69238 research outputs found
Sort by
Asian and ethnic minority health research in Aotearoa New Zealand: a scoping review of grey literature (2011-2020)
No full textAims: A wealth of knowledge, especially on ethnic and migrant health, is located in “grey literature” (GL), i.e., material that is not formally published. This article reviews four types of GL: a) student theses, b) research reports, c) government, and d) non-government unpublished research on Asian and other ethnic minority (A/EM) health in Aotearoa New Zealand, covering a decade between 2011 and 2020.
Methods: A range of flexible data collection methods was used for each GL category. The application of inclusion and exclusion criteria resulted in the selection of 167 articles for review.
Fesults: Key themes on methodologies, participants and identities, acculturation, barriers to health and recommendations for changes in healthcare are highlighted in the findings. In general, there was greater representation of intersectional identities, deployment of non-Western methodologies to address A/EM health problems and a broader diversity of health conditions addressed in GL compared with published A/EM research.
Conclusion: All four GL categories are important knowledge bases for A/EM health in ways not captured in published research, with student research in particular offering creative and cutting-edge conceptual health frameworks. There needs to be greater visibility of GL, especially non-conventional frameworks and methodologies for A/EM health knowledge
Replanted Urbanism: Reconciling Agriculture and Urbanism in Auckland City
No full textFollowing humanity’s rapid urbanisation throughout the 20th century, cities
increasingly became resource sinks dependent on global trade networks and
supermarket monopolies to supply their food needs, with prior systems of agriculture
and marketplaces pushed to the periphery. This separation has led to a range of
systemic issues that have been previously overlooked. Creating a deficit of food
knowledge and skills, diminishing nutritional quality through overprocessed and
over-commercialisation of products, creating unsustainable levels of food waste
through for-profit driven incentives, diminishing food security and furthering economic
monopolisation that undermines local resilience and diversity, all while depriving
communities of the cohesion and ritual that food systems once offered for millennia.
This thesis confronts those assumptions through the lens of architectural intervention
within Auckland City, utilising Grey Lynn as a setting to instigate change in the heart of
the city.
Drawing from modern academic theories of Agricultural Urbanism and Circular
Economies, this thesis offers a design led response, in the form of a mixed use
neighborhood development that integrates living space, agricultural systems,
food retail, market space and public facilities into a shared ecosystem to create a
community based urban model that weaves food systems into the the everyday fabric
of the city, bringing the farm and table closer together.
The central aim of this project is to create an intimate urban-scale architectural
intervention that addresses these contemporary issues by promoting and enabling
food security, circular resource use, and urban food independence. The resulting
design is a proof of concept for a resilient, food-literate neighbourhood that challenges
the supermarket paradigm while enhancing e
Navigating Sensitive Territory: A Speculative Masterplan For The Redevelopment Of The Royal New Zealand Naval Philomel Base
No full textTāmaki Makaurau (Auckland) is a city of two harbours situated on a narrow isthmus.
The city and its people’s relationship to the harbour has long been restricted by the
effects of industrialisation and port activities. Rapid growth, intensification and social
change calls for the regeneration of these harbour edges. Globally, urban regions
are seeing increasing migration, making cities critical hubs of social exchange and
economic activity. Waterfront regeneration can play a significant role in the curation
of a city’s image, which is vital for retaining talent and ensuring functionality.
Addressing climate change and implementing environmental mitigations are also
crucial for creating future relevant, liveable cities.
This thesis considers the naval sites of Devonport becoming available for
development, focusing on creating a speculative masterplan for the HMNZS Philomel
site. The central research question asks: How might Devonport’s HMNZS Philomel
maritime waterfront site be regenerated to facilitate quality urban growth, connect
the wider social fabric, and address climate resilience in Tāmaki Makaurau?
Drawing on principles of waterfront development, military regeneration, adaptive
reuse, and climate resilient design, a perspective and vision for this site is realised.
The process is informed by a detailed site analysis and an understanding of the
broader site context. Additionally, case studies are carefully selected, ranging in
scale from global waterfront cities to specific developments and smaller-scale
interventions.
