those most effective, practical, and transferable to forensic and legal contexts
A User Study on Electromagnetic Interactions with REBUS
Get PDFIn this paper, we describe a user study on human interaction with REBUS, a digital interactive system and compositional tool which radically innovates the 100 years old Theremin (based on measuring capacitance fluctuations), generating an electromagnetic field (EMF) that forms an immaterial interface which can be manipulated by the movement of the hands and the body. In our research, a preliminary approach to this kind of interaction was proposed through the first public workshop on REBUS, in order to test the ground for further considerations. Based on the feedback gathered during the workshop, we designed a user study in which 10 participants were asked to play the REBUS and then answer questions about their feelings regarding the interaction. We argue whether REBUS can be fully defined as a musical instrument and how the interaction with the EMF, upon which the action of REBUS relies, is perceived by people with different musical backgrounds
Imaginative Interdependence: Imagination, Speculation and Aesthesis
Get PDFThis paper addresses the importance of creativity, speculative imagination and the production of novelty in pedagogic practices in art education and art practice. These terms refer to always incomplete assemblages or agencements of experiencing. Whitehead's ideas on imagination, speculation and propositions are linked with Stengers's work on speculation and the cosmic adventure. The paper proceeds to consider the notion of imaginative interdependence as a key leitmotif, illustrated by Haraway's (2016, p. 14) discussion of the children's game ‘cats cradle.’ Imaginative interdependence is then aligned with the notion of ‘agencement’ to move away from viewing practice or imagination as processes initiated by a prior or transcendent subjectivity, what we might call the phenomenological subject. In contrast, practice and imagination are conceived as emerging within agencements, interdependent relations, considered as cosmic adventures often involving human and non-human participants. Such adventures are explored and problematised in the context of art education. Questions arise involving the contrast between the dispositifs of institutionalised art education and local agencements of art practice that may not conform. The notion of aesthesis is introduced to explore these contrasts as well as that pertaining to the contrast between established conventions of art education and the rupturing force of art's education that may open new modes of sensing and becoming. To conclude the paper builds upon the notion of agencements of imaginative interdependence in the context of art education by emphasising the importance of aesthesis and Deleuze and Guattari's call for a new earth and a people to come
Arm’s length or joined at the hip? Public service media’s coverage of Gaza
No full textCritiquing normative articulations of a public versus commercial media binary, we explore the contradictory juxtaposition of democratic expecta- tions assigned to public service media (PSM) broadly, alongside actual PSM reporting. We examine US and UK PSM coverage of two major events related to the bombardment of Gaza and subsequent humanitarian crisis in the months following the Hamas attacks on October 7, 2023. Contextualized within the UK, US and Israel’s historical and ongoing colonial violence within Palestine over the past 75 years, we assess cover- age that stands in contradiction to the often fetishized notion of PSM’s role in serving a broadly conceived and normatively accepted “public,” and challenge the independence afforded to existing PSM structures via a critique of the notion that PSM organizations operate at “arm’s length” from government. Throughout our analysis, we nd evidence of systematic failures and highlight PSM’s use as an instrument perpetu- ating state power and control
Deploying language model-based assessment support technology in a computer science degree: How do the academics feel about it?
Get PDFWe present two contrasting case studies wherein we used large language model (LLM) technology to support critical elements of our work in the context of a large scale online undergraduate computer science degree. Firstly we used semantic embeddings to identify student-student collusion in exam answers. Secondly we used LLMs to generate starter drafts for exam question papers. We gathered academic staff responses to the two systems through structured interviews. We describe and use a novel, LLM-powered inductive thematic analysis methodology to tag and identify themes in the interviews. All analysis was carried out on locally hosted language models.
We identified 26 themes, some shared across the two systems, others unique. The academics were largely comfortable with the use of LLM technology in assessment, the exam generator system helped to kick-start exam writing and the collusion detection tool found otherwise invisible cases. Academics emphasised the need for human oversight of such systems, but were prepared to use them as they perceived that they improved the efficiency of exam processes
A Circumstantial Collective: Tongpan and the Isan Film Group
No full textThis article examines the pioneering Thai independent film Tongpan completed in 1976 and credited collectively to the Isan Film Group. Set on the Thailand-Laos border the film dramatizes a real-life story of a landless rural labourer who is serially displaced due to the construction of hydroelectric dams on the Mekong. Tongpan was filmed during a tumultuous period in Thai history marked by rising far right vigilante violence and assassinations culminating in October 1976 in the massacre of students at Thammasat University.
The article poses a simple question: How did Tongpan get made? Challenging previous attempts to position the film as the singular vision of an auteur, and drawing on extensive interviews and correspondence, the article offers a unique portrait of the people whose paths converged briefly to make the film as the Isan Film Group. The biographies of student activist Paijong Laisakul, American journalist Mike Morrow, and renowned short story writer and socialist intellectual Khamsing Srinawk, the three individuals who developed the idea of filming Tongpan’s story, are case studies in Cold War-era mobility along pathways that bound the United States and Southeast Asia. The article argues that coordination of collective effort and commitment through time, rather than singularity of vision, was what the production needed to bring Tongpan into existence. As such it revises previous accounts by acknowledging and foregrounding the vital creative role of the young student activist Paijong Laisakul, writer, editor, producer, who was there at the beginning and stayed to the end.
Tongpan is now widely recognized as a landmark environmental film and a pioneering work of independent Southeast Asian cinema. Recent screenings at the Flaherty seminar in Bangkok, 2024 have brought new audiences to this work. The article deepens our understanding of this rare and provocative film, situating it as an achievement that exemplifies the productivity of different modes of outsiderness
The Effect of Child and Adult Avatars on Spatial Perception in Urban-Scale Virtual Environment
Get PDFSpatial perception varies significantly between large-scale environments and smaller, object- or room-scale settings. Individuals process and interpret space differently depending on its scale, using their own bodies as reference points. In order to study spatial cognition as it applies to urban environments, it is vital to study it at a suitable scale and in people navigating those environments. Virtual Reality (VR) provides a way to study our spatial cognition in realistic, large-scale urban environments that participants are able to navigate freely. This paper presents a methodology for studying spatial cognition of large-scale virtual urban environments, including three novel tasks that address spatial memory (memory of landmarks and navigation paths) and preferences for urban features (deleting or adding features). This study applies this methodology to investigate the differences in spatial perception, memory, and layout preferences between people embodied in child and adult avatars. This is an interesting problem, as it opens up the possibility of allowing adults to understand how children experience urban environments differently. Using Virtual Reality, participants experienced an urban-scale environment while embodied in either a child or an adult in a full-body avatar and then undertook our spatial memory and preference tasks. The study showed no difference in the memory tasks, though the participants in child avatars deleted more features. This suggests that there is no evidence that embodiment as a child affects spatial cognition but that it might allow participants to detect more problems with an environment