École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
Infoscience - École polytechnique fédérale de LausanneNot a member yet
191401 research outputs found
Sort by
Radiobiology of Radiosurgery for Neurosurgeons
No full textStereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is a precise focusing of radiation to a targeted point or larger area of tissue. With advances in technology, the radiobiological understanding of this modality has trailed behind. Although found effective in both short- and long-term follow-up, there are ongoing evolution and controversial topics such as dosing pattern, dose per fraction in hypo-fractionnated regimens, inter-fraction interval, and so on. Radiobiology of radiosurgery is not a mere extension of conventional fractionation radiotherapy, but it demands further evaluation of the dose calculation on the linear linear-quadratic model, which has also its limits, biologically effective dose, and radiosensitivity of the normal and target tissue. Further research is undergoing to understand this somewhat controversial topic of radiosurgery better
Secondary structure of the human mitochondrial genome affects formation of deletions
No full textBackgroundAging in postmitotic tissues is associated with clonal expansion of somatic mitochondrial deletions, the origin of which is not well understood. Such deletions are often flanked by direct nucleotide repeats, but this alone does not fully explain their distribution. Here, we hypothesized that the close proximity of direct repeats on single-stranded mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) might play a role in the formation of deletions.ResultsBy analyzing human mtDNA deletions in the major arc of mtDNA, which is single-stranded during replication and is characterized by a high number of deletions, we found a non-uniform distribution with a "hot spot" where one deletion breakpoint occurred within the region of 6-9 kb and another within 13-16 kb of the mtDNA. This distribution was not explained by the presence of direct repeats, suggesting that other factors, such as the spatial proximity of these two regions, can be the cause. In silico analyses revealed that the single-stranded major arc may be organized as a large-scale hairpin-like loop with a center close to 11 kb and contacting regions between 6-9 kb and 13-16 kb, which would explain the high deletion activity in this contact zone. The direct repeats located within the contact zone, such as the well-known common repeat with a first arm at 8470-8482 bp (base pair) and a second arm at 13,447-13,459 bp, are three times more likely to cause deletions compared to direct repeats located outside of the contact zone. A comparison of age- and disease-associated deletions demonstrated that the contact zone plays a crucial role in explaining the age-associated deletions, emphasizing its importance in the rate of healthy aging.ConclusionsOverall, we provide topological insights into the mechanism of age-associated deletion formation in human mtDNA, which could be used to predict somatic deletion burden and maximum lifespan in different human haplogroups and mammalian species.UPFELLA
Developing Melt Electrowriting on an Open-Source Fused Filament Fabrication Platform
No full textMelt electrowriting (MEW) is an additive manufacturing technology where a fiber is deposited in a precise way with the help of an electric field to build micrometric designs for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM). The commercially available MEW systems currently are expensive and require fine tuning to match the scaffold quality of custom built systems and, as a result, many of the research institutions choose to opt for the latter. This thesis presents a way to reduce the cost of MEW systems by using an open source Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) printer, converting it into a MEW system to make good quality high-resolution scaffolds. The printer needs additional parts such as a high voltage power supply (HVPS) and different components for high voltage and flow rate control. The resulting scaffold produced by the filament feed MEW system is shown to have good stacking and good dimensional accuracy of the fibers, which was close to the calculated values.LMIS1LAP
Bellerive CARIS - Centre Autogéré Romand de l’Improvisation et de la Scène
No full textC’est l’été, il est 20h07, le ciel n’est pas trop sombre. Vous vous rendez au match d’improvisation qui se tient ce soir au nouveau CARIS. Vous décidez de sortir du bus à Cèdres et quittez la station avec les autres voyageurs.euse.s. Vous entamez la descente à pied de l’Avenue des Bains et vous en profitez pour saluer Tschumi (le père, bien sûr). Peu après, la tête ronde et les lettres rouges de Bellerive-Plage apparaissent au loin, rapidement suivies de la silhouette allongée du CARIS. Le nouveau bâtiment coupe l’ancien parking de la « place Bellerive » en deux. Vous vous dites que c’est un nom étrange pour un parking qui n’était ni directement une « rive », ni particulièrement « beau » et pas tellement une « place » au final. Mais ces pensées vous quittent aussitôt car vous arrivez à la hauteur de la billetterie. Vous aimez jeter un coup d’œil au lac qui paraît bien plus proche, visible qu’il est à travers le couloir transperçant le bâtiment et filtré par la masse l’irrégulière de la file des retardataires venus acheter les derniers billets sur place. Ce tableau en tête, vous vous félicitez d’avoir acheté vos billets sur internet avant de rejoindre les autres spectateur.ice.s déjà assis.e.s dans la fameuse « fosse » devant la scène extérieure. La légende raconte que c’est Armand, le gardien des lieux, qui est chargé de monter et descendre à mains nues chaque scène pour chaque représentation. Mais c’est le silence qui cette fois vient interrompre vos réflexions : le spectacle commence…TEXASLAB-USAR-DCote: 2022.122Archive: MEM.1/1 A4 verticalGroupe de suivi: Lapierre, Eric (dir. pédagogique) ; Cogato Lanza, Elena (prof.) ; Auffret-Postel, Tanguy (maître EPFL) ; Darò, Carlotta (expert)Professeur responsable de l'Enoncé: Lapierre, Eric (ENAC IA TEXAS)Enoncé théorique de master: Périmètre comme outil de projet