The research proposal adopts an urban design methodology, utilising site mapping,
diagramming, sketching, and master planning as tools. A strategic framework is
first developed and grounded in a comprehensive analysis of the economic, social,
cultural, physical and environmental context. Subsequently, fundamental design
principles and a vision, guide the creation of the final masterplan, for which a
physical model presented instant ideation for people.
By foundation, the masterplan development captures a restored ecological harbour
edge, honors its maritime past, calls for quality-built form and promotes habitation
within its environment. This thesis plays a pivotal role in reimagining the potential of
Waitematā’s harbour fronts, indigenising our sense of space and restoring a state of
mauri ora (“state of being alive well and full of vitality”).1 This research highlights the
significance of adaptive planning and design in responding to future uncertainties
as well as placing ecological habitation at the forefront of waterfront development
Gendered Differences in First-mile Mode Choice for Transit Oriented Developments
No full textFirst-and-last- mile trips significantly influence public transport ridership. This study contributes to the understanding of gendered differences in first-mile trips by considering intersectionality of age and income. Trips to twelve Transit Oriented Developments (ToD) stations across Auckland city, New Zealand was analysed. An equity perspective is considered by selecting ToD sites with varying Land-Use Diversity Index, distance travelled and different income levels. Around 500 public transport riders responded to an online survey and the sample closely represents Auckland’s population. Data was analysed using multinomial logistic regression models to determine the influence of explanatory factors on mode choice, including car, being dropped at station and walking. Findings provide statistically significant evidence of gendered differences in first-mile trips. Women are more likely to walk to ToD stations in comparison to men and they are more likely to walk within a distance of 1km (~0.62 miles). Above 1km, most women are likely to be dropped off than use their own car. This suggests women’s restricted access to cars and highlights that walkable ToDs are more beneficial for women. Young women and women from low-income sites are more likely to walk in comparison to men. Overall, findings highlight the need for disaggregated data to incorporate a gendered perspective in the design of inclusive public transport systems. As more cities develop strategies to increase ridership, it is crucial to examine travel patterns through a gender equity lens to ensure the travel needs of women are considered, particularly those who are often marginalized.
Keywords: first and last mile, women, accessibility, equity, age, transit-oriented developmen
Reshaping Higher Education Designs and Futures: Postdigital Co-design with Generative Artificial Intelligence
No full textAbstract
This article examines how collaborative design practices in higher education are reshaped through postdigital entanglement with generative artificial intelligence (GenAI). We collectively explore how co-design, an inclusive, iterative, and relational approach to educational design and transformation, expands in meaning, practice, and ontology when GenAI is approached as a collaborator. The article brings together 19 authors and three open reviewers to engage with postdigital inquiry, structured in three parts: (1) a review of literature on co-design, GenAI, and postdigital theory; (2) 11 situated contributions from educators, researchers, and designers worldwide, each offering practice-based accounts of co-design with GenAI; and (3) an explorative discussion of implications for higher education designs and futures. Across these sections, we show how GenAI unsettles assumptions of collaboration, knowing, and agency, foregrounding co-design as a site of ongoing material, ethical, and epistemic negotiation. We argue that postdigital co-design with GenAI reframes educational design as a collective practice of imagining, contesting, and shaping futures that extend beyond human knowing.</jats:p
Displacement-based analysis of precast shear walls exhibiting multiple hardening stages
No full textLongitudinal elongation due to reversed cyclic inelastic deformation is common in Reinforced Concrete (RC) shear walls, beams, and column members. In contrast to conventional RC shear walls that have only one stiffness transition opportunity associated with material hardening, a precast shear wall equipped with Friction Bearing Devices (FBDs) positioned at the vertical connections to bounding end columns and taking advantage of longitudinal elongation can generate additional hardening stages. This assemblage is referred to as a Multiple Hardening Precast Concrete shear Wall (MHPCW). The multiple hardening mechanisms are explained using Modified Compression Field Theory based on pseudo-static reversed cyclic loading tests, and a displacement-based analytical model is developed to predict the response in terms of lateral load, lateral displacement, and longitudinal elongation through an iterative approach. This model offers a means to decouple the lateral and longitudinal responses and gain insights into the axial constraint. Finally, the validity of the model was experimentally validated
Achieving a culture of whanaungatanga: A kaupapa Māori and grounded theory study exploring Māori relational practices as a strategy to transform acute hospital settings in Aotearoa
No full textBackground – Relational practice is a respectful and reciprocal approach to understanding patients’ and whānau (extended family or social grouping) healthcare requirements; however, it has been overshadowed by the task-and-time culture prioritising organisational needs. Māori culture is inherently relational and integrating te ao Māori (Māori worldviews) into the acute hospital setting could positively shift practice. Despite this, little research has been conducted to explore what this might entail.
