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Language Planning in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Analysis of the Role of Translators as Agents in Language Change
No full textLanguage planning and policy (LPP) in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) has been constructed on the basis of a standard language ideology that has often excluded the speakers from the language legitimisation process. The LPP efforts for the Bosnian language have led to conflicting covert and overt language policies that have resulted in linguistic insecurity
among speakers and a failure to build a supranational identity through top-down language
planning.
By considering the processing, production and attitudes towards doublets this study
examines the understudied role of speakers in language change driven by LPP in BiH.
Specifically, it focuses on how translators as model speakers navigate top-down constraints of standard language ideology and exert bottom-up pressure to influence the diffusion of lexical innovations in the Bosnian language. To investigate this dialectical relationship, I conducted two experiments integrating acceptability ratings, processing, and production measures.
The first experiment, an acceptability ratings task with translator trainees and foreign
language students, examined systematic preferences for lexical innovations, potential
processing advantages of established items, and the influence of individual differences
on doublet evaluation. The second experiment, an interpretation task with professional
translators and foreign language students, explored lexical selection patterns and the
cognitive representation of doublets through response time and entropy analyses.
The results show a preference for long-established items in both production and
acceptability, although the relative distribution of established and innovative items varies across doublets, ranging from near-equal usage to complete dominance of one form.
Sociolinguistic receptivity emerged as a key predictor of item acceptance, with translators showing higher ratings and more stable response times across entropy levels, which implies that expertise may enhance efficiency and receptivity to variation.
This speaker-centred research challenges the views held by language planners in BiH
whereby language is considered a tool for ethnic self-indexing. Rather, this study demonstrates that for speakers of the Bosnian language doublets are associated with complex patterns of competition that extend beyond simple ideology-driven choices. Ultimately, the results of this study show that language change in BiH is not primarily driven by top-down language policy and underlying ideologies, but by speaker agency, receptivity to innovation and the strength of entrenchment of the doublet items in speakers’ mental lexicons
When kindness is not enough: Pākehā parenting socialisation practices for cultural connectedness and pride
No full textPākehā children’s cultural identities are influenced by their parent’s cultural socialisation practices. This article focuses on the ways family members (N = 4019) socialised their Pākehā children for cultural connectedness and pride, or not, in Aotearoa, New Zealand. We mapped our analytical codes alongside Hughes et al.’s (2006) Ethnic-Racial Socialisation framework (cultural socialisation, egalitarianism and silence about race, promotion of mistrust, and preparation for bias) to better understand the underlying motivations for family cultural socialisation. While approximately 47.6% of Pākehā family respondents articulated positive cultural socialisation practices, 33% of Pākehā family respondents refused to answer the questions and 18.6% struggled to articulate the ways they encouraged their children developing positive cultural identities. This particular article highlights the four ways 18.6% of Pākehā family members avoided talking about their child’s cultural identity and cultural backgrounds: by wrestling with, resisting, revolting against or re-storying their cultural identities
Schools and Teachers: Influences That Matter
No full textYoung people want to learn, and perceive school as a site of both academic and personal growth. In order to enable this, schools must be safe places that meet students’ physical, mental, social and cultural needs. Cultivating a positive school climate that supports the holistic growth of individuals will, in turn, promote academic learning and achievement.
Students want their school to be friendly, future-focused and fun, with a variety and abundance of academic and extracurricular opportunities. Importantly, school should be a safe place, meaning an absence of bullying or having a proactive approach to addressing and dealing with bullying.
Rangatahi aspire to be good people and to surround themselves with good people. Their interpersonal relationships with both students and teachers are paramount to positive school experiences. A ‘good’ teacher is key to this – in the words of young people, this means a teacher who is skilled and passionate about teaching and their subject, achieves the right balance between control and respect, and is kind, caring, fair and supportive of all students
Integrating Coastal Sámi Traditional Knowledge in Science Education: Challenges, Approaches, and the Path Forward
No full textThis study explores the integration of Sámi traditional knowledge in Norwegian science education, addressing the challenges that are faced by teachers who are unfamiliar with Sámi culture. The research employs action research methods, involving student teachers and teacher educators, to develop teaching units focused on Coastal Sámi topics. The study highlights the use of Banks’s multicultural curriculum reform approaches to analyze how Indigenous perspectives were incorporated. The key findings reveal that while efforts were made to include Coastal Sámi concepts, the integration often remained superficial. This study underscores the need for comprehensive teacher training and resources to effectively teach Indigenous topics. The conclusions emphasize the importance of a transformative approach to education that authentically incorporates diverse perspectives, advocating for systemic support to enhance teachers’ ability to deliver culturally relevant education. The research calls for collaboration among policymakers, teacher educators, and the Sámi community to ensure meaningful integration of Indigenous knowledge in curricula, fostering a deeper understanding and appreciation of Sámi culture and sustainability practices
Assessing Gastrointestinal Dysfunction in Critical Illness - A Pilot Feasibility Study
No full textThesis embargoed until 6/2027
Effects of the External Environment on the Development, Reproduction, and Mating Strategies of Tetranychus evansi (Acari: Tetranychidae) in New Zealand
No full textThe invasive tomato red spider mite, Tetranychus evansi, exhibits geographically
heterogeneous impacts on agricultural systems, with limited damage to tomato crops in New
Zealand despite establishing stable populations on wild black nightshade (Solanum nigrum).
