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What is creative in childhood writing? Computationally measured linguistic characteristics explain much of the variance in subjective human-rated creativity scores
Get PDFThe present study investigated the extent to which linguistic features of children's stories (analysed using automated techniques), predicted human-rated Creative Expressiveness and Logic scores (both assessed with the Consensual Assessment Technique). A sample of 160 children (Mage = 8.99 years, SD = 0.3) wrote stories based on three pictures. Eleven linguistic characteristics were measured: Length, Grammar, Originality, Controlled Lexical Diversity, Uncontrolled Lexical Diversity, Divergent Semantic Integration (DSI), Referential Cohesion, Narrativity, Syntactic Simplicity, Word Concreteness and Deep Cohesion. The results showed that 51 % of the variance in Creative Expressiveness was explained by Length, DSI, Originality, Grammar, and Controlled Lexical Diversity (sr2 = 0.01 to 0.14). In comparison, 28 % of the variance in Logic scores was accounted for by DSI, Grammar, Controlled Lexical Diversity, Syntactic Simplicity, and Narrativity (sr2 = 0.01 to 0.06). These findings offer insights for educational practices by identifying the linguistic characteristics relevant to children's creative writing as opposed to logical narration
Introduction: Collectivity in Data Governance and Data Justice
No full textWith this special issue, we seek to critically reflect on contemporary debates on data governance and data justice by foregrounding the question of collectivity from different perspectives. The issue brings together scholars from across the globe to consider how the collective features within ideas of data governance and justice, and what responses to concerns about datafication might look like beyond the individualist paradigm. It builds on the successful third Data Justice conference held in Cardiff in June 2023 on the theme of Collective Experiences in the Datafied Society hosted by the Data Justice Lab. This conference brought together close to 300 participants from around the world to explore the different ways collectives shape and are impacted by datafication today. The papers in this special issue assemble some of the outstanding contributions at the conference
Frequency-specific changes in prefrontal activity associated with maladaptive belief updating in volatile environments in euthymic bipolar disorder
Get PDFBipolar disorder (BD) involves altered reward processing and decision-making, with inconsistencies across studies. Here, we integrated hierarchical Bayesian modelling with magnetoencephalography (MEG) to characterise maladaptive belief updating in this condition. First, we determined if previously reported increased learning rates in BD stem from a heightened expectation of environmental changes. Additionally, we examined if this increased expectation speeds up belief updating in decision-making, associated with modulation of rhythmic neural activity within the prefrontal, orbitofrontal, and anterior cingulate cortex (PFC, OFC, ACC). Twenty-two euthymic BD and 27 healthy control (HC) participants completed a reward-based motor decision-making task in a volatile setting. Hierarchical Bayesian modelling revealed BD participants anticipated greater environmental volatility, resulting in a more stochastic mapping from beliefs to actions and paralleled by lower win rates and a reduced tendency to repeat rewarded actions than HC. Despite this, BD individuals adjusted their expectations of action-outcome contingencies more slowly, but both groups invigorated their actions similarly. On a neural level, while healthy individuals exhibited an alpha-beta suppression and gamma increase during belief updating, BD participants showed dampened effects, extending across the PFC, OFC, and ACC regions. This was accompanied by an abnormally increased beta-band directed information flow in BD. Overall, the results suggest euthymic BD individuals anticipate environmental change without adequately learning from it, contributing to maladaptive belief updating. Alterations in frequency-domain amplitude and functional connectivity within the PFC, OFC, and ACC during belief updating underlie the computational effects and could serve as potential indicators for predicting relapse in future research
Against Market Constitutionalism: A Needs-based Approach to Rights and the Case for a Socialist Constitutionalism
Get PDFIn this paper I explore the hypothesis that a conception of right(s) that draws from the notion of needs is crucial for a critique of market constitutionalism. To this end, I review different theories of need, revisit the ‘needs versus rights’ debate and set it in the context of the Marxist critique of rights. Market rationality pits ‘needs’ against ‘rights’ (in the legal field) and favours a narrow conception of ‘need’ (in the field of normative theory). In contrast to this, I propose a rich conception of ‘need’ based on Marx’s critique of capitalism and explore its potential for a materialist conception of right(s). I conclude with a tentative exploration of the constitutional implications of adopting a needs-based approach to rights, in terms of both judicial and political decision-making forms. To develop the above argument, I focus on labour rights - especially the ways in which market rationality has affected the conception and application of labour rights in the European Union and the United Kingdom
Statues of Empire: Questions of race and power