Aim – To conceptualise relational practice from te ao Māori and generate a culturally grounded theory to explain how Māori relational values and practices can transform relational practice in an acute hospital setting in Aotearoa (New Zealand).
Methods – A kaupapa Māori approach (philosophy and practice) and grounded theory were used to explore the contemporary understandings and experiences of Māori values and practices. Interviews were conducted with 15 Māori staff, patients and whānau from an acute hospital in Tāmaki Makaurau (Auckland).
Findings – This study identified three culturally informed processes that culminated in the theory of achieving a culture of whanaungatanga (belonging and inclusion): tikanga mahi (work ethic), whakawhanaungatanga (developing kinships), and manaakitanga (cultural and social responsibility). Tikanga mahi was the core category to establish the conditions necessary for a culture of whanaungatanga. Central to tikanga mahi are well-defined and conveyed organisational standards, expectations, and values with solid leadership inclusive of Māori. In cultivating a culture of whanaungatanga, staff develop kinships with each other through whakawhanaungatanga and manaakitanga, which is replicated in the relationships they develop with patients and whānau. Whanaungatanga is the symbolic korowai (cloak) embodying leadership, support, and our ethic of care, belonging, inclusion, and safety. A culture of whanaungatanga could transform our understanding and approach to cultural safety and address the shortage of Māori nurses by creating the necessary conditions to support the recruitment and retention of Māori nurses. Embracing Māori values may enhance nurses’ sense of time, fostering relational practice.
Conclusion – While the task-and-time culture is firmly entrenched in nursing, this study has demonstrated the value of integrating Māori values and practices into the acute inpatient hospital setting to reorient relational practice. A systemic approach to organisational culture change is needed to transform practice and prioritise healthcare relationships to improve health equity for Māori
Exploring the Feasibility of Using Smartphones for Measuring Sound-Level Difference as a Treatment Outcome
No full textPurposeIn the last decade, acoustic voice analysis using smartphones and freely downloadable apps has gained popularity. This observational study aimed to establish the feasibility of using uncalibrated smartphone devices with internal microphones as sound-level meters (SLMs) of voice in suboptimal clinical environments with ambient noise for sound-level difference measurement.MethodFour smartphones (two iPhones and two Androids) were tested against a Class 2 Casella SLM. Within-device consistency and linearity were tested across a range of synthesized tones and recorded sustained /a/ vowels, adjusting for app choice, microphone-to-source distance, sound type, intensity, frequency, and ambient noise level (ResultsAcross devices, single dB values differed widely. Under all conditions, a strong linear relationship was seen across the Class 2 SLM and all smartphones (R2 > .980). An increase in ambient noise from R2 > .980). The test-retest reliability showed near-perfect linearity across measurement iterations and between devices, R2 > .998, τ > .99. Measured differences between white noise tokens across all devices showed good agreement, intraclass correlation coefficient (2,1) = .88.ConclusionsProvided that internal linearity can be proven, uncalibrated smartphones demonstrate a feasible method of measuring pre-/posttreatment sound levels in sustained vowels provided that the device microphone-to-source distance and recording parameters (i.e., time and frequency weighting and application) are the same. Conversely, for absolute sound pressure level measurement, calibration with a gold standard SLM is needed
Building confidence to strengthen school engagement [Factsheet]
No full textSchool engagement refers to the degree to which students are involved in and
committed to their learning. It has three interconnected dimensions:
behavioural engagement (participation and positive conduct), emotional
engagement (feelings of connection to teachers, peers, and school), and
cognitive engagement (investment in learning, self-regulation, and persistence)
(Fredricks et al., 2004; Gibbs & Poskitt, 2010; Karababa, 2022; Tait et al., 2023).
