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工事費用と環境負荷に基づく将来地震を考慮した既存RC造建物の耐震補強効率評価指標の提案 = Proposal of index for evaluating efficiency of seismic retrofitting applied to existing RC buildings considering future earthquakes, construction costs and environmental load
No full textA seismic reinforcement efficiency evaluation index is proposed to select the optimal seismic reinforcement plan considering seismic performance, construction costs, and environmental impact. Focusing on seismic reinforcement of existing RC buildings, construction costs and environmental impacts are normalized to those related to reconstruction. Three types of common strengthening techniques were studied: RC shear walls, steel braces, and CLT walls. The evaluation results showed that using RC shear walls was the most cost-efficient, while CLT walls had the smallest environmental impact, suggesting that the most efficient retrofitting plan depends on the weighting assigned to costs and environmental impact
Naasioi metrical structure: a challenge to syllable integrity
No full textSyllable integrity, the idea that the content of syllables may not be metrified separately, is often taken to be an inviolable constraint of grammar. This has been challenged in recent work, though the data are often subject to competing analyses. This article claims that syllable integrity is readily violable in Naasioi. Evidence from stress, the minimal word and metrically sensitive allomorphy supports an analysis of the metrical system operating on bimoraic feet, and in which long vowels can be metrified separately. Despite this, there is also evidence, in the form of vowel shortening and truncation, to indicate that long vowels constitute a single syllable. The net result is a stress system which systematically ignores syllables, a state of affairs which allows for syllable integrity violations to arise
Malnutrition in Critical Illness: Exploring Screening and Assessment Tools and Practices Within a New Zealand Critical Care Context
No full textBackground: Malnutrition is prevalent in Intensive Care Units (ICUs) globally. This is
alarming because malnutrition is linked to a wide range of adverse clinical consequences that
also impose resource strain on hospitals. Various methods are used to screen for and assess
malnutrition, but their feasibility in the unique New Zealand critical care context is unknown.
Malnutrition screening and assessment tools and protocols help streamline the identification of
malnourished patients, ensuring the implementation of consistent, timely, and appropriate
dietetic support.
Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the validity, feasibility and implementation of
malnutrition screening and assessment tools and practices in ICU patients.
Methods: First, a cross-sectional observational pilot study was conducted in Auckland City
Hospital ICU. The Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST), Modified Nutrition Risk
in the Critical Ill score (mNUTRIC) and Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition criteria
(GLIM) were conducted on all patients. The Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment
(PG-SGA) tool was applied to a subset of participants and used as a reference method to explore
the preliminary validity of GLIM. Next, a 22-question pilot survey was disseminated to the
Dietitians New Zealand ICU Special Interest Group to examine current practices, experiences,
and perceptions of malnutrition screening and assessment among New Zealand ICU dietitians.
Results: All tools could be implemented in the ICU. No statistically significant difference
existed between the MUST and mNUTRIC score, but the MUST was faster to complete.
Malnutrition presence varied depending on which GLIM phenotypic criterion was used. GLIM
did not reach satisfactory validity. Twelve dietitians responded to the survey. Three key themes
were identified – standardised practices and policies, perceived low level of
evidence/confidence in suitable malnutrition screening and assessment tools and ICU context
issues with malnutrition screening and assessment.
Conclusion: GLIM requires further validation in a New Zealand critical care context. Further
exploration into the most feasible malnutrition screening/assessment method is also needed.