Digital Analysis of Historical US Patents: Field Notes From An Interdisciplinary Project
No full textPatents have long been an obvious and important source for documenting technological change. For instance, economists and economic historians have counted patents granted in certain countries or certain industries, while historians of science and technology have selected and read some of them (e.g. to study the thinking process of inventors). In recent years, the digitization of historical patents has opened up new opportunities, allowing to ‘read’ at large scale, i.e. study many patents but still use their full textual content rather than only count them. Our own digital history project analyzes a very large corpus, all 1.3 million patents issued in the United States between 1836 and 1920, with two major aims: categorizing patents into coherent technical categories; identifying discourses of safety, reflexivity, and environmental concern in technological innovation. In our presentation, we will discuss the rationale for our research questions, describe our experiments with various methods of natural language processing, and our early results. We will then move to an open discussion on the specific dynamic of our interdisciplinary project. Indeed, our team brings together historians with technical skills and computer scientists with an interest or a background in the humanities and social sciences. As such, we are in an ideal position to reflect upon the interaction between the two research strands. In our project, digital methods have influenced the historical approach and made themes such as source criticism more prominent than in many other historical research projects. Conversely, the need for interpretability of the results, as well as the specific nature of the historical documents constrained the use of the digital methods.LHS
Une nouvelle couche pour Lottigna: extension d’une villa éclectique de la Valle di Blenio pour la réalisation d’un complexe de rééducation
No full textComme d’autres villages de la Valle di Blenio, Lottigna présente un caractère particulier, où l’architecture traditionnelle en pierre et bois contraste avec les villas bourgeoises construites au tournant des XIXe et XXe siècles. L’histoire passée ainsi que l’évolution de la société et de la culture de la région sont donc lisibles à travers les couches architecturales présentes dans les différents villages. Mais la société évolue, constamment, et l’espace disponible dans le territoire est de plus en plus limité. Par conséquent, comment ajouter une nouvelle couche, qui tout ensemble s’insère dans le contexte mixte existant et y prend sa force ? Comment relier toutes ces couches ? Ou encore, comment valoriser les jardins des villas bourgeoises, tout en leur conférant une valeur fonctionnelle ? Si son but final est de créer un complexe pour jeunes en difficulté composé d’espaces de vie et de soin différents, le projet répond aussi à ces questions en suivant une logique éclectique. Une logique qui est celle de l’évolution que le village a connue dans les siècles passés et qui ne se limite pas à la forme, mais s’adapte à la fonction et aux contraintes du site, pour donner lieu à une architecture qui réponde aux besoins et favorise le parcours de soin.LAPISTSAMSAR-DCote: 2022.003Archive: MEM.1/1 A4 verticalGroupe de suivi: Braghieri, Nicola (dir. pédagogique) ; Graf, Franz (prof.) ; Lucarelli, Fosco (maître EPFL) ; Wellinger, Jeanne (expert)Professeur responsable de l'Enoncé: Graf, Franz (ENAC IA TSAM)Enoncé théorique de master: La Valle del Sole: Une étude sur les villas et maisons bourgeoises de la Valle di Blenio
In Situ Nucleation-Decoupled and Site-Specific Incorporation of angstrom-Scale Pores in Graphene Via Epoxidation
No full textGenerating pores in graphene by decoupled nucleation and expansion is desired to achieve a fine control over the porosity, and is desired to advance several applications. Herein, epoxidation is introduced, which is the formation of nanosized epoxy clusters on the graphitic lattice as nucleation sites without forming pores. In situ gasification of clusters inside a transmission electron microscope shows that pores are generated precisely at the site of the clusters by surpassing an energy barrier of 1.3 eV. Binding energy predictions using ab initio calculations combined with the cluster nucleation theory reveal the structure of the epoxy clusters and indicate that the critical cluster is an epoxy dimer. Finally, it is shown that the cluster gasification can be manipulated to form A-scale pores which then effectively sieve gas molecules based on their size. This decoupled cluster nucleation and pore formation will likely pave the way for an independent control of pore size and density.LASCIM
Anwendung ultrahochfester Betone unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Dauerhaftigkeit. Tagungsunterlagen ,Neue Werkstoffe - Herausforderung für den Konstruktiven Ingenieurbau
No full textMCSpp. 25-4
Viscoelastic behaviour of strain hardening Ultra High Performance Fibre Reinforced Concrete
No full textMCSAdvances in Construction Material