Get PDFThere was a mass production of statues of imperial monarchs, military and naval figures and politicians in a very short historical period between the late nineteenth century and the early twentieth century, the height of European imperial expansion. This article examines this frenzy of statue erection in the dual context of nation and empire, and as part of what Eric Hobsbawm referred to as the ‘invention of tradition’. Modern states consolidated the power of their new elites by appropriating and transforming older modes of belonging. This new ‘imaginary’ was imperial: new national traditions ‘at home’ in Europe were directly tied to empire-building. The article takes as a case study the statue of Edward Colston in Bristol, erected in 1895 by local elites, and subsequently the subject of long-term fallist campaigns and forms of direct action. As this specific analysis demonstrates, the power represented by statues of empire is not merely an historical relic to be tolerated as an anachronism: it is part of an ongoing structure of power invested in inequality
ChatGPT-Assisted Lesson Planning for Children’s STEAM Arts Education: An Experimental Study on Benefits, Challenges, Methods, and a Prompt Framework
Get PDFThis study focuses on art-led STEAM education to cultivate ‘21st-century 4C skills’ (communication, collaboration, critical thinking, and creativity). It explores the potential of ChatGPT in enhancing lesson planning within STEAM art education. An experimental study was conducted comparing traditional lesson plans with ChatGPT-assisted plans, involving 13 teachers and 6 professors. A mixed-methods approach was employed: qualitative data (semi-structured interviews, ChatGPT interaction records, etc.) were analyzed thematically, while quantitative data (questionnaire surveys) were examined using descriptive and inferential statistical analyses. Results demonstrate that ChatGPT significantly improved the quality of lesson planning, with ChatGPT-assisted plans achieving an average score of 21.0 compared to 17.0 for traditional plans. In addition, ChatGPT also offers benefits such as enhanced efficiency and supported interdisciplinary and creative approaches. However, challenges remain regarding content personalization, usability, and logical reasoning in image generation. Beyond these findings, the study proposes key methods for AI-assisted lesson planning, highlighting steps in generating lesson plans and searching for multimedia resources. In addition, a prompt framework is also developed to guide the generation process, including structured initial prompts and iterative optimization based on evaluation dimensions. Overall, the results provide both theoretical and practical insights into the application of generative AI in education
Effects of negative mood and angry faces on the Ebbinghaus illusion
No full textThis study investigated how induced mood states and emotional facial expressions modulate susceptibility to the Ebbinghaus illusion. Participants received either a positive or negative mood induction before performing the illusion task, in which both the target and inducer circles were replaced by faces displaying angry, happy, or neutral expressions. Results showed that participants in the negative mood group demonstrated a stronger illusion effect when the Ebbinghaus illusion configuration included angry faces, whereas no significant differences across face valence were observed in the positive mood group. These findings suggest that negative mood selectively enhances perceptual integration in the presence of threat-related stimuli, amplifying contextual influences on size perception. In contrast, positive mood may promote cognitive flexibility, facilitating more stable perceptual judgments regardless of emotional context. This research highlights the interplay between internal mood states and external emotional cues in shaping visual perception, and extends our understanding of how emotions influence visual illusions
Community arts practice and creative innovation
Get PDFNorthern Ireland is internationally respected for its community arts practice: wall murals that address issues of social justice; theatre that inspires dialogue between victims and perpetrators; a community circus and a carnival movement which creates new forms of culture that are not defined by national politics or religious affiliation, but instead encourage people to find joy in the shared humanity of diverse communities. It is in this context that the space between art and technology has served as an important site for critical inquiry and the imagining of new futures in a post-conflict Northern Ireland, still healing from over 30 years of conflict (1969–1998)
Space invaders: “Dissonant bodies” in positions of power: A conversation with Nirmal Puwar
Get PDFIn July 2022, the Centre for the Study of Gender and Sexuality of the City University of London organized a seminar to celebrate the 18th anniversary of Space Invaders: Race, Gender and Bodies Out of Place. Following on from the rich discussion it generated, we organized an interview-conversation with the author, Nirmal Puwar, to contextualize the book in light of contemporary, seemingly more diverse – but also increasingly aggressive and exclusionary – forms of public discourse and social policies. We designed questions to engage with Nirmal in an open conversation about what does change, if at all, once dissonant bodies reach positions of power, starting from the contexts closest to us: England and Italy
Ray of Light
Get PDFThe paper dilates upon the uncanny similitude of the experience of mourning paternal death that Royle's novel Quilt anticipated for the author