High engagement has been consistently linked with positive outcomes. Students
who are engaged attend more regularly, stay motivated, and achieve better
academic results (Bempechat & Shernoff, 2012; Reschly & Christenson, 2012;
Wang & Holcombe, 2010). Engagement is also associated with lower dropout rates,
higher wellbeing (Estévez et al., 2021), and protection against both externalising
behaviours such as substance use and internalising difficulties such as anxiety and
depression (Mihalec-Adkins et al., 2020).
Because engagement reflects how young people interact with school, it can be
influenced by the supports they receive. Positive Youth Development (PYD)
programmes strengthen engagement by building confidence, competence, and
connection. These approaches view adolescents as assets with strengths to develop,
supporting both academic success and wellbeing (Buenconsejo & Datu, 2024).
This factsheet reviews evidence on the relationship between self-confidence and
school engagement, focusing on early adolescents aged 9–12. These “middle years”
are a critical transition where students test their abilities, form identities, and build
skills that lay the groundwork for future success
Nano-Catalytic Surfaces Prepared by Ion Implantation for Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
No full textGreen hydrogen has the potential to be an effective zero-carbon energy vector. However, to be economically viable, the capital and energy costs of green hydrogen production need to be reduced by around 90% and 70%, respectively. Transition metal carbides are promising low-cost earth abundant alternatives to platinum, the state-of-the-art catalyst for the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), since they closely mimic the electronic properties of platinum. Despite decades of research, scalable and reliable synthetic routes toward electrochemically active carbide surfaces are yet to be discovered, providing the motivation for this research.
The objective of this thesis was twofold. Firstly, it aimed to examine if ion beam methods can be used to synthesise transition metal carbide nanoparticles (Mo, W, Ni and Au) at ambient bulk temperature. It was hypothesised that high energy transient phenomena induced by ion implantation, referred to as thermal spikes, could overcome the kinetic barriers to the formation of stable/metastable carbide phases normally only accessible at high temperatures. By optimising the implantation conditions (energy, fluence, substrate and implanted ion), a plethora of different metal carbides were selectively synthesised. For instance, η’-Mo3C2, and γ’-MoC/η-MoC nanoparticles of 10 and < 5 nm, respectively, were produced by molybdenum implantation into glassy carbon. Further investigations via carbon implantation into molybdenum and tungsten metal thin films established that phase transitions from β-Mo2C to η-MoC and β-W2C to γ-WC were induced with increasing local carbon concentrations. Boundaries of this approach were then explored, through carbon implantation into nickel and gold thin films. In the case of nickel substrates, a sole metastable phase (Ni3C) formed. Gold did not carburise, instead the carbon precipitated into graphitic pockets. Formation of each transition metal carbide phase was consistent with a thermal spike model and Mo–C, W–C, Ni–C, and Au–C phase diagrams.
Secondly, the performance of the synthesised molybdenum carbide and tungsten carbide phases for HER were evaluated in acidic media. Despite the high overpotential for the β-Mo2C and β-W2C catalysts (262 and 265 mV at 10 mA cm-2, respectively), they exhibited a high intrinsic HER activity as demonstrated by good turnover frequencies (11.2 and 10.7 H2 s-1, respectively). The high TOFs could be attributed to the high carbide concentration, optimal carbide phases and the high density of grain boundaries formed during ion implantation. This research offers new insights into transition metal carbide formation via ion implantation and opens new vistas towards catalyst synthesis for green hydrogen production