This study integrates host adaptation, reproductive strategies, and environmental regulation
to elucidate mechanisms underlying its niche specificity and invasion dynamics.
Comparative life history analyses revealed prolonged developmental durations (egg to adult:
15.07 vs. 11.91 days) and reduced fecundity (2.23 vs. 6.85 eggs/day) in mated females on
tomato versus black nightshade, indicating host-driven constraints on population expansion.
Contrary to Tetranychus urticae, T. evansi males exhibited no age-related preference for
quiescent deutonymph females, with non-contact guarding (e.g., circling, attending)
dominating (45.7%) over contact behaviors. Experimental manipulation of density (via leaf
size) and sex ratio demonstrated that male behavioral strategies (fighter, sneaker) were
independently modulated by environmental factors, peaking under intermediate sex ratios
and densities. Increased mating frequency enhanced female fecundity and longevity,
suggesting adaptive benefits of multiple matings. These findings highlight host specialization,
species-specific reproductive plasticity, and density-dependent behavioral regulation as key
drivers of T. evansi’s restricted distribution in New Zealand. The study underscores the role
of genetic bottlenecks during initial colonization in limiting host adaptability and proposes
targeted management of black nightshade reservoirs to mitigate invasion risks. By
synthesizing ecological and behavioral adaptations, this research advances predictive
frameworks for invasion trajectories and informs region-specific pest control strategies
under global change scenarios
Targeting the retroviral capsid protein to treat HIV-1 infection
No full textHIV-1 is an important human pathogen, causing 1.3 million new infections worldwide in 2023. The capsid protein (CA) of HIV-1 is considered a promising therapeutic target due to its importance in HIV-1 replication. The HIV-1 capsid-targeting inhibitor
Lenacapavir has recently been approved for the treatment of HIV-1 infection. However,
resistance-inducing mutations have emerged in CA. Based on previously characterized
inhibitors, our collaborators have developed a series of novel compounds, including
XY3-58 and TK-1m, and evaluated their ability to inhibit HIV-1 infection. This project aims to investigate the binding of TK-1m and XY3-58 to HIV-1 CA and explore their
response to resistance mutations in the capsid protein. To achieve this, we expressed
and purified HIV-1 CA protein and used X-ray crystallography to determine the binding
poses of XY3-58 and TK-1m with HIV-1 CA. Additionally, site-directed mutagenesis was used to introduce known resistance mutations (Q67H, N74D, M66I, L56I) into CA
and these were investigated both structurally and by isothermal titration calorimetry.
Structural analysis revealed how XY3-58 binds to Q67H/N74D. However no
compound was observed for L56I and M66I. Comparison of structure with XY3-58
bound and unbound, was used to infer that L56I and M66I introduce steric clashes with
the XY3-58 compound. To further probe compounds binding to mutants the well characterized inhibitor PF-74 was used to assess changes in binding affinity by ITC
High Quality International Student Programmes? An Examination of Education Review Office Reports on the Provision for International Students in New Zealand Secondary Schools
No full textAn increasing number of international secondary students are choosing New Zealand as their study destination, positioning the country as a leading choice among English-speaking nations for young learners. Internationally, New Zealand is promoted as offering high-quality education and a positive overall student experience. The Education Review Office (ERO), a government agency, is responsible for evaluating the performance of schools, including their provision for international students.
This study analyses published ERO reports and compares them with the strategic objectives outlined by Education New Zealand. It aims to present a comprehensive overview of the current state of support for international students in New Zealand secondary schools and identifies a gap between promotional narratives and the realities of practice within schools. The findings suggest that, to a considerable extent, these schools provide strong pastoral care and closely monitor and support students’ academic performance. However, certain areas still require improvement to fully align with the goals set by Education New Zealand.
By highlighting this discrepancy, the study offers valuable insights for policymakers, educators, and stakeholders in international education. These findings underscore the importance of maintaining high-quality educational experiences for international students, which is essential for ensuring the long-term sustainability of the sector
Automated UAV image-to-BIM registration for planar and curved building façades using structure-from-motion and 3D surface unwrapping
No full textTexturing Building Information Model (BIM) with up-to-date Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) images has brought substantial benefits to building façade inspection. However, current image-to-BIM registration methods are sensitive to UAV positioning accuracy and façade features. Additionally, perspective and geometry distortions on UAV images hinder the texturing of curved façades. To address these issues, this paper introduces an approach to registering UAV images onto BIM for buildings with both planar and curved façades. Firstly, Structure-from-Motion is used to align UAV images with BIM. Secondly, fragmented and distorted UAV images of planar and curved façades are converted onto a distortion-free panoramic image using 3D surface unwrapping. Thirdly, the generated panoramic image is projected onto BIM surfaces as textures. The process has been automated using a Dynamo prototype and evaluated through computer simulation and a real-world case study. The outcome shows a mean accuracy of 1.7 pixels and 8.5 mm