Inconsistencies exist in malnutrition screening and assessment practices nationwide. The way
dietitians evaluate malnutrition should align nationally and with global standards – more work
is required in order to achieve this
Critical GenAI Literacy: Postdigital Configurations
No full textAbstract
Critical Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) literacy cannot be reduced to a universal framework. Rather, it must be understood as a constellation of situated literacies, shaped by disciplinary perspectives, socio-political contexts, and technological affordances. This multi-authored article explores the emerging concept of critical GenAI literacy and its postdigital configurations. Fourteen authors contributed with different sections, followed by five author-reviewers who examined the article as a whole. The objective was to invite diverse perspectives, constructive critique, and promote collaborative efforts to develop a clearer and more inclusive understanding of critical GenAI literacy. The introduction focuses on establishing some initial assumptions about what we mean by ‘critical’ in general, and for GenAI literacy in particular, and why a conjunction of postdigital configurations of the construct emerges as an adequate methodological solution. In the main part of the article, some authors focus on the concept of ‘literacies’ as a starting point for their reflection, while others directly examine critical GenAI literacy through a postdigital perspective. We conclude that critical GenAI literacy requires moving beyond technical skills to engage with AI’s epistemological, ethical, and relational dimensions, ensuring learners critically interrogate its role in knowledge production. Future inquiry should focus on integrating this literacy into education in ways that promote social justice, epistemic diversity, and democratic participation.</jats:p
Keeping It Simple: Developing a Prognostic Tool for Spinal Epidural Abscess
No full textStudy designA retrospective study.ObjectiveTo develop a prognostic score for mortality and treatment failure in Spinal epidural abscess (SEA), based on simplicity and multidimensional assessment principles.MethodsOne-hundred-fifty patients were reviewed. Variables assessed included comorbidities, functional status, clinical presentation, Frankel classification, and biochemical and radiological parameters. The main outcomes were the 90-day mortality and treatment failure, corresponding to any intensification of the initial treatment plan. Variables were sorted out with a factorial analysis. Logistic regressions were performed, and the new score was derived from the coefficients. ROC curves with Area Under Curve, calibration plots, and cross-validation were performed.ResultsForty-three patients (29%) had treatment failure, and 15 died (10%) by 90 days. Factorization created 3 groups: Comorbidities (C), Severity (S), and Function (F). For 90-day mortality, Odds ratios were 1.20 (P = .0002), 1.15, (P = .03), 1.36, (P -4) for C, S, F, respectively. The new score 'CSF' had 1 point per item, ranging from zero to 3. OR increased by 1.2/point for 90-day mortality (P -4), AUC was .86. For failures OR increased by 1.15/point (P = .014), AUC was .58, and increased to .64 for patients who survived after 90 days, probably due to competing risks.ConclusionsComorbidities, Severity, and Function is a new simplistic tool, easy to use in daily practice; its performances were excellent for 90-day mortality, and acceptable for failures. Simple tools are more likely to be adopted into practice. External validation of this technique is desirable
Synthetic studies towards the flow synthesis of promising radiosensitizer lead compound SN40905
No full textFlow chemistry is a method of performing chemical reactions by continuously pumping reactions through a reactor rather than in a single static vessel. This research explored the use of flow chemistry to improve the synthesis of SN40905, a DNA-PK inhibitor with potential in cancer treatment. Traditional batch synthesis is complex and hard to scale, prompting investigation into continuous flow processes. The reduction of a nitro group and the synthesis of an imidazolone were adapted as two key reactions to flow, with optimised conditions yielding 90% and 97%. The study demonstrates that flow chemistry can significantly enhance efficiency, reduce environmental impact and support the scalable production of SN40905 for further development and testing
次世代家庭用ガスメーターによる2方向入力の影響を考慮したRC中低層建物の簡易損傷評価手法 = A simple damage estimation method for RC low-to-mediumrise buildings using next generation household gas meter considering the effect of bi-directional input
No full textStructural health monitoring has been attracting attention because of the need to quickly determine the degree of building damage immediately after an earthquake. In a previous study, a simple damage assessment method for RC buildings assuming the installation of next-generation gas meters was proposed using the change rate of the natural period when the velocity response spectrum reaches its maximum value. In this study, a shear model was analyzed using only unidirectional input ground. In this paper, the applicability of the damage assessment method is investigated using a frame model considering under two directions of